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Population decline and ageing do not only affect rural areas. The aim of this paper is to analyze the demographic trends of the 50 Spanish capital cities from 2002 to 2019. We create clusters of growing, stable and declining cities according to the economic growth period 2014-2019. We then analyze the contribution of natural growth and different types of migration to the growth rate. Finally, we measure the population change by age over time. For this research, a demographic analysis approach has been applied using register microdata from the Spanish Statistical Office-Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE). Our results show a new trend of population decline in 15 Spanish capital cities, 7 of them in the periphery region of Castile and León. While suburbanization was the most important factor of population shrinkage before the 2008 economic crisis, out-migration of young populations to the global Spanish cities and negative natural growth are currently the main components of demographic decline. These shrinking cities have also been receiving fewer migrants from abroad and rural areas, while observing an increase in their ageing population and a decrease in their female population between the ages 15 and 49. Meanwhile, the number of inhabitants in the 11 major capital cities has been rising due to the increase in international immigration since 2014, as it was before 2008, and to a lesser extent by internal migration from other Spanish cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the correlation between the presence and the number of elderly people in households and the labor supply of men and women between 18 and 54 years old, using data from the Argentina Permanent Household Survey for an extended period. Does the presence of elderly people alter the labor participation of men and women at central ages? It is proposed that this is so and that the correlation direction correlation will depend on the contribution they make to the home, or the demand for care they generate. Through the application of traditional multivariate models, it was found that the presence and the number of elderly people in the household is negatively related to the labor participation of men and women at central ages, and, in some cases, it relates positively with the participation of women. The effects on working hours are more elusive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the social roles of older people from a social gerontology perspective; particularly, critical gerontology. Considering the process of growing older as a gendered one, the example of care work is used to argue that an inclusive re-construction of older people's social roles must include a critical reflection on the intersection between gender and ideas on ageing and its potentialities. Such a reflection should include the need of gathering information on the subjective assessment individuals make on what it means to be old, the potentialities of this life stage and the roles associated to it, as opposed to consider older people the passive recipients of public policy aimed at this age group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]