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Salvia is the biggest genus from Lamiceae, with almost 900 species. In Argentina it is represented by 23 taxa (20 species, one subspecies, and two varieties), four of these are adventive taxa, the rest are native, and one of these is endemic. Species are distributed predominantly in the north region of the territory, reaching the provinces of La Pampa and Mendoza as the southern limit of its distribution. Each of the 23 Salvia taxa present in Argentina is described and illustrated, and a key for their identification is presented. Three new synonyms are proposed, Salvia borjensis new synonym of Salvia nervosa, Salvia durifolia new synonym of Salvia ovalifolia var. ovalifolia and Salvia alba new synonym of Salvia personata, and ten lectotypes are designated for: Salvia approximata, S. arenaria, S. ovalifolia var. villosa, S. pallida, S. procurrens, S. reflexa, S. serrata, S. stachydifolia, S. uliginosa, and Salvia sect. Pycnosphace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Azorella is a genus with 26 species of Azorelloideae (Apiaceae) that grow from Costa Rica to the subantartic islands, being distintive and dominant in different environments of the Andean Cordilleras from Venezuela to Patagonia. The species of Azorella that grow in Argentina have been revised taxonomically in a previous study. However, knowledge of the remaining species is fragmentary and uneven. The aim of this paper is to update and standardize the information of the 11 species of Azorella absent in Argentina and present in Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and/or Venezuela. We provide descriptions for those species and update distributional maps, and we solve nomenclatural and typification problems for 41 names, designating 2 type species, 16 lectotypes and 1 neotype. In addition, we provide 10 new illustrations, and an identification key for all the species of the genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A review of the Lycopodiaceae from Argentina and Uruguay, based on the study of relevant collections from herbaria as well as literature, is presented, according to the new classification of 16 genera grouped into three subfamilies. The family is represented by nine genera and 23 species; all taxa are described and at least one species of each subfamily is illustrated; one species (Huperzia saururoides) is lectotypified and three new synonyms are proposed: Austrolycopodium assurgens under Austrolycopodium erectum, Lycopodium sanctae-barbarae under Phlegmariurus saururus and Urostachys selago var. aschersonianus under Huperzia saururoides. Lycopodiella alopecuroides and Phlegmariurus subulatus are excluded from the studied area. Keys for all taxa are provided, as well as the relevant synonyms and a synthesis of the ecology and distribution. The most diverse genera are Phlegmariurus (seven species) and Austrolycopodium (five species). In Argentina, the family is represented by 22 species distributed in the three subfamilies. The northwestern region is the richest area of the country, with nine species. In Uruguay the family is represented by the subfamily Lycopodielloideae, with four species belonging to the genera Lycopodiella (two species), Palhinhaea (one species) and Pseudolycopodiella, represented by Pseudolycopodiella meridionalis. The latter, Palhinhaea camporum, and Huperzia fuegiana s. str. are new records for Argentina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A taxonomic treatment of the genus Diplolepis is here presented. Based on molecular and biogeographical information recently published, this group is monophyletic and its geographical distribution is restricted to southwestern South America. The study comprised the analysis of herbarium specimens including nomenclatural types, supplemented with collections and observation of species in the field. This paper describes the variation in the morphology of the genus, including habit, stems, leaves, inflorescence, calyx, corolla, corona, gynostegium, pollinia, fruits and seeds. The morphological and distributional differences between Diplolepis and related genera are discussed. A key to differentiate the species of the genus is here given. Within each species we provide the valid name, synonyms, description of vegetative and reproductive morphological characters, geographical distribution, ecology, uses, common names, phenology, iconography and specimens examined. A lectotype is designated for D. viridis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the most recent phylogenetic analyses of Gavilea, an updated taxonomic revision is presented here. A new combination, Gavilea chica, is proposed following the current monophyletic circums- cription of the genus. This revision includes: 1) the history of the genus, 2) a key to the 17 species of Gavilea, 3) descriptions and illustrations of most species, 4) updated geographical distribution of the species, including the extension of the range of distribution of G. platyantha and G. supralabellata to Río Negro and Tierra del Fuego (Argentina) respectively, 5) nomenclatural observations and, 6) a complete and updated list of synonyms for every species. Five lectotypes (Asarca araucana, G. australis, A. patagonica, G. supralabellata, and G. wittei) are also designated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Miconia petropolitana is reported for the first time for the Argentinean flora and a lectotipification for this species is proposed. The species is described and illustrated and a map with the geographical distribution is provided. Miconia elegans is excluded from Argentina and an identification key for the species is included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The species in the Sporobolus indicus complex are analyzed for Argentina. Sporobolus indicus var. indicus and S. indicus var. andinus are recognized for Argentina based on significant value differences in culms height and inflorescence length, and the altitude of collection area. The var. andinus is a new record for the Argentinean flora and it is here illustrated. Sporobolus jacquemontii is excluded from Argentina and S. minor is considered as a synonymy of S. indicus var. indicus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper includes nine adventitious species of Prunus (Rosaceae, Prunoideae) present in Argentina. A key is presented to differentiate them. For all the species, it is indicated scientific name, common names, description, geographical distribution, uses, material studied and observations about their status of naturalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six new species of Malvastrum are described: M. boyuibeanum, M. Cristobalianum, M. ionthacarpum, M. pucariensis, M. trifidum and M. uniapiculatum and a new combination is proposed: M. Fryxellii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oncidium fuchsii Königer (Orchidaceae) is described for the first time for the Argentinean flora. Synonyms, some ecological observations and a key to differentiate the entity with which can made a mistake, are included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo enfoca en la familia de plantas herbáceas Poaceae y su subfamilia Panicoideae que incluye la tribu Centotheceae. Para esa familia, subfamilia y tribu se indican las características morfológicas y anatómicas, se describe su distribución geográfica y se discurre sobre su presencia en la región de Veracruz, México.

