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Copyright of Saber, Ciencia y Libertas is the property of Saber, Ciencia y Libertad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mexican Journal of Economics & Finance / Revista Mexicana de Economia y Finanzas is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Ejecutivos de Finanzas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nova Scientia is the property of Nova Scientia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present paper contains a comparative study between two non-deterministic approaches to the Delphi method: one based on Pythagorean fuzzy numbers, and the other based on the cloud model. From the empirical evidence obtained in an experimental investigation (N = 56 experts), related to the academic results forecast, it is observed that both approaches produce relatively similar results, even close to the results of an ARIMA test based on series chronological. The study reveals that both methods differ substantially in the way they input, process and output information. Advantages and disadvantages are analyzed, which must be addressed in each case. It is concluded that both approaches are viable, as alternative resources in unusual situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic, where the use of diachronic information is not always completely justified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gestión Joven is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Contabilidad y Administracion de Empresas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Saber, Ciencia y Libertas is the property of Saber, Ciencia y Libertad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Forum Empresarial is the property of University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Investigación y Ciencia de la Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Aguascalientes, Direccion General de Investigacion y Posgrado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims to study the management of sustainable development in public and private educational institutions in the Pillco Marca Huánuco District of Perú. For this, a survey based on Bronfenbrenner's ecological model is designed. According to this theory each person is significantly affected by the interactions of a series of overlapping systems. This is part of contextual dialectical theories that explain the change of behavior of the individual through the influence of the environment. For the representation and processing of the data the Neutrosophic Likert scale is used. The classic Likert scale is widely used in psychological and sociological surveys, however, it restricts the possible answers to a fixed number and only one of them must be chosen. The neutrosophic Likert scale allows the respondent to determining the degree he/she prefers among these possible responses, in this way the respondent's opinions are captured more accurately, including the possible degree of indeterminacy between their opinions. Neutrosophic sets generalize fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy sets, so that to the degree of membership and non-membership of an element to the set, it is added a degree of indeterminacy, without any restriction among them. On the other hand, "Triple Refined Indeterminate Neutrosophic Sets" (TRINS) are used in the Neutrosophic Likert scale. The novelty of this article is that for the first time Sustainable Development Management is studied with the help of the Neutrosophic Likert scale, in a survey based on the Bronfenbrenner's ecological model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metallic materials used in drinking water distribution systems show corrosion damage, which makes it necessary to develop simple and accessible methods that allow preventive and/or corrective measures to be carried out quickly. The work that is described in this paper intended to build a fuzzy logic model based on data obtained from visual inspections of the cladding, and the visible deterioration appearances degree (aging) of the elements. The methodological design used was quantitative research, also known as a mathematical approach, distinguished by the interpretation of data, statistics, numbers, and tables, among others. The data and records of various pressure reducing stations (ERPs) in zones 1 and 4 of aqueduct and sewer in Bogotá were analyzed. Fuzzy Logic Toolbox? MATLAB software complementing was used, based on the selection of two parameters (protection, and coating and aging). Each one was assigned quality conditions that operated as the program input data. By applying the model, a three-dimensional surface was obtained with the values of the corrosion states, according to the quality of the coating and the aging dimension. Four zones were identified, which represent the corrosion states of the evaluated elements: optimal, imperceptible, light, and severe, with no transition interval. The results show that this methodology provides a reliable evaluation of the state of corrosion of the evaluated metal structures. It is concluded that the implementation of the fuzzy inference system provides a simple application tool, which can be adjusted with information collected in routine preventive or corrective maintenance work, and in activities that relate other variables to corrosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Inge@UAN. Tendencias de la Ingeniería is the property of Universidad Antonio Narino and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scientia et Technica is the property of Scientia et Technica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agora (0211-6642) is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main purpose of this paper is to present fuzzy sets theory as a reliable and straightforward methodology to measure poverty, which offers comparative advantages with respect to traditional methods. This paper also shows that fuzzy sets methodology is compatible with census data information to compute poverty indexes. Results of measuring poverty at state, municipal and town levels are presented for the case of Mexico and are compared with official results. Comparison reveals that fuzzy sets theory is an alternative that solve some of the methodological problems present in poverty lines and marginalization indexes, which makes it a helpful tool to evaluate and implement policies aimed at tackling poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ingeniería y Universidad is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper assesses the achievement of the poverty targets of the EU's 2020 Strategy. To this end, for the first time for all EU Member States, an alternative measure of monetary poverty is built using fuzzy set methodology, which helps to avoid some of the drawbacks of the EU's AROPE indicator. The results from the Fuzzy Poverty Indicator (FPI) reveal that the probability of a citizen being poor in the EU has increased slightly since the launch of the Strategy in just over 20 basis points. The EU is not achieving its intended aims and also shows a significant lack of coordination due to a lack of uniformity in objectives and different behavior among Member States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Formación