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The main objective of this research is to analyse the unique aspects of a karstic system. The River Formoso watershed presents an unbalanced social-nature relationship because of the use of its drainage and its scenic beauty is threatened because of increased turbidity and other signs of pollution. This work analyses and classifies the surface waters in the area according to the Brazilian Environmental Council recommendations (physicochemical parameters and flow velocity were analysed from 36 collection points). The results indicate that waters arriving in this karstic system show chemical concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and carbonate, which account for high conductivity, alkalinity, and low turbidity. However, there is evidence of contamination from monocultures, cattle farms, and urban areas). The results of this research can be useful in three main ways: understanding aspects that influence the water quality of a karst area; understanding the environmental impacts related to the anthropic use of water in the study area; and assisting in the territorial planning strategies of this area - which features important environmental, touristic, economic, and social values for the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the socio-environmental impacts of urban occupation in Parque Alvorada, Itapuranga, Brazil. It was found that native vegetation has been replaced by residential use and irregular channeling of streams. In addition, problems with solid waste management and wastewater were identified, which affect the water quality in the lake. It is recommended to review the municipal master plan and develop a management plan for the area. The study focuses on the urban area of Itapuranga, where the municipal lake is supplied by the stream under study. It is mentioned that the occupation of the area was carried out irregularly and without planning, and the characteristics of the buildings and land use in the area are described. In addition, interviews were conducted with residents to understand the social impacts related to housing. The need for urban environmental management that respects laws and ensures landscape balance is emphasized. Residents claim that street flooding occurs due to the precariousness of the sewerage networks, as the few existing drains are obstructed, making it difficult to drain rainwater. In addition, irregularities in urban occupation are observed, such as construction in permanent preservation areas and the discharge of wastewater into the stream. The development of a management plan and protective measures to ensure the quality of the water resource are recommended. The document provides a list of laws and references related to the municipality of Itapuranga. These laws address issues such as the alienation and disaffection of public assets, the creation of environmental programs, and the technical-participatory diagnosis of municipal development. References to studies on water quality and the influence of urbanization on water sources are also included. [Extracted from the article]

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