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Copyright of Revista Catalana de Dret Públic is the property of Revista Catalana de Dret Public and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ingeniería del Agua is the property of Universidad Politecnica de Valencia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article emphasizes the importance of combining socioecological and social innovation approaches to enrich the emerging concept of socioecological restoration (SER). Through an integrative review of the literature, key elements of socioecological systems (SES) and social innovation frameworks (SIS) were identified to improve both the understanding and application of SER. Despite the recognition of SER as a complex approach to addressing contemporary ecological and social challenges, our review highlights that most traditional approaches to ecological restoration (ER) still focus on technical and ecological aspects, overlooking the involvement of social actors and sociocultural integration. Likewise, our analysis of the literature demonstrates that the socioecological perspective in SER, through SES, can significantly improve it by identifying essential components from both social and ecological dimensions. The early incorporation of these socioecological considerations prevents fragmentation and allows identification of synergies and challenges between communities and ecosystems. Similarly, the integration of the social innovation systems (SIS) framework drives change and facilitates the adoption of social innovations at various scales of socioecological systems (SES), thereby strengthening socioecological networks and shedding light on political and institutional limitations, the needs of social actors and the integration of diverse knowledge systems. This dynamic process of social participation reduces power asymmetries and reinforces the resilience of socioecological systems. The emerging redefinition of SER presented in this article merges the SES and SIS frameworks, moving toward a more comprehensive understanding of SER by considering interactions between natural and human systems. Ultimately, our findings underscore the urgent need to establish new analytical frameworks that deepen the integrated understanding of SES and SIS in SER planning, thus enriching both the theory and practice of ER by expanding the concept towards emerging integrative frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a book by CEPAL that addresses the incorporation of the environmental dimension in the development of Latin America and the Caribbean. The book proposes an alternative development model with a predominant environmental dimension and highlights the need to adopt basic measures to initiate the transition. The importance of considering the environment as a relevant political subject and ensuring citizen participation in environmental management is emphasized. Additionally, it is recommended to apply a comprehensive and interdisciplinary methodology to improve environmental management and define territorial planning based on ecological criteria. The incorporation of environmental policies and the generation of awareness and citizen participation are also suggested. Finally, the importance of promoting agreements on the planning and environmental management of shared ecosystems in the region is raised. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Ciencia, Tecnología y Salud is the property of Ciencia, Tecnologia y Salud and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Many of the contributions of nature to people are embodied or mediated by water. This article explores and exemplifies the spatial representation of the supply and demand of ecosystem services related to water and its application to the different needs of environmental management and policy, with particular focus in the Argentine case. The supply of these services can be mapped by combining different sources of geographic and satellite information supported by pre-established protocols or models. Their demand, even for highly subjective services such as the cultural ones, can be mapped using public photo databases or social networks. Representing supply-demand links often requires spatial abstractions or distortions. One possibility is to discretize the territory into sections and generate an exchange matrix for multiple services among them. Another one is the continuous quantification of the production and consumption of services along watersheds. Representations of 'virtual water' transport associated with the exchange of products can be related to the flow of water-related ecosystem services only if the water sources involved are distinguished (e.g., rain or 'green water' vs. irrigation or 'blue water' for agricultural products) and valued according to the context of the origin and destination. Each spatial representation is better adapted to different environmental management situations. Maps are valuable for land use planning. Exchange matrices are suggested to explore conflicts and cooperation opportunities. Continuous representations of watersheds are useful for evaluating hydraulic or green interventions. Finally, the analyses of virtual water exchange between countries constitutes a valuable element for international negotiations. The representation of water-related ecosystem services is a pillar of nature governance, ideally co-constructed by scientists and decision makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Escaba