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This paper analyses the mediating effect of a company's social responsibility on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance in agricultural cooperatives. This objective constitutes a major contribution in itself. The second contribution made by this paper is the use of three sources of data: a questionnaire on entrepreneurial orientation mailed to agricultural cooperatives in Spain between January and April 2015 (112 valid questionnaires), an analysis of sustainability reports (68 reports), and financial data from the SABI database. The SmartPLS 3.2.3 structural equations program was used to test the data. The key finding of this research is that CSR has a mediating effect on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]