In this paper Stemodia hassleriana Chodat (Plantaginaceae) is reported for the first time for Brazil. Description, illustration, ecological observations of the species and a key to species of Stemodia presently known from Brazil are included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo enfoca en la familia de árboles arbustos o sufrútices, Chrysobalanaceae, la cual se considera parte del orden Malpighiales. Para la familia y sus géneros correspondientes se indican las características morfológicas y anatómicas, se describe su distribución geográfica y se discurre sobre su presencia en la región de Veracruz, México.

Se presenta un inventario parcial de la flora y la vegetación de la provincia de Mendoza, Argentina. Se describen las características de cada especie de plantas, citando sus rasgos botánicos, su familia y género y su distribución geográfica en la provincia. Entre las especies se encuentran Pantacantha, Schizanthus y Reyesia.

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El artículo enfoca en la familia de plantas herbáceas, sufrútices, arbóreas o bejucos, Campanulaceae y su subfamilia Lobelioideae que juntos incluyen aproximadamente 76 géneros. Para la familia y subfamilia se indican las características morfológicas y anatómicas, se describe su distribución geográfica y se discurre sobre su presencia en la región de Veracruz, México.

Two species new to science are described and a new combination is made for the genus Inga (Ingeae, Mimosoideae, Leguminosae) in the phytogeographic area treated by the Flora Mesoamericana. Descriptions and illustrations are provided for Inga lactifera M. Sousa and I. appendiculata M. Sousa. A modification of the rank is proposed for I. multijuga subsp. mexicana T.D. Penn. The species I. chiapensis Miranda ex M. Sousa is illustrated for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A morphological description of the genus Mimophytum greenm. (Boraginaceae) is provided, as well as a dichotomous key to the species and ecological and distributional information. The genus is endemic to the Sierra Madre Oriental of Mexico. morphological descriptions for the two species are provided. One of them, M. benitomartinezii, is proposed as new to science. It differs from M. omphalodoides in that the stems are rhizomatous-stoloniferous, the upper leaf surfaces are glabrous, the leaf blades possess 3 basal nerves, the inlorescence is an ebracteate, scorpioid cyme, the pedicels are shorter, and the fruits have glochids forming a ring around the edges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the first complete, floristic analysis of the Asteraceae family from an extense, endangered, subtropical area of Argentina, covered by the Misiones Province. This study reports 88 genera, 345 species and 16 infraspecific taxa of Asteraceae from the two phytogeographic units of Misiones Province: "Selvas Mixtas" District, and "de los Campos" District. Nine species are recorded for first time, and 23 are included as probable records for this area. This paper includes keys for tribes, genera, species and infraspecific taxa, as well as a short discussion about distribution of tribes, genera and habits in relation to political departments or phytogeographic districts. Habit, status, distribution, habitat, vernacular names, uses, and vouchers are given for every taxon. Thirty two taxa are illustrated for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digitaria cuatrecasasii, a new species from Honduras, Panamá, Colombia and Venezuela, is described and illustrated. The taxonomic position of D. cuatrecasasii is discussed, and its inclusion in sect. Leianthae is proposed. A comparative table and some remarks about the related taxa are included. Digitaria californica var. villosissima, D. corynotricha, D. curvinervis, D. fragilis and D. sacchariflora are reported for the first time for Colombia. Digitaria aequiglumis var. aequiglumis, D. argillacea var. nulliseta, D. ciliaris var. rhachiseta, D. costaricensis, D. eriantha, D. filiformis var. laeviglumis, D. lehmanniana var. dasyantha, D. parva, D. sacchariflora and D. ternata are cited for the first time for Venezuela. Digitaria cardenasiana and D. villiculmis are here sinonimized under D. corynotricha, and D. aequatorienis under D. pittieri. The following new records for countries are included as follows: D. argillacea var. argillacea for Perú, D. argillacea var. nulliseta for Guatemala, D. curvinervis for Ecuador and México, D. eriantha for Ecuador, D. fragilis for Nicaragua and Panamá, D. lehmanniana var. lehmanniana for Cuba and D. leucites for México. This paper includes synonymy, iconography, geographical distribution and ecology, vernacular names, specimens examined; a key for the identification of taxa