reservoir is located in Juan Bautista Alberdi Department in the Yungas of Tucumán at about 650 meters above mean sea level. It covers an area of approximately 541 ha, with a storage capacity of 138 hm3. The reservoir is part of the Marapa-San Francisco basin shared between the provinces of Catamarca and Tucumán. Its tributaries are the permanent rivers Chavarría and Singuil together with El Chorro, Las Moras and Huasarroyo, which are rivers with less discharge. It was built in 1943 for multiple purposes including flood attenuation, regulation of flows for irrigation, recreation and tourism promotion, among others. The aim of this multidisciplinary book is to characterize the Escaba reservoir and its drainage basin, considering different geographical and biological aspects to determine the current environmental conditions of the study area. Moreover, it seeks to integrate the acquired knowledge by providing tools that facilitate adequate decision-making on water resources management by government agencies and human communities of the area. This implies proposing concrete actions for a sustainable management of the ecosystem, favoring conservation, protection and/or restoration measures, in this emblematic area of the province of Tucumán. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales is the property of Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales is the property of Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and aims: Restricted self-locomotion exposes plants to stress which promotes adaptation. In the Andean -- Extra-Andean ecotone of Argentinean Patagonia, adaptation has been mainly associated to aridity. In this research, the adaptation of plants to coldness was evaluated based on the analysis of life forms which represent a survival strategy during the unfavourable season. M&M: In Aguas Frías (38° 46' S, 70° 54' W) and Litrán (38° 54´ S, 71° 01' W), the climate was characterized through meteorological information and the vegetation types through a physiognomic - floristic approach. Plants were classified according to species, origin, growth form, and life form, and the abundance of each category was estimated through incidence data. Results: The climate is cold temperate humid to semiarid, and the vegetation belongs to the Patagonian and Subantarctic phytogeographic provinces. The vegetation units comprised forests, steppes and grasslands. Total richness was 148; 139 species were natives and perennials, 122 herbaceous, 143 rare, and 64 belonged to a single unit. The similarity between units was low, and hemicryptophytes dominated the floristic (68%) and the vegetational (56%) biological spectra. Conclusions: The intense environmental gradient shaped the strong compositional and structural variability of the vegetation, and coldness would have been a key factor judging by the dominance of a life form adapted to low temperatures. A better understanding of this relationships is essential for a sound management of Patagonian ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental protection is a priority at the international level and its evaluation a resource to guide timely decision-making. The objective of the present investigation is to design a procedure to establish an organizational ecosystem in the integrated evaluation of the environment. Consequently, the results provided by the procedure contribute to timely decision-making. The methods were applied: historical-logical, synthesis analysis, surveys, interviews, process modeling and participatory observation. The procedure was conceptualized, designed and applied, obtaining informational resources such as: lists, models and reports. Likewise, the workflow designed in the Business Process Modeling Notation was represented for its subsequent automation. It contributed to identify the capacities of human resources related to the evaluation of the state of the environment and the characteristics of this type of organizational ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua (IMTA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sabuco Revista de Estudios Albacetenses is the property of Instituto de Estudios Albacetenses and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to determine the diversity of mites in the farm "Las Piedras", Guanabacoa municipality, Havana Province, Cuba, periodic sampling was carried out between June 2018 and April 2019. In each sampling, 100 simple leaves per plant species were selected, which were examined under a stereoscopic microscope (Carl ZeissTM, StemiTM DV4 model), and the adult mites were clarified and mounted on slides. The corresponding taxonomic keys were used for their identification. The relative abundance and frequency of each species were calculated, the species accumulation curve was made by the Clench equation and the ecological indices by types of ecosystem were calculated. As a result of the inventory, nine families of mites were detected; two of them were phytophagous mites (Tarsonemidae and Tetranychidae), four of predatory mites (Bdellidae, Cunaxidae, Stigmaeidae and Phytoseiidae) and three of mites with varied feeding habits (Acaridae, Tydeidae and Oppidae). The parameters and values estimated by the Clench species accumulation model indicated that the inventory results were reliable. A differential behavior was observed in the relative abundance and frequency of the phytoseid mite species as a function of the management of