Universitaria is the property of Centro de Informacion Tecnologica (CIT) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The fuzzy sets allow for the representation of vague concepts, where membership of an object could be gradual. The use of this theory in the data bases has been proposed. As result of that, the fuzzy relational model GEFRED has emerged, as well as the fuzzy extended Entity-Relationship model FuzzyEER and the fuzzy querying language FSQL, among others. These extensions include some forms of fuzzy attributes, such as the so-called Type 3. These attributes have values in a set of labels provided with a fuzzy similarity relation, which is an extension of equivalence relations in the fuzzy set theory. The implications of such attributes in partitioned query operators have not been previously explored. The contribution of this paper is on the syntactic and semantic definition of an extension to SQL, in order to allow for partitioned queries with Type 3 fuzzy attributes in grouping criteria. This extension increases the expressive power of the database language with respect to previous proposals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Cubana de Ciencias Informáticas is the property of Universidad de las Ciencias Informaticas (UCI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents an architectural proposal for computing the generalized centroid of an interval type two fuzzy set using the enhanced Karnik Mendel algorithm. The architecture is adapted so that CORDIC based operators can be used to compute multiplications and divisions. In addition, two hardware implementations of the proposed architecture are described. The first one uses conventional parallel operations, while the latter includes CORDIC based operators. Both implementations are achieved over Field Programmable Gate Array technology. They are validated by computing the centroid of twelve deterministic interval type-2 fuzzy sets. Performance indices like area and maximum operation frequency are obtained in order to establish a comparative framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ingeniería Hidráulica en México is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua (IMTA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The evaluation of seismic vulnerability of masonry buildings in Colombian cities is a pressing need, as it is one of the most predominant structural systems. Day to day, the post earthquake attention programs force us to consider a good planning of the elements involved in the development of the cities. The housing buildings are an important aspect into consideration, and among them, the masonry building are elements of major priority. There are different methodologies for its evaluation but many of these have been built based on records of observed damages and analytic models both are complex, making its application only to the place were built. Therefore, is it important to propose models adjustable to Colombian conditions and for doing this, it is necessary to identify the parameters which influence the most in the vulnerability of masonry structures of our cities. The aim of this paper is to present the identification and assessment of these parameters. This study was based on the opinion of experts. Finally, it is presented the model that allows the correlation between vulnerability degrees of each one of the parameters with its value of importance; this correlation leads to calculate the seismic vulnerability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLC) has been effective dealing with high non-linear processes or those whose mathematical model is difficult to obtain. Nevertheless FLC stability and performance depend on suitable adjustment of its tuning parameters; up to date, the tuning process has used a trial and error approach. This paper presents a set of FLC tuning equations based on dynamical process response identification as a First Order Plus Dead Time (FOPDT) model. The FLC tuning equations obtained reduce design time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigaciones Regionales is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Ciencia Regional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Data and information analysis, together with the representation and modeling of the uncertainties associated with real world phenomena and reality perception are fundamental tasks in any engineering work. Traditionally, uncertainty has been represented by the probability theory. However, there are uncertainty types which could be better represented by other theories like fuzzy sets, possibility theory and Depster-Shafer theory, among others. This paper describes uncertainty types and the use of fuzzy sets, fuzzy inference and fuzzy reasoning as alternative to well known techniques of probabilistic inference and reasoning when vagueness is present and expert knowledge and experience is to be included in the reasoning system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most current techniques for classifying ecological community data are intended to typify discrete groups. However, ecological communities are not separated by distinct boundaries and some mixing between neighbouring communities occurs. Another aspect of these classifications is that they assume that the entities within each group are all equivalent, i.e. all of them will show the same characteristics or will have the same rank within the group. This is an over simplification since the structure of natural communities has been shown to vary as their component species respond more or less independently to environmental gradients; thus, both overlapping and internal heterogeneity are important features of ecological communities that cannot be incorporated easily in conventional classification approaches. In this paper, it is proposed that fuzzy set theory provides a conceptual basis which overcomes the limitations of conventional approaches. The fuzzy k-means algorithm was used to classify a vegetation sample from the region of the biosphere reserve 'La Michilía', in the state of Durango, México. This fuzzy classification was compared with a conventional classification produced by the TWlNSPAN program. It was reckoned that four groups were a suitable representation of the vegetation of the area. It was Interpreted that two of the groups were mixtures of deciduous tropical forest, xerophytic shrubland, grassland and oak-pine forest. The other two groups are oak-pine forests. All of the groups can be arranged along a main gradient of aridity. The results suggest that a fuzzy set classification of vegetation data is appropriate and useful. It is shown that the groups formed give a sensible description of the ecological communities while also retaining the information on the natural variation and mixing between them. It is also demonstrated that these groups can be analysed in terms of their association with external variables, providing a good insight into the ecology of the component species and the factors influencing the structure of each community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ingeniería (0121-750X) is the property of Ingenieria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)