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This paper presents a preliminary model for optoelectronic-encoder that use the property of orbital angular momentum of light to data transfer. The implementation of this technology provides some advantages in quantum cryptography, increasing bandwidth even storing arrangements. This architecture is showed in blocks diagram and a brief mathematical theory to explain the encoder is presented, it uses the wave's paraxial approximation when propagates out of resonant cavities like Hermite-Gauss or Laguerre-Gauss. Three possible techniques allow the generation of the physical quantity of interest, topological charge of the beam, and the subsequent insertion of the data to transmit, selecting the most versatile and showing the main characteristics of both, the incident beam and the beam emerging from the encoder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]