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En el presente trabajo se estima la pobreza multidimensional en Nicaragua entre 2001 y 2009 con los datos de las últimas tres encuestas disponibles de medición del nivel de vida (2001, 2005 y 2009) y siguiendo, principalmente, la metodología propuesta por Alkire y Foster (2007 y 2011). Para ello, se utilizan diez dimensiones y tres sistemas de ponderaciones: el sistema de ponderaciones iguales y dos sistemas de ponderaciones desde los propios datos, uno a partir de las puntuaciones del primer componente principal y otro a partir de las frecuencias relativas de las privaciones dimensionales (ambos sistemas resultan novedosos para el caso de Nicaragua). En general, los resultados revelan que la incidencia, intensidad y severidad de la pobreza multidimensional en Nicaragua se redujeron entre 2001 y 2009, con un mayor descenso entre 2001 y 2005. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is based on information from the National Survey to Rural Households carried out in 2008 in Mexico, and it aims to analyze the factors that influence activity diversification and, at the same time, determine its impact on the income of Mexican rural households. The econometric estimates point out that diversification is key to increase income and, thus, economic efficiency. Around 80% of the households analyzed by the survey diversifies for survival reasons, while the rest does it for accumulation reasons. This comes to show that the support policies for Mexican households must have clear focusing patterns, especially for lower-income households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an approach to the study of the working poor in Colombia. The purpose is to analyze poverty linked to types of labor insertion, Using data from the Continuous Household Survey and the Large Integrated Household Survey, it analyses main poverty indicators for the workers, and poverty decomposition by geographical area between 2002 and 2012. In addition, it offers a socio-demographic and occupational characterization of the working poor, concluding that the composition of the labor market and the type of labor insertion are determinants of low income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization has brought poverty and inequality in the world. Currently Mexico is a worrying situation of poverty. The Mexican government has faced poverty through social welfare policy, public programs comprising various disjointed each other, which has involved substantial expenditure of fiscal resources without significant results. The main methodological problem of studies on poverty and inequality in the world, is the prevalence of static approaches, focusing mainly on the analysis of the income variable and social shortcomings. Therefore, the measurement of poverty, the result of these investigations, it does not explain either the nature or the origin of the problem itself, it only quantifies the number of households and the poor according to their income level face a welfare line and previously identified deficiencies basket. It is therefore necessary to investigate the problem from a multidimensional perspective that identifies its origin and dynamics. In this it is essential to apply quantitative methods and operations research tools. This paper aims to describe the new methodological approaches in the study of the dynamics of poverty. The methodology used is descriptive, focusing on operational research perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the remittances effect on the inequality and income poverty, in the municipality of Santa Ines Yatzeche, in the State of Oaxaca. To achieve the objective, in 2011 we conducted a survey of 117 questionnaires covering 54.9% of heads of households in the community. With the information derived from the structure of household income, the Gini and Foster- Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) coefficients were calculated for total income. Results indicate values of 63.3%, 72.7% and 88.9% for the incidence of food poverty, capability and patrimony, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using panel data for the years 1996 to 2001 and cross section data for the years 1990 and 2003, this article evaluates how and if Chilean growth has been "pro poor". Two methods are used. First, the 'Growth Incidence Curve" is estimated to study how income distribution has changed. Second, the relationship between the level of household per capita income in 1996 and its growth between 1996 and 2001 is estimated using parametric and non-parametric methods. The results indicate that economic growth has significantly reduced poverty during the period analyzed, but that evidence of income convergence is found only for the poorest half of the income distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chile's recent success in reducing poverty has been remarkable, with poverty rates falling by approximately two-thirds over the last 20 years. However, further gains against poverty may be inhibited by the increasing difficulty associated with targeting fewer poor people and better, more localized information may thus be required. Moreover, public policy that seeks to understand the relationship between poverty, socioeconomic status and urban or rural residence depends on survey data that may not be representative at low levels of aggregation; although censuses are representative by definition, they generally lack detailed income data. Recent mapping techniques combining census and survey data afford detailed descriptions of the spatial distribution of poverty. Indeed, such techniques enable the calculation of robust and statistically precise estimates of poverty at low levels of aggregation, allowing a more nuanced picture of poverty to emerge. In this paper we use such methodologies to produce consistent estimates of both rural and urban poverty at the county level in Chile. The results demonstrate considerable heterogeneity in local poverty, suggesting that future antipoverty policies must be targeted at the local level. Moreover, the estimates we provide may be used to further analyze the causes and consequences of localized poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

World poor number four billion. Roughly fifty percent of Venezuelans lack enough income to live decently. These are realities that governments, on their own, are unlikely to overcome. Pondering business for social inclusion means to link virtually unconnected issues -- private enterprise, on the one hand, societal development and the fight against poverty on the other. The so-called "base of the pyramid" has aroused business interest in a world of possibilities, a world where social and economic value can emerge from profitable market initiatives with low income sectors. Developing new value chains is a passkey to business ventures that feature inclusion of low income groups. Turning these groups into partners entails capitalizing differences to build complementarities. It's not simply a matter of offering quality goods and services to the poor at lower prices. Neither is it a matter of paying a fair price to small farmers. At issue is how to establish collective productivities that are both inclusive and sustainable. For companies, business continues, but in a new context of growing welfare and equality. Business initiatives that feature inclusion make companies actors that integrate into society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]