is also given. Eleven species are illustrated for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cedrela is represented in Argentina by 5 taxa. A new species, Cedrela saltensis, is described and illustrated. A key, descriptions, synonymy, geographical distribution and illustrations of the Argentinian species are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new taxa are described: Polypodium castaneum Maxon ex Tejero and P. colpodes var. venezuelense Tejero. Two new combinations are proposed, P. arcanum Maxon var. bakeri (Davenp.) Mickel et Tejero and P. colpodes Kunze var. oligomeron (H. Christ) Tejero. Polypodium fuscopetiolatum A. R. Sm. is placed in synonymy under P. colpodes Kunze. A key, descriptions and geographical distribution of the eight Neotropical taxa in the P. colpodes group are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report, for the first time, the presence of Nierembergia angustifolia in the state of Jalisco, Mexico. The distinctive characteristics of this species and an update of its known geographical distribution are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A phytosociological study of 59 relevés was carried out at Laguna Quila, National Park Lagunas de Zempoala, México, using the Zürich-Montpellier approach. Eleven communities were identified and described. A distinction was made between a submerged and a helophytic hydroseral vegetation. A pronounced humidity gradient was identified in a north-south direction, and also a continuous desiccation was observed. A vegetation map scale 1:1900 is included. 21 families of vascular plants including 41 species and 33 genera have been identified. Families best represented include Cyperaceae with seven species and Ranunculaceae with four species. Phytogeographical analysis on the generic level revealed that the temperate component reached 65%, the cosmopolitan 30% and the tropical 5%. The species of Laguna Quila have a wide distribution in Mexican hydroseries and elsewhere in temperate America. Aquatic and semi-aquatic communities are vanishing rapidly in Mexico, and it is important to understand the dynamics for adequate management of this natural resource. In order to protect this lake it is recommended to control the water extraction of the laguna, to exclude cattle and other activities who can affect indirectly Laguna Quila. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taxonomic survey of Aureliana Sendtner, a small neotropical genus of 5 species: A. fasciculata (Vellozo) Sendt. [with 3 varieties: var. fasciculata, var. tomentella (Sendt.) Barboza et A. T. Hunz. nov. comb., and var. longifolia (Sendt.) A. T. Hunz. et Barboza nov. comb.], A. brasillana (A. T. Hunz.) Barboza et A. T. Hunz. nov. comb., A. tomentosa Sendt., A. velutina Sendt. and A. wettsteiniana (Witas.) A. T. Hunz. et Barboza nov. comb. The 7 taxa grow in Brazil, but 3 of them deserve a special mention: A. fasciculata var. tomentella reaches southeastern Paraguay and Argentina (eastern Misiones); instead A. fasciculata var. longifolia and A. fasciculata var. fasciculata show a rather peculiar distribution because aside of their eastern area, both have been collected in Bolivia (Santa Cruz and Pando). After a discussion on the complicated taxonomical history of the genus, the authors point out its relationships with 6 allied genera of the Solaneae, above all with Capsicum L.; a key to identify these 7 genera is included as well. Each taxon is described together with remarks about their geographical distribution and affinities. Five plates and a map are included in the text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper the genus Junellia Mold. is accepted as such, and the limits towards related genera defined by means of a key. It is proposed to divide the genus into two subgenera: Junellia (with sections Junellia and Guedesia sect. nov.) and Thryothamnus (Phil.) stat. nov. (with sections Thryothamnus, Verticiflora (Schauer) stat. nov. and Junelliopsis sect. nov.), keys are provided for the identification of the infrageneric taxa here accepted, together with a provisional list of the species included. The type species of both subgenera are illustrated, and available information on karyology and geographical distribution is given, with a map showing the total range of the genus. A SEM study of the external and internal morphology of the mericarps with illustrations of diagnostic characters of the subgenera, and related genera are also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a taxonomic revision of the genus Polygonum L in Argentina, with a discussion of the morphological characters of taxonomic importance, a description of the genus and a classification of the 20 species treated in 5 Sections. Polygonum (5 