the ecosystems. The species I. quadripilis were very abundant and very frequent in the undisturbed ecosystem, while E. hibisci and Agistemus sp., were very abundant and frequent in the little disturbed ecosystem. The little disturbed ecosystem, represented by the fruit species, was the most diverse. Among the detected species, I. quadripilis and E. hisbisci stood out for presenting the greatest possibilities of use as biological control agents of harmful organisms in the farm "Las Piedras". This knowledge will make possible to establish the most favorable agroecosystem management practices for the conservation of these important natural enemies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the rate of conjugation of glutathione s-transferase (GST) and the presence of malondialdehyde (MDA), as biomarkers of exposure to pesticides, were determined during two seasons (dry and post-rains) in tissue of aquatic macroinvertebrates (freshwater snails -Pachychilus sp.-) residents of the "Ciénaga de Tamasopo" wetland (San Luis Potosí, Mexico). This was accompanied by a monitoring of the physicochemical parameters in the water of the wetland with a multiparameter probe. The activity of the biomarkers was determined in the S12 fraction (post-mitochondrial fraction) of tissues of Pachychilus sp. employing UV-Visible spectrophotometry methods in a microplate reader. We found a lower activity of AChE (39.0%), a higher ratio of the conjugation of GST (28.5%), followed by a lower presence (25.0%) of lipid peroxidation (MDA) in the dry season in the tissue of the snails. Besides, significant associations were found between the ratio of the conjugation of the GST with the rest of the biomarkers in both seasons, which is the result of detoxification processes in the snails. The activity of the biomarkers could be modulated by salinity, thus regulating the production of antioxidant enzymes and the toxicity of the pesticides used in agricultural areas near this wetland. The snails of the genus Pachychilus sp. can be used as bioindicators of the health status of wetlands, which can lead to the design of management measures for the conservation and sustainable management of these ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agronomía & Ambiente is the property of Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One of the environmentally friendly options for decentralized treatment of wastewaters from communities with less than 2000 inhabitants is the constructed wetlands (CW). These are semi-terrestrial systems with high moisture contents and vegetation with auto-depuration potential. Natural wetlands are mimicked by CW with minimum or even null energy consumption. They can be considered as bio-reactors with natural aeration where emerging plants transport oxygen from air to its rhizomes creating a mosaicofaerobic and anaerobic zones favoring settling and filtration of suspended solids, microbial degradation of organic matter, nitrification and denitrification, phosphates precipitation, and pathogens deathby phyto-remediation. They have low construction, operation, and maintenance costs. Its disadvantage is the required area. Thus, three study cases are presented for horizontal, vertical, and hybrid subsuperficial flow constructed wetlands showing efficient removal of pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The review analyzes the conceptual approach of Socioecological Systems (SSEs) in the environmental sciences. It incorporates analytical concepts and methodologies of multiple disciplines, which can be applied in the concept of SSEs, to generate a holistic and integral approach. Within this theoretical-conceptual framework, we seek for integrate concepts such resilience, adaptability, complex systems, ecosystem services and their relationship with the social system. This approach shows the management of ecosystems, considering the multiple interactions and phenomena that govern their dynamics. This discussion ultimately allows to advance in an interdisciplinary perspective in the management of ecosystems, enabling an integration of the new conditions within an evolutionary, adaptive and changing society, with the need to preserve the ecosystems on which the social and economic equilibrium depends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gestión y Ambiente is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Environmental quality contributes to the physical and mental well-being of the population. In this way, the green areas (GA) of the cities are essential spaces for coexistence, sports, socialization, and recreation, among others. The objective of this research was to determine the environmental conditions of green areas, using indicators as tool for urban management in two cities of Costa Rica. The study area corresponded to the districts of Heredia and Carmen, Costa Rica. The existing GA were determined using Rapid Eye satellite images, 2012 through spatial analysis and remote sensing. Eleven indicators of urban green areas were applied, the species was identified, the height, the diameter at breast height (DBH) and the number of trees in parks and streets were measured. In addition, surveys were conducted to users of public GA, on issues related to accessibility and use of GA. Five types of GA were identified in Carmen and six in Heredia. The percentage of public and private green areas corresponded to 36 % and 64 % in Carmen and 13 % and 87 % in Heredia respectively. The green