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Copyright of Inventum. Ingenieria, Tecnologia e Investigacion is the property of Corporacion Universitaria Minuto de Dios and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Producción Más Limpia is the property of Corporacion Universitaria Lasallista and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anales de Psicología is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Cuban sugar industry opens possibilities for biorefinerydevelopment due the characteristics of its mass flow currents and its facilities for obtaining different products, co-products and energy. In present paper, biorefinery schemes were evaluated in a Cuban sugar factory with the integration of products and by-products. Two schemes were proposed for the development of a biorefinery in a Cuban sugar industry, considering the obtaining of second generation ethanol (2G) and third generation biodiesel (3G) (Alternative I), as well as obtaining ethanol from molasse -filters juices and bagasse hydrolyzed and biodiesel 3G (Alternative II). When analyzing these alternatives based on results of mass balances, the AlternativeI is not feasible from a technical point of view, since the amount of bagasse used for hydrolyzateproduction makes the plant not self-sufficient energetically, consuming 2 868 609 kW-h / year of the National Electric System (SEN). When carrying out the economic evaluation it was obtained that alternative IIis technically and economically feasible, since it has a NPV of $ 19 129 956, a TIR of 41.9% and a payback of 4.4 years, achieving in this way the integration of a sugar industry to a biorefinery that obtains second and third generation products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A review of microfiltration, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis techniques as alternative for both vinasses and sugar agroindustry wastewater management is showed in this paper. These techniques have been tested satisfactory in vinasse concentration in factories which produce ethanol from grains, in substitution ofconventional evaporators systems. The experiences with vinasses showed values of 75-99% for color retention, 70-99% for organic matter retention and between 60-99% of solid retention, depending of both membranes and membranes combination selected. From the results reported by several authors a two stages system for vinasse treatment is simulated in order to estimate its efficiency in total solids and organic matter retention and its investment and operation cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Opuntia Brava is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Pedagogicas de Las Tunas, Centro de Documentacion e Informacion Pedagogica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This present paper aims to make the physical, physicochemical and qualitative chemical characterization of dyes 10 % obtained from the seeds of a Bixa orellana l. using the solvent 70 % ethanol and how method of extraction maceration and percolation. The pH was 6 showing a weak acid behaviour in all cases; the results of the refractive index, specific density and total solids of parameters were superior to the dyes obtained by percolation. The qualitative chemical composition using physicochemical screening technique showed the presence of alkaloids, coumarins, saponins, triterpenes and steroids, reducing sugars, flavonoids, amino acids and amines, phenols and tannins, no identifiqued quinones, mucilage, resins, and cardiac glycoside. The capillary analysis display image poignantly colours, noted the orange colour fringe, one sub fringe of yellow colour and one band of fawn colour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a methodology for the obtaining of unsaponificable matter starting from the sugar cane filter cake, in the one that only ethanol 96 °GL is used as solvent. The wax is extracted of the mud with ethanol (with a purity of 96 °GL) by means of a leaching out process using a mud/ethanol ratio of 0.05 kg/L to 70 °C, atmospheric pressure, agitation speed of 700 rpm and extraction time of 2,5 hours. Under these conditions 86.21 % of extraction is obtained. Then, the obtained extract reacts with alcoholic NaOH to 70 °C during 75 minutes to atmospheric pressure and shaking to 200 rpm. The employment of the proposed methodology allows to obtain 1.942 g of impure unsaponifiable matter starting from 50 g of mud and 1.05 L of ethanol 96 °GL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, two technological alternatives were analyzed for the production of ethanol in order to diminish the vinasse volume at the exit of the distilling column. Also environmental effects and energy efficiency of the process were discussed, making a proposal for the treatment of residuals. A simulation model was elaborated in Microsoft Excel using process analysis techniques. By means of mass and energy balances, actual process behavior and its technological changes were simulated. The alternatives proposed of adding a bottom reboiler to the distilling column and to recirculate vinasses to the molasses dilution tank decrease the flow obtained at the bottom of the distilling column, showing the best results when combining the alternatives. The alternatives are economically feasible, they obtain higher IRR (Rate of return on investment) than