species), Amblygonon Meisner (1 species), Persicaria Meisner (11 species), Echinocaulon Meisner (2 species) and Tiniaria Meisner (1 species). For each species a description, illustrations of interesting characters, geographical distribution, observations and conclusions about the study of the type material, the information about karyology, phenology and probable uses are included. Some species or varieties previously cited for Argentina have been reduced to synonymy (Polygonum meisnerianum var. beyrichianum, P. lanigerum, P. portoricense, P. acuminatum var. microstemon and var. glabrescens, P. punctatum var. aquatile, P. berteroi, P arenastrum, P. persicarioides, P. cordobense and P. rivulare), P. polygaloides, P. spergulariaeforme and P. tenue are taxa erroneously cited for our country, while P. dumetorum is considered of doubtful presence in Argentina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Bauhinia comprises around 250 species and its distribution is pantropical. Six entities recognized for Argentina are grouped in three seccions: I. Bauhinia secc. Benthamia Fortun. et Wund. with B. uruguayensis Benth.; II. Bauhinia secc. Schnella (Raddi) Benth. p. p. with B. microstachya (Raddi) Macbr. and III. Bauhinia secc. Pauletia (Cav.) DC with B. bauhinioides (Mart.) Macbr., B. argentinensis Burk., B. forficata Link subsp. pruinosa (Vog.) Fortun. et Wund. and B. mollis (Bong.) D. Dietr. var. notophila (Griseb.) Fortun. B. argentinensis Burk. var. megasiphon (Burk.) Fortun. nov. comb. is proposed, as well as B. candicans Benth. is reduced to the synonymy of B. forficata Link subsp. pruinosa (Vog.) Fortun. et Wund. nov. comb.; also the synonymy of each section are presented. The species are described indicating its synonymy and geographical distribution and a key for their differentiation is included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Chuquirags as here treated comprises 19 species of xerophyllous bushes of South America; the history and systematic relationships within the genus and with other genera, and the morphology, geographical distribution and economic importance of the species are discussed. The taxonomic treatment includes a description of the genus, keys to the sections, series and species, and a list of excluded names. All the taxa are described and illustrated and distribution maps are given. In many cases, nomenclatural problems, intraspecific variability and affinities between the species are also analyzed. In this revision a new infrageneric classification is proposed, the genus being divided into two sections: Acanthophylla nov. sect., and Sect. Chuquiraga with two series-Parviflorae nov. ser. and Ser. Chuquiraga. Other taxonomical novelties are: Two new subspecies are described (Ch. spinosa Less. Subsp. australis and subsp. huamanpinta) and three changes of status are proposed (Ch. spinosa subsp. rotundifolia (Weddell) nov. stat., Ch. ulicina subsp. acicularis (Don) nov. stat. and Ch. erinacea subsp. hystrix (Don) nov. stat.). The name Ch. parviflora (Gris.) Hieron., which had been reduced to synonymy of Ch. oppositifolia Don, is rehabilitated, and the morphological and geographical differences between both species are discussed. A new epithet is proposed (Ch. morenonis (O. Ktze) nov. stat.) for Ch. argentea (Speg.) Speg., name invalidated by an earlier homonym. The name Ch. spinosa (Ruiz et Pav.) Don, erroneously used to designate the taxon here described as Ch. spinosa Less. Subsp. huamanpinta, is excluded form the genus. The following names are reduced to synonymy for the first time: Ch. erinacea f. pulvinata Cabrera; Ch. incana Phil.; Ch. insignis var. armata Weddell; Ch. johnstonii Tovar, Ch. jussieui var. lancifolia (H. et B.) Koster, Ch. kingii Ball, Ch. oppositifolia var. macrantha Gay; Ch. oppositifolia var. macrocephala Weddell, Ch. pseudoruscifolia Muschler; Ch. revoluta Field et Gardn, Ch. ulicina var. incana (Phil.) Johnston. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the taxonomic and nomenclatural situation of Pinguicula orchidioides DC. are discussed. It is a distinct and independent species, different from P. oblongiloba DC., with which it has been confused. A complete description and distribution data of the species are given, as well as an enumeration of examined specimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Commelina nivea López-Ferrari, Espejo et Ceja, and Commelina rzedowskii López-Ferrari, Espejo et Ceja, two white flowered species are described and illustrated in this paper. The former is known only from Las Adjuntas, municipio of Pueblo Nuevo in the state of Durango and the other was collected in the neighborhood of Tenería, municipio of Tejupilco in the state of México. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]