area per capita (m2/hab) was 24.6 in Carmen and 2.7 in Heredia. Sixty-two species of trees were identified in the Carmen parks and 23 in Heredia. There were 1 105 trees of 61 species in the streets, sidewalks and avenues of Carmen and 278 individuals of 47 species in Heredia. Regarding the existence of riparian vegetation, it was determined that Pirro, Burrio, Torres and Negritos streams maintain 82, 51, 81 and 14 % of margin protection areas in conforming use. Eleven of the public GA's were evaluated, nine presented a high physical accessibility. In both districts, the surveyed citizens indicated the necessity to have more GA, highlighting the recreational, ecological and touristic value of these spaces. It is concluded that the indicators of urban green areas showed that there are differences between the environmental conditions in both of the evaluated cities. In addition, the applicability of the indicators is feasible as an input for the sustainable environmental management of urban ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Already 10 years passed since the declaration of Brisbane in 2007 at the Australian homonymous city where it was agreed, for the first time, the concept of environmental flows. The adoption of ecological and environmental flows ensures the natural share of water renewal necessary for the conservation of ecosystems, for present and future generations, and guarantees the development of productive activities through its efficient use. They recognize nature as the only water supplier. Although their definitions are simple, the major challenge is to accept that the maintenance of ecosystems from healthy rivers, is the basis for human activities development within a watershed. In this way, the ecological and environmental flows are tools built with solid information and based on the consensus among diverse actors for the sustainable management of water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deterioration of the landscape and the ecosystems that are represented in its interior reflect some of the significant impacts of the neoliberal policy. In this sense, the present work has as objective to examine from a sociocultural perspective the indigenous cosmovision of the landscape in order to favor its recognition and social positioning for the care and protection of the Ecuadorian ecosystems. For this, the indigenous Kichwa community is taken as a reference, who, under their ancestral settlement, have maintained a sustainable and sustainable dialogue with the nature that surrounds them. The methodological aspects from the logic of analysis-synthesis and ascension from the abstract to the concrete served as support for the realization of the present study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad is the property of Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Biologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios de Derecho is the property of Estudios de Derecho and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sustainable agriculture is growing around the world and is synonymous with increases in crop productivity based on the efficient use of natural resources and employing an ecosystem and intertemporal approach. This study explores the link between agriculture and ecosystem services on the basis of a case study of the asparagus crop in Ica. It emphasizes the manner in which natural capital supports the development of this crop as well as the capacity of producers to adopt soil conservation and water management practices. The results show that the probability of adopting any such practices increases with levels of education, use of extension services, capacity building, and access to credit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytoplankton Channel El Bordo in Xochimilco was studied during the 2008 rainy season and the dry season of 2009. The objective was to determine the stability of the flora of an area requiring remediation. The results of this study showed a diverse composition of phytoplankton, which highlighted the registration of several species not previously observed in Mexico and specifically in Xochimilco. Monitoring results reflect the physicochemical factors ratio low variation (9-17%), although the intensity of agricultural activities prevalent in the study area. A third result was the identification of a functional group that brings together species that are typical of shallow water bodies, tropical and eutrophic, such as channel El Bordo. The possibility to associate this functional group with a stable state in the ecosystem, which can be applied in remediation is discussed. We find it useful to study communities of urban aquatic ecosystems with a high degree of alteration, since the amount of accumulated knowledge in a region could make the difference between keeping or losing these ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios de Derecho is the property of Estudios de Derecho and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the Canary Islands, the use of so-called diagnostic units, has been widespread in the activity of land usein the last two decades. These diagnostic units were regulated in 1995 by Decree 35/95 of Environmental Assessment (now repealed). Homogenous environmental management units have become a tool for planners. Their validity, problems and advantages are analyzed in this paper for coastal planning and management. In practice, effectiveness of this methodology on the