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High difference of inter-arm blood pressure (HDIABP) measurements could predict adverse cardiovascular events. Objectives: To determine the frequency of HDIABP and to describe clinical and demographic factors related to it. Methods: Cross sectional study. A random sample of 211 patients from a public hospital in Lima was taken. Blood pressure was measured three times, simultaneously in both arms with two automated sphygmomanometers OMROM HEM705CP properly calibrated, with the patient seated with at least 5 minutes of previous resting. Clinical and demographic data were collected. Systolic HDIABP was defined as ≥ 10 mmHg and ≥ 20 mmHg, and diastolic HDIABP as ≥ 10 mmHg. Chi square test and Fisher´s exact test were used, as well as the correlation coefficient for qualitative and quantitative data. Results: Mean age was 48.92 ± 16.75 years; 67.3% were females; 23.08% were obese; 19.23% had blood hypertension and 13.42% were smokers. The frequencies of systolic and diastolic HDIABP were 40.38%, 30.29%, 15.88%, 12.98% and 13%, 10.1%. There was correlation between HDIABP and body mass index (p<0.05). Conclusions: The frequency of HDIABP found is similar than that reported elsewhere. We found and association between HDIABP and body mass index, but more studies are needed to determine a true association between these two variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To describe clinical and biochemical features of children and adolescents with recent onset type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Retrospective study that included children or adolescents with fasting glucose above 126 mg/dl, absence of antiGAD and C peptide above 1.5 ng/dl. Patients with previous diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, diabetes type MODY or drug associated diabetes were excluded. Results: Mean age was 14.3 years; 59% were females, and 43% had at least one parent with type 2 diabetes. At the time of diagnosis, the body mass index was 32.8 kg/m2; 85% had acanthosis nigricans and 68% had Tanner stage IV or V. Initial treatment included oral hypoglycemic drugs in 75%, metformin was the most common drug used (64.3%). Only 41% of cases received insulin. Conclusions: Children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes in this setting have a high frequency of obesity, acanthosis nigricans and family history of type 2 diabetes. In general, these patients have poorly metabolic control and receive metformin as initial treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Determine an association of kind of family and family life cycle with the presence of psychosomatic problems in an academic family practice outpatient setting. Methods: Cross-sectional study that involved revision of patient´s charts in an outpatient setting. Results: A higher proportion of nuclear families was found, 41% had at least one psychosomatic problem. No association between kind of family and family life cycle with the development of psychomotor problems was found. Conclusions: Psychosomatic problems are not related with kind of families or family life cycle in an academic family practice outpatient setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To describe the demographic and epidemiological characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus hospitalized with ketoacidosis in a general hospital in Lima, Peru. Methods: Observational study conducted in all patients hospitalized with diabetic ketoacidosis between January 2001 and December 2009 at Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia (HNCH). Patients older than 18 years with diabetes mellitus or diabetic ketoacidosis registered in the database of the hospital's Office of Epidemiology were selected. Demographic characteristics were explored and related to hospitalization. Patients with type 1 diabetes were excluded. Results: 3683 patients were included, 3470 had diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. 206 cases of diabetic ketoacidosis were identified, 60.8 % were type 2 diabetics, the mean age was 50.6 years and the hospital stay was 9.9 days. The associated conditions were infections (42.23 %), cardiovascular disease (13.59%). An associated condition was not identified in 30.58 %. The annual rate of diabetic ketoacidosis in patients with type 2 diabetes increased from 3.58 to 5.80 per 100 type 2 diabetic patients hospitalized annually, with an overall mortality of 8.25%. Conclusions: The frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis in patients with type 2 diabetes has increased, and it is associated with a high mortality rate especially in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Different forms of abusive practices are very common in medical schools and have serious implications on vocational and professional formation. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of perception of abuse in a university in Colombia and to identify associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September to December 2008 in a private medical school. A proportional cycle-based stratified sampling technique and randomized sampling per semester was done. Socio demographic, academic, and abuse-related variables were obtained. Results: One hundred twenty-eight students participated in the study. The prevalence of perception of abuse was 40.6%. The most common type of abuse was psychological (98%) and unjustified critique (10.9%), ridiculing (10.7%), shouting (10%), and discredit (9.5%) were the most frequent manifestations. Professors in preclinical courses were reported as the most prevalent abusers (25.9%), followed by clinical professors (19.8%). The frequency of abusive manifestations was rare (15.8% and 11.5%) in preclinical and clinical years, respectively. The abusive manifestations were most frequent in pathology and pediatrics in the preclinical and clinical years, respectively. Nineteen percent of the victims of abuse reported such to somebody. The main consequences were desire to withdraw from the career (63.2%) and change of career (36.8%). Increased perception of abuse (OR: 4.74 95% IC: 1.9-11.4 p=0.001) was associated during the clinical years. Conclusions: Although abusive practices are more frequent during clinical years, they do not constitute a systematic behavior among medical students from a private university in Colombia in comparison with other studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determinate the frequency between Burnout Syndrome (SBO) and depressive symptoms among residents at a general hospital. Material and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study in residents from Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia (HNCH) during February 2011. SBO presence was measured with the Spanish version of Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and depressive symptoms with the Spanish version of Center for Epidemiological Studies (CESD-D20). Results: We included 84 residents, 60 of them were males and the mean age was 31 ± 4.4 years. Burnout syndrome was reported in 54.9% of residents and depressive symptoms in 38.6% of them. 32.9% of our population presented both Burnout syndrome and depressive symptoms. No statistically association was found between the presence of SBO or depressive symptoms and the number of hours worked per week. Conclusions: The coexistence of Burnout Syndrome and depressive symptoms is clinically important (32.9%) and must be considered for research and interventions to be planned to avoid future complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the frequency of patients with inadequate prenatal care (PNC) and the factors associated with this event. Material and methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study and data was obtained interviewing the mothers, reviewing clinical records and Maternal Perinatal Card between August 2010 and January 2011 at the Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia. We defined inadequate PNC as the failure of the minimum number of visits and schedule proposed by the Ministry of Health. We compared epidemiological, maternal and socioeconomic factors in groups with adequate PNC and non-adequate PNC. Results: We included 384 women, 66.05% received 6 or more prenatal controls and only 7.36% had an adequate PNC. 145 women had her first PNC before the 12 weeks of pregnancy. The factors with more frequency in the non-adequate PNC was a maternal parity more than 2 (p=0.02) and a non-planning pregnancy (p=0.003). Conclusions: The rate of non-adequate PNC was high. Having a maternal parity more than 2 and a non-planning pregnancy were associated with non-adequate PNC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]