the interest rate used, and the investment is recovered in less than four years, showing liquidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an analysis of the investment task and projection is performed, as well as technical-economical analysis of the possibilities of production Biodiesel on an industrial scale in "Heriberto Duquesne" Molasses Company. An extensive literature search on the subject of biofuels, and biodiesel in particular was conducted, with a view of selecting the most feasible variant of production and raw materials to carry out the process, where the mud oil, ethyl alcohol and sodium ethoxide catalyst were the most attractive variants. The essential part of the job is the investment task and projection, followed by sizing the equipment for the production of Biodiesel plant, starting from the residual filter cake which provides the Molasses Company. Besides, material balances and energy are analyzed, in addition to equipment design of the chosen section, as well as their technical - economical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is currently an effort to achieve economic feasibility of using lignocellulosic biomass as a new source of sugars for ethanol production. The infeasibility of these processes is mainly due to the cost of enzymes and no use of co-products that are generated in the pretreatment of biomass. The technical, economic and environmental assessment of different biorefinery schemes is complicated by the uncertainty in areas such as raw material to be used, the prices of energy and the product, investment costs, operation and risks of new technologies. In this paper, the guidelines show how process integration and assessment of coproducts in the biorefinery scheme leads to the feasibility of the processes that use biomass for biofuels are given. A scheme of integrated processes that exchange materials and energy resources is displayed, the scheme refers to the cane industry sugar generated as major products juice, bagasse and molasses and other products derived processes in annexes found among torula, biogas, CO2, furfural, lignin, and electricity on the basis of environmental management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glucose and xylose, the highest components of the lignocellulosic material, are the raw material used for the production of ethanol by means of fermentation. This paper carries out a design of experiments aimed at studying the fermentative capacity of the Pachysolen tannophilus yeast, based on the specialized literature review about obtaining ethanol from glucose, xylose, and mixtures of both. Strains of microorganisms and common operating conditions are studied for this purpose. The fermentation is carried out using the yeast in its natural form which is capable of fermenting sugars from 5 carbon atoms such as the xylose, during a 24-hour study period. Several relationships are used for the analysis of mixtures of sugars such as: 25% xylose /75% glucose, 50% xylose / 50% glucose and 75% xylose/25% glucose, with an initial concentration of 20 g / l sugar, a 150 rpm rate of stirring and a 30 Ú C temperature. The sampling time lasted 48 hours. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used for the analysis of samples. At 48 hours from starting the test it was obtained a concentration of 4.5 g/L for 50% xylose / 50% glucose mixtures of sugars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. This paper introduces the results of a research work made in Pereira and Dosquebradas, in the Risaralda province, about the economic and mechanic feasibility of the conversion of internal combustion engines to flex fuel systems. For the study, a sample of taxi drivers was chosen in the region, given the high consumption of fossil fuel they require for every day of work. Objective. To determine the economic and mechanic feasibility of converting the internal combustion engines taxis in Pereira and Dosquebradas have, to flex fuel systems. Materials and methods. In order to have reliable estimated data, in the cities mentioned, a systematic sampling model in twelve specific places with more than 10 taxis parked was used. 5 taxis were surveyed in each place, completing a 348 taxi drivers surveyed. Results. Results demonstrate that, even though conversion is feasible under mechanic terms for mixtures below E-85, and also brings a significant increase in the control of pollutant emissions to the atmosphere, it is not economically feasible in Colombia, given the current market conditions. Conclusion. Even though the research work was made in two cities in the Colombian coffee crops zone, it can be concluded, with a 95% of reliability that results in any other Colombian town will be the same, demonstrating an economic unfeasibility to convert engines to flexible systems countrywide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Tecno Lógicas is the property of Instituto Tecnologico Metropolitano and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The effect of certain simplifications in calculations of alcoholic distillation columns, such as to consider ethanol and water as the only components and to neglect heat losses is analyzed. The effect of reducing the number of components in the wine, from nine to the binary ethanol+water, over the enthalpy of the streams is discussed. The analysis was done