eastern coasts of the Canary Islands and its possible extrapolation to other mainland regions is assessed by checking its validity and effectiveness in nearby Saharan coasts and coastal areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chemical composition ( pH, elements major and minor, % S.B., CIC, % M.O. and N.T) on soils in open areas and forest fir (Abies guatemalensis Rehder ) in a successional gradient was studied. These results were related to vegetation through correlation analysis and Canonical Correspondence analysis. The aim was to show the relationships present between vegetation and soil chemistry through ecological succession in areas of cold climate. The results indicate that the vegetation is composed of 82 species of which 20 are the lower herbaceous layer, 34 the herbaceous layer of the upper, 21 shrubs and seven trees. The chemical characteristics of the soil through five successional stages have only few significant differences and not show a clear tendency to increase according to the degree of ecosystem development. A low percentage of correlations between vegetation and soil chemical characteristics are presented. The correspondence canonical analysis shows that the features that correlate with sites through vegetation are the K, and % S.B. and CIC. One can conclude that the approach of the study of the chemical composition of soils in areas of ecological sequence is complex, especially in high regions where, besides other factors, the temperature and humidity play an important role on the soil-vegetation dynamic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the reproductive period, primary follicles are formed cyclically in the ovary of teleost, which mature and are released at the ovulation time. However, some of them develop a process of atresia with degeneration and resorption, which to be considered a physiological event should prevail at the end of the reproductive cycle. Morphological characteristics of ovaries of Prochilodus lineatus were analyzed for the presence of atresic follicles as indicators of possible changes in their reproductive biology affecting the repopulation of the species. In the ovaries of P lineatus dominated the morphological changes that correspond to the so-called type I atresia, and atresic follicles were observed in fish with low gonadosomatic index who were at the end of the reproductive cycle. Detected follicular atresia could not be linked to a pathological process that causes a decline of the species in the Paraná river ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of different dendroclimatic research projects carried out in three contrasting ecosystems in Colombia. Dendrochronology techniques and densitograms were used to obtain the growth and density chronologies, respectively. Findings showed significant relations between chronologies, local climatic variables, and ENSO, for example: the density of the growth rings of Rhizophora mangle to precipitation; the width of the growth rings of Parkinsonia praecox and Capparis odoratissima to precipitation, air temperature, and sea surface temperature; and the width of the growth rings of Prioria copaifera to the limnimetric elevation of the Atrato River. These results demonstrate the applicability and potential of dendroclimatology in tropical regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO) is the largest mountain range in Mexico, extending along more than 1200 km from northeastern Sonora (30°35' N) ca at the US-Mexico border to northern Jalisco (21°00' N) on western Mexico. It includes part of the states of Sonora, Chihuahua, Durango, Zacatecas, as well as small areas of Sinaloa, Nayarit, Jalisco, and Aguascalientes. Of major ecological and economical importance, with a high biological and cultural diversity, this cordilleran complex is not yet well known. For this area, information about the different vegetation types, their elevational ranges, and the climates influencing them, is presented, as is a map showing the geographical distribution of the vegetation types. The area encompasses a confluence of Madrean, Xerophytic Madrean, and Tropical ecosystems. The Madrean region, with temperate and semi-cold climates, includes five vegetation types: pine forest, mixed-conifer forest, pine-oak forest, oak forest and temperate mesophytic forest, as well as communities of primary and secondary chaparral and montane meadow vegetation. The Xerophytic Madrean region, at foothills and eastern branches of the cordillera, has temperate or semi-cold dry climates and a vegetation of oak or pine-oak woodland and evergreen Juniper scrub, with transitions toward the grassland and xerophytic scrub areas of the Mexican high plateau or even to the subtropical scrub at the southern area of the Madrean Archipelago subregion. The Tropical region, entering the SMO through the deep canyons on the western flanks, has warm, semi-warm, and dry-warm climates and a prevalence of tropical deciduous forest and subtropical scrub, with small areas of tropical semideciduous forest. The high species richness of this range can be exemplified with the three physiognomically dominant genera: 24 species of Pinus (46% of the Mexican total), 54 species of Quercus (34%), and 7 species of Arbutus (100%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad is the property of Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Biologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ecosystem services are configured