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Defining the basic design course of architecture as a research topic involves defining aspects of form, structure and content. This intention was put into practice through an exercise in which the creation of form (as it is done in basic design courses), the constructive conception (as the essence of the architectural event) and the content (through the valuation of architectural experience). It started with the collection of information on tectonics, then proceeded with practical exercises and analysis on the initial information, concluding with the exercise of synthesis whose central theme was the design of a bridge. Finally, the definition of a basic design exercise with a purely architectural character was achieved, where the students obtained their first level of training in terms of awareness of the place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Boletin de Geologia is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletin de Geologia is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The tectonic plates theory it's explained by the authors since the principle was discovered by Wegener. The focused their research on Central America and Costa Rica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One basic condition for a sustainable development of a nation is a positive proactive management on disaster risk reduction. Such action requires previous knowledge and documentation about hazardous phenomena or events, their dangerousness assessment, and the vulnerability evaluation of: The people and their properties, the multiple societal aspects (economic, social, cultural, etc.), the infrastructure works, vital lines, and the environment. It also requires knowledge of the community copying- capacities and its resilience. In this paper, the main concepts of risk management and the most important features of the seismicity in the Peruvian territory are reviewed. The following characteristics are pointed out for the collision-subduction of the Nazca-South American tectonic-plates seismicity environment: Earthquakes of large magnitude, very large mezoseismic areas, seismic accelerations that not exceed the Earth's gravity on the continent, recurrence times tens to hundreds of years. The tectonic-readjustment-continental seismic environment is characterized by mezoseismic areas circumscribed to the activated geological faults - length: several tens of kilometers, width: few tens of kilometers - shallow hypocenters, geological faults with several meters of vertical displacement, the seismic ground acceleration exceeds the Earth's gravity, the recurrence time of strong events is about one thousand years. The volcanic seismic environment is present in the tectonic block of southern Peru, and it is limited to the zone of presently active volcanoes. Their seismic activity is of low hazardousness. The probabilistic seismic hazard map of maximum accelerations, for 10% of probability of exceedence in 50 years, shows the largest values for the central and southern coastal area of the country: 0.5-0.7 g; in the northern coastal areas this values are 0.4-0.5 g. In the "Sierra" the acceleration range is 0.2-0.4 g, and in the Subandean zone and "Llano Amazónico" the accelerations range between 0.05-0.2 g. There are no traditionalmicrozoning maps of large urban areas in Peru; however, there are several macroseismal soil response maps in term of macroseismal intensities. Peru has no national seismic vulnerability or risk maps, but there are maps of the basic factors of vulnerability: Poverty, population density, Human Development Index (HDI), and constructive environment. The poorest people are distributed in the alto-andina zone, with centers in the old Andean cultures settlements. The province with the largest population density is "La Provincia Constitucional del Callao": 5,515 hab/km2. Lima province has 2,603 hab/km2.… [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se analiza el comportamiento de la falla Pinar a partir de datos reales de varios afloramientos descritos a lo largo de dicha estructura. El uso de la microtectónica y el análisis estructural permitió detectar e interpretar algunos indicadores cinématicos que denotan su funcionamiento transcurrente siniestro en su etapa inicial. Asimismo, estructuras superpuestas en diferentes planos de falla permitieron detectar desplazamientos subhorizontales que marcan una etapa intermedia de transición, para culminar su evolución como una clásica falla gravitacional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of GPS technology provides direct measurements of displacements due to plate motions and intraplate deformation, basic information for understanding kinematic of the movements. Using satelital geodesy techniques, crustal deformation rates in the southwestern Caribbean, southeastern of Central America and northwestern of South America wide plate boundary have been derived from GPS campaigns in 1988, 1990, 1991, 1994, 1996 and 1998 as part of the CASA (Central And South America) GPS Project. The zone of study includes the area of complex interaction between the Caribbean, Nazca and South America plates. The same GPS stations have been occupied with the purpose of making comparisons on the position of each site, analyzing distances of separation (baselines) and obtaining displacement vectors (magnitude and orientation). Some results are showed using the GIPSY-OASIS II software, that is a precision package for the analysis of GPS data developed by JPL-NASA. INGEOMINAS has built a GPS network called GEORED to be occupied succesively in order to get information about intraplate deformation, under the institutional project named Survey, Compilation and Generation of Geodynamics Information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tungurahua Volcano, located in the Cordillera Real of Ecuador, has been in mild eruptive activity from September 1999 to the present. Using the maximum verosimilitude method with windows of 100 events overlapped by 50%, the b-value was calculated for the volcano-tectonic events. Five peaks of maximum b values were recognized: from September to October/1995 b = 1.295 (σ = 0.081), from June to December/1996 b = 1.399 (σ = 0.084), from January to February/1999 b = 1.370 (σ = 0.083), from March to May/1999 b = 1.427 (σ = 0.084), and from June to July/1999 b = 2.120 (σ = 0.104). It appears that peaks of b at Tungurahua are preceded by jumps in the tremoric energy curve, suggesting a possible correlation. During the same study period, the spectral evolution in the volcanic tremor shows that three predominate groups of frequencies exist: (1) around 0.5 Hz, (2) around 2 Hz y (3) around 5 Hz. Group (2) was most common during the time period and presented a good correlation with the precipitation regime. In contrast, groups (1) and (3) appear before the occurrence of the first peak of b in 1999. Therefore, the increase in the b value recorded in that epoch could be indicative of a larger heat flow, a situation which was evidenced through greater fumarolic activity and the beginning of eruptive activity in the volcano. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focal mechanism solutions of twenty recent earthquakes occurred at different depthes and tectonics environment have been analysed to establish the seismotectonic framework of the central region of Colombian territory. The intermediate earthquakes in the western part of the region, in the majority respond to traction force and correspond to the subduction phenomenon of the oceanic lithospheric material beneath continental plate. While the superficial events occurred at the continent crustal in the majority being of compressional type are related with the activity of different faults that cross the region. This activity is derived from the collision of the Nazca plate with the Andean Block. On the East Andean frontal fault system is noted a continuation of the tectonic stresses at the interior of the crustal to the earth's surface. In general, the geodymanic regimen of the nothwestern corner of the South American continent is governed by the collision of three major tectonic plates, that cause the deformation and displacement of the Andean Block in NNE direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is settled down a characterization of the principal structures checked or detected to the east of the city of Moa: Quesigua and El Medio faults, determining their actual tectonic activity. In the study were used geological, geomorphologic and micro tectonic methods and the geodesic information of the Moa geodynamics line. The genetic space relationship of the transcurrents faults is analyzed with the seismic activity of the area. It is offered a division in morfotectonics blocks and are described their principal features, as well as the tectonics relationships between them. As result it was point out the existence of strike slip movements due to the Cuban Western Block movements in its transpresive contact with Caribbean plate, which may be the cause of the regional seismic reactivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]