from a nine components solution to the binary system ethanol-water. Three models for estimating the required properties were used showing that results are not significantly affected. The effects of heat losses by convection and radiation were estimated on both rectifying and purifying columns for insulated and non insulated cases were evaluated. The paper shows that the simplifications introduced to the HYSYS simulator are correct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of DYNA - Ingeniería e Industria is the property of Publicaciones Dyna SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The evaluation of a system to produce electricity based on ethanol and fuel cells was carried out in the present paper. The possibility for steam recovery in various process stages (fuel cell and post combustion unit) was also calculated as well as the potential of thermal recovery. The analysis allowed obtaining the heat released by the fuel cell and the electrical power at different temperatures (823K to 973K) and reagents ratios (5 to 6.5molH2O/molEthanol. The mass and energy balances were solved using modular sequential simulation software (Aspen Plus 11.1) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Thermodynamic analysis of hydrogen production from sugar cane derived ethanol steam reforming was carried out in the present paper. The equilibrium yield at different pressures (1-9 atm), temperatures (300-900 °C) and the reactants molar ratios water\ethanol (2-8) was calculated applying the minimization of Gibbs free energy method. The temperature and reactants molar ratio showed a positive influence on the hydrogen yield; however the increment in the pressure decreases the hydrogen concentration. The conditioning stages (mixing, vaporization and heating) were studied in addition to the reaction to analyze the system quality by means of an exergetic method applying the 2nd law of thermodynamic. The analysis allowed calculating the exergy efficiency and losses to change in the operation conditions (temperature, pressure and water\ethanol feed molar ratio). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most common procedures used to assess the hedonic value of a drug is the conditioned place (CP) which explores the preference or the aversion towards a previously drug paired context. In this paper we report on the different apparatus, procedures and dependant measures used on CP and the main results found using ethanol. Finally we present a CP between-within subjects experiment on rats. The experiment consisted in three phases: (1) Pre-Test, we measured the animal's preference towards both contexts black place (BP) and white place (WP); (2) Conditioning, each animal received ethanol (dose: 0.5g/kg, i.p.) paired with the non preferred context and saline paired with the preferred context on alternate trials. A control group received vehicle in both contexts; (3) Post-Test same as pre-test. In both tests the time spent in each context was measured. The ethanol treated group reversed its place preference, whereas the saline group kept its initial preference. From this study we inferred that under this dose, ethanol has a positive hedonic value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work has as main objective to design and to validate a System of Technological Surveillance as tool for the search of opportunities of business. He/she offers a theoretical analysis on the current scenario: the call society of the information, the insert in this of the administration of the information, and the paper of the administration of the external information in this organization type. The models identified in the state of the art on the systems of technological surveillance and related concepts are also analyzed. He/she intends the general outline of the proposed system, the stages to continue for their implementation, being argued in the techniques that can be used for it. Finally, the results reached in the definition of investigation macroprojects is exposed, for the definition of opportunities of business in the industry of the cane of sugar and for the position of an international thematic net with the participation of 19 countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Investigaciones Agroindustriales is the property of Revista Colombiana de Investigaciones Agroindustriales del Centro Agropecuario Sena Buga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agro Productividad is the property of Colegio de Postgraduados and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Enfermagem Referência is the property of Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agrociencia is the property of Colegio de Postgraduados and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agrociencia is the property of Colegio de Postgraduados and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present work is focused to evaluation of the pretreatment stage of sugar cane bagasse for ethanol production. They were analyzed different alternatives, evaluating Organosolv pretreatment using an acid catalyst. For this analysis a 2K complete factorial design was used; 3 independent variables were analyzed, which are: time, ethanol percentage and liquid-solid ratio. The efficiency of the pretreatment was evaluated through the enzymatic hydrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]