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The aim of this study was to define a representative volume element to characterize the mechanical properties of stress-laminated deck specimens of radiata pine and Eucalyptus nitens. The determination of the representative volume element allowed to identify the smallest representative section of the stress-laminated deck. For this, the nanomechanical properties of the cell walls and middle lamellas were determined by nanoindentations. This study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, the growth ring representative of the pieces of wood under compression perpendicular to the grain was determined. In the second phase, the board representative of the stress-laminated deck specimens subjected to long-term compression loads and variable environmental conditions was determined. The results obtained in the first phase of the study showed that there was no specific tendency of the nanomechanical properties through growth rings in the cross-section of Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus nitens specimens subjected to compression loads perpendicular to the grain. In the second phase of the study, it was found that long-term compression loads in stress-laminated deck specimens mainly affect the mechanical properties of the cellular structure of exterior and central boards. Finally, the representative volume element in a stress-laminated deck specimen was found in the earlywood of the growth ring farthest to the pith in the cross section of the central board. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]