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This study inquiries into the evolution of the concept of Security in the Chilean Defense White Papers published in 1997, 2002 and 2010. This work consists of a conceptual critical analysis of the texts in a comparative perspective. It focuses on five variables: definition of Security; definition of Defense; referent object; sectors of Security; definition of Threat. The results bring into light a process to narrow the reach of the military instrument; an increasing political interest to separate Security from Defense; an inorganic intend to incorporate Human security; and the displacement of Threat as an articulating axis of Defense planning. As a main conclusion, the concept of security evolves significantly according to the Chilean Defense White Papers. The relevance of this issue rests upon the fact that the conceptualization of security delineates the employment of the instruments of defense. The contribution of the study consists of disaggregating the evolution of the concept of Security to further understand the political modifications to the parameters of action of the military instrument in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Historia Contemporanea is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos Judaicos (0718-8749) is the property of Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Filosofia y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios Internacionales is the property of Instituto de Estudios Internacionales de la Universidad de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales is the property of Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia y Politica: Ideas, Procesos y Movimientos Sociales is the property of Departamento De Historia del Pensamiento y de los Moviemientos Sociales y Politicos (Madrid) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Información is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Facultad de Comunicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Chilena de Derecho is the property of Revista Chilena de Derecho and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Chilena de Derecho is the property of Revista Chilena de Derecho and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper reports a study which analyzes attitudes and orientations of a group with growing significance in Chilean politics: people who do not identify with political parties or coalitions. The study was organized around a set of hypotheses derived from Social Identity Theory and previous research on generalized political attitudes. Participants of the study were university students in Santiago (N=1460), who answered a self-administered questionnaire. Results confirmed that those who are politically disengaged tend not to identify with other collective referents: the nation or religion. Their political attitudes are also distinctive: in comparison with people who identify with political parties or coalitions, their political cynicism is higher and their sense of political efficacy is lower. The political tolerance and authoritarianism of this group was significantly different from the levels exhibited by participants identified with right-wing parties and coalitions. Their support for democracy was intermediate as compared to that showed by left-wing and right-wing participants. In general, this group exhibits a clear retraction from basic referents of social identity and social integration. The paper concludes recommending longitudinal studies which can help establishing and characterizing the identity transitions that lead to political disaffection in Chilean politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Argumentation from consequences plays a central role in the justification and critical scrutiny of legislative proposals. With a view to contributing to the ex ante evaluation of legislation in Chile, this paper proposes instruments for analysing and evaluating argumentation from consequences in the general discussion of a bill. The theoretical starting points are the pragma-dialectical theory of argumentation and informal logic. The analytic instrument is an argument scheme to identify arguments from consequences in legislative discourse and reconstruct implicit premises. The evaluative instrument is a set of critical questions to determine the quality--specifically, the sufficiency--of an argument from consequences put forward in the general discussion of a bill. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the impact of the implementation of New Public Management doctrines in Chilean public administration. In this work, three administrative doctrines are presented and linked with three corruption scandals that took place in Chile. The research strategy is qualitative, using a case study approach for data gathering. This paper is aimed at exploring the potential connection between the implementation of these new administrative doctrines and the emergence of deeds that are at odds with public ethics. After presenting these three cases, three alternative solutions to those newly adapted doctrines are presented, which are a better prescription regarding public agencies’ performance in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the experience of a small group of Chilean communists exiled in Mexico in 1948 due to a new law at the time called Ley por la Defensa Permanente de la Democracia (Law for the Permanent Defense of Democracy) that banned Communist Party activities. In their host country, these militants organized international meetings, published books and pamphlets, gave interviews to mass media and held other political activities, while the Cold War began to penetrate Latin America. For this paper, archives and newspapers from Mexico, Chile, and Guatemala were reviewed. Among the main results of this study is the analysis of a recursive policy of exclusion of dissidents by the Chilean State. Additionally, this research questions the way in which the processes implemented during that time in history have been evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the internal divisions of Renovación Nacional during the Sebastián Piñera administration through a series of interviews to party members, congressman and party leaders. Even though the press and the literature tends to explain differences within RN due to the existence of a liberal pole and a conservative pole, current fractures follow a more complex logic. During the last decade party conflicts have been restructured around the party leadership and its democratic appeal (verticalists vs. horizontalists), and around the confrontation between the ruling board (mesa directiva) and the government (larrainistas vs. piñeristas). This new cleavages indicate an internal reconfiguration and repositioning of party leaders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Political violence being a relevant issue of our recent past that is still present in Chilean society, from the approach of the Social Psychology of Memory in this paper we review and discuss some aspects of violence and resistance of the decade nineties in Chile and its relationship with the present. Dealing with this theme it is developed in terms of a Narrative Production made with subjects ascribed to the use of violence as a strategy of revolutionary political struggle during the dictatorship and transition to democracy. The review and analysis of some segments of the Narrative Production realizes the characteristics of the political violence of the period and the forms of resistance to such violence as soon as conceptions that individuals have on the subject and its manifestations today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A central theme in gender-sensitive citizenship research is the need to reorganize the current social and political institutions so as to include “reproductive" work -i.e, domestic and care work- in the domain of duties of the citizen. This article examines this topic from the perspective of social representations on men's and womens contribution to society contained in four pieces of the Chilean legal discourse that specifically address issues of family organization and childcare. Methodologically, the paper is based on the discursive analysis of the written records of the debates held in the Congress on these legal initiatives, complemented with semi-structured interviews with MP s and government officials. From this analysis it is possible to conclude that, despite important advancements, womens citizenship is still represented as contributing to society mainly through care and, more recently, through their contribution towards overcoming poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the various concepts of patronage that were held in Chile after the formation of the Junta Gubernativa of 1810 and the relation with the Holy See in the context of the exercise of republican patronage. The concepts patronage, papal concessions, or sovereign attributions inherited from the Spanish Monarchy were complemented by the Holy See's own concept of Papal Reserve which, starting in 1830, was imposed in Episcopal appointments. In this context, the author analyzes the way Chilean governments executed republican patronage, recognized as a sovereign attribute in the Constitution of 1833. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper seeks to deepen our understanding of the relationship between the social composition of the Chilean political elite and party change. Based on a case study of deputies elected between 1961 and 2005, the article explores factors which have determined party change in the post-authoritarian period, concentrating empirically on transformations in the composition of parliamentary elites with regard to their social characteristics and political trajectory. It is argued that these transformations reflect the tensions that tendencies towards professionalization and democratization have created for Chilean political parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have benefited citizen participation and led to a closer relationship between authorities and citizens. In Chile, the Senate has developed two programs (Virtual Senator and Chat with senators), which allow citizens to be in touch with senators and present them their points of view on topics discussed in the legislative agenda. This paper studies how these programs let citizens engage both in public affairs and legislative-agenda debates. Specifically, it studies how these programs have worked and assesses whether they have been successful or not in accomplishing the legal objective of deliberation, which inspires academic debates on ICT and politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the political events of 2006, featuring the election and assumption of Michelle Bachelet as Chile's President in March, and the death of the former dictator Augusta Pinochet in December. Even though the new Government augured in tune with the citizenship, and despite good economic performance, the political institutions exhibit a growing distrust from citizens, which started early with demonstrations of high school students, and a rollover of corruption scandals. In part, these problems can be seen as the Government's own fault, including a weak cabinet of ministers. However, the main reason for most of the wear away is the current moment of the Concertación, the ruling coalition with 17 years in power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia 396 is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Instituto de Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Universitas Humanistica is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Universitas Humanistica is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Universum is the property of Instituto de Estudios Humanisticos Juan Ignacio Molina, Universidad de Talca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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