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This study examines the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) of agri-food cooperatives that engage in export activities. Using the PLS (partial least square) technique to test the hypotheses made it possible to conduct an analysis based on the principal components and on variance. The model was run in two steps. The first step confirmed that entrepreneurial orientation (measured by innovativeness, proactiveness and risk taking) was positively related to the export activities of the agri-food cooperatives (entrepreneurial orientation explained 23% of export activity). The second step, applying contingent theory, found that in larger sized cooperatives that operated in more dynamic environments the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on export activity was greater, explaining 29.7% of the variance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]