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Objectives: To describe clinical and biochemical features of children and adolescents with recent onset type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Retrospective study that included children or adolescents with fasting glucose above 126 mg/dl, absence of antiGAD and C peptide above 1.5 ng/dl. Patients with previous diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, diabetes type MODY or drug associated diabetes were excluded. Results: Mean age was 14.3 years; 59% were females, and 43% had at least one parent with type 2 diabetes. At the time of diagnosis, the body mass index was 32.8 kg/m2; 85% had acanthosis nigricans and 68% had Tanner stage IV or V. Initial treatment included oral hypoglycemic drugs in 75%, metformin was the most common drug used (64.3%). Only 41% of cases received insulin. Conclusions: Children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes in this setting have a high frequency of obesity, acanthosis nigricans and family history of type 2 diabetes. In general, these patients have poorly metabolic control and receive metformin as initial treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To describe the demographic and epidemiological characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus hospitalized with ketoacidosis in a general hospital in Lima, Peru. Methods: Observational study conducted in all patients hospitalized with diabetic ketoacidosis between January 2001 and December 2009 at Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia (HNCH). Patients older than 18 years with diabetes mellitus or diabetic ketoacidosis registered in the database of the hospital's Office of Epidemiology were selected. Demographic characteristics were explored and related to hospitalization. Patients with type 1 diabetes were excluded. Results: 3683 patients were included, 3470 had diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. 206 cases of diabetic ketoacidosis were identified, 60.8 % were type 2 diabetics, the mean age was 50.6 years and the hospital stay was 9.9 days. The associated conditions were infections (42.23 %), cardiovascular disease (13.59%). An associated condition was not identified in 30.58 %. The annual rate of diabetic ketoacidosis in patients with type 2 diabetes increased from 3.58 to 5.80 per 100 type 2 diabetic patients hospitalized annually, with an overall mortality of 8.25%. Conclusions: The frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis in patients with type 2 diabetes has increased, and it is associated with a high mortality rate especially in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the frequency of patients with inadequate prenatal care (PNC) and the factors associated with this event. Material and methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study and data was obtained interviewing the mothers, reviewing clinical records and Maternal Perinatal Card between August 2010 and January 2011 at the Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia. We defined inadequate PNC as the failure of the minimum number of visits and schedule proposed by the Ministry of Health. We compared epidemiological, maternal and socioeconomic factors in groups with adequate PNC and non-adequate PNC. Results: We included 384 women, 66.05% received 6 or more prenatal controls and only 7.36% had an adequate PNC. 145 women had her first PNC before the 12 weeks of pregnancy. The factors with more frequency in the non-adequate PNC was a maternal parity more than 2 (p=0.02) and a non-planning pregnancy (p=0.003). Conclusions: The rate of non-adequate PNC was high. Having a maternal parity more than 2 and a non-planning pregnancy were associated with non-adequate PNC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]