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Isochrysis galbana is a marine microalga which highlights by containing a great diversity of antioxidant biomolecules. It shows a high content of lipids that can be used in aquaculture and biofuel, its high polyunsaturated fatty acid profile such as DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) or for having high fucoxanthin content (carotenoid group). For a century, this microalga is very well known as feed for bivalves, larva of fish, crustaceans, and mollusks. Transesterification is the necessary reaction to be able to derivative the fatty acids in methylated fatty acids (AGM) and thus be able to identify and quantify them. It is a key step to optimize and therefore know the improvement of the obtained fatty acid profile of study biomass. Hence, this work presents the significant difference of eight methods for obtaining fatty acids from the direct and indirect transesterification reaction (MTD and MTI, respectively). Moreover, acidic and alkaline catalysts were also used (AC1, AC2 and AL1 and AL2). The results presented better contents of AGMs (methylated fatty acids) respecting dry biomass in the MTD-AL1 method with ~ 6% and a relative abundance of DHA of ~ 12 % in MTI-AL2. In addition, the most abundant fatty acid profile was MTD-AL2 with 57.66 % in polyunsaturated. On the other hand, thanks to the addition of an internal standard in the experiences, it was possible to identify that the MTD-AL1 and MTI-AC1 methods were the most efficient in the transesterification obtained with ~ 93 % and ~ 87 %, respectively. Therefore, the method that is selected for the correct reading of fatty acids present in any biomass is relevant to detect a profile with more unsaturation as has been purchased with the microalga I. galbana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phospholipids are amphipathic lipids, which are found in all the cell membranes, organized as a lipid bilayer. They belong to the glycerol-derived lipids, showing a similar structure as triglycerides. The current interest of them comes from its effectiveness to incorporate different fatty acids in the cell membrane, as they exhibit better absorption and utilization than triglycerides. In this paper, the bibliographical data published about the benefits of the phospholipids in inflammatory processes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, liver disease and as an antioxidants transporter is reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is reported for the first time the physicochemical and nutritional characteristics of theEbenopsis caesalpinoidesseeds, an underused edible-leguminous-plant from Sinaloa, Mexico. In these seeds were registered: a high content of lipophilic compounds (triterpenes/sterols and fatty acids); the main nutritional components were lipids (274 g/kg b.h.), proteins (271.5 g/kg b.h.), dietary fiber (127.8 g/kg b.h.), α-tocopherol (75.8 mg/kg), copper (12.7 mg/kg), magnesium (2531 mg/kg), manganese (7.7 mg/kg) and potassium (12686.9 mg/kg); the main fatty acids were oleic (619 g/kg), linoleic (122.2 g/kg) and palmitic (94.7 g/kg); proteins with a high content of phenylalanine + tyrosine (99.7 g/kg) and low in sulfur amino acids (14.8 g/kg) and lysine (8.3 g/kg); tannins (8.7 g/kg), phytic acid (3.2 g/kg); and antioxidant activity (ABTS = 23246.6 μmolET/kg). By these properties, consumption ofE. caesalpinoidesseeds could provide health benefits for prevention or management of cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]