from potential benefits associated with the functions of the ecosystem services which are specified in real time, are defendants, used or enjoyed, and per saying when society assignes instrumental values. For this review, we assume the classification of ecosystem services proposed in the document The evaluation of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005), which are classified as provisioning services, cultural and regulation. Regulating services are great importance to human welfare, are obtained ecosystems directly, without going through processes processing, such as clean air, maintenance of biogeochemical cycles and disease prevention, among others. then presents a literature review on the trend of regulating ecosystem services, their relationship with the quality of water, air, and biological control biodiversity that, in order to give the reader a precise idea about the relevance of these services and the real benefits that society receives from them, but also, an idea of how they are being altered and that negative impacts on the welfare of the society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tecnura is the property of Tecnura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Fuentes, El Reventón Energético is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Innotec is the property of Laboratorio Tecnologico del Uruguay and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Recursos Rurais is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Wildfires may produce ecosystem damages that would require post-fire mitigation and/or restoration actions. The question is what are the criteria to identify those burned areas that show high degradation risk in order to plan and prioritise restoration projects. To address that question it is necessary to start with the analysis of fire impact, and from that analysis to derive predictive tools for assessing the fragility and regeneration capacity of burned ecosystems. The identification of post-fire degradation mechanisms provides the basis for developing the corresponding specific mitigation/restoration actions. The diagnostic of ecological impact of wildfires together with the established forest management objectives allow deriving mitigation/restoration strategies and the subsequent implementation projects. We present our experience on the evaluation of post-fire ecosystem vulnerability and on the assessment of restoration planning derived from recent and ongoing EC research projects. This includes the development of shortterm restoration techniques suited for degraded soils and dry Mediterranean conditions, where fire-induced degradation is complicated with water shortage for regenerating vegetation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structural characteristics of a natural forest are very important to understand its dynamics and especially to define its structure and composition, which will design a management plan based on the results obtained. The study area is located in the northeastern sector of the city of Popayan is very important to study because of its proximity to the city and therefore the pressure that bears the influence of visitors. This study allows defining the major characteristics of the horizontal structure of a natural forest, identifying species that are part of the same characteristics and abundance, dominance, Frequency and Importance Value Index and the ratio of mixture, allowing the definition ecological importance and degree of heterogeneity of the ecosyste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I show the experience obtained in Mexico and Latin America from the application of the Methodological Framework for the Evaluation of Management Systems with Sustainability Indicators between 1999 and 2005. These are diverse efforts to increase and evaluate the sustainability of agro ecosystems under various conditions, with different constraints and results; in some cases, these include the comparison of contrasting systems and, in others, the changes obtained for the same system under alternative ways of management. All the cases are attempts to make operative the concept of sustainability applied to sustainable development, specifically supported over the experience of evaluating agro ecosystems under the conditions of the Latin American countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In operated areas by the open mining, in Ocujal Mayarí, Holguín province the present study is carried out in order to know how the biodiversity and endemic are recuperated by the flora that it's associated to the cultivated mined sites after the substitution of Casuarina equisetifolia plantings. For the execution it was fell plots of Casuarina equisetifolia (pioneer specie) in the mined areas of 4, 6, 7 and 9 years of age to put in its place the native specie of the site (Pinus cubensis). A detail measurement of sottowood of different replicated plots of Pino was carried out, in which was estimated the quantity of species in different stratum, as the quantity of individual by specie and families and other datums of interest: endemic, distribution and vital form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se presenta una introducción en la que el editor discute artículos en el tema sobre temas incluyendo servicios ecosistémicos en el Parque Mar chiquito, Argentina, reservas de la Biosfera en Buenos Aires, Argentina y análisis espacial de Luján cuenca del río n en Buenos Aires.