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Population decline and ageing do not only affect rural areas. The aim of this paper is to analyze the demographic trends of the 50 Spanish capital cities from 2002 to 2019. We create clusters of growing, stable and declining cities according to the economic growth period 2014-2019. We then analyze the contribution of natural growth and different types of migration to the growth rate. Finally, we measure the population change by age over time. For this research, a demographic analysis approach has been applied using register microdata from the Spanish Statistical Office-Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE). Our results show a new trend of population decline in 15 Spanish capital cities, 7 of them in the periphery region of Castile and León. While suburbanization was the most important factor of population shrinkage before the 2008 economic crisis, out-migration of young populations to the global Spanish cities and negative natural growth are currently the main components of demographic decline. These shrinking cities have also been receiving fewer migrants from abroad and rural areas, while observing an increase in their ageing population and a decrease in their female population between the ages 15 and 49. Meanwhile, the number of inhabitants in the 11 major capital cities has been rising due to the increase in international immigration since 2014, as it was before 2008, and to a lesser extent by internal migration from other Spanish cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Declining mortality and fertility together with increasing mobility are the three faces of the aging process. The profound change in the profile of the inhabitants has modified all aspects of life, both at the individual and family levels and in society. These transformations demand new paradigms, new ways of looking at ourselves in order to understand the changes and design useful strategies in the face of new challenges. This paper aims to contribute from the work-family perspective to help in governance of these challenges. Looking at recent past (socio-demographic transformations and changes in the work-family relationship) serves to understand the world today; and thinking about the meaning of life, dreams, solidarity, loneliness and sustainability of the pension system helps to face its future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper review is to analyse the publications in the area of cerebral palsy and ageing, with respect to type and volume of publications, methodology, thematic areas and age of cut of the sample. The importance of the theme derives from the increase in the life expectancy of this group and its demographic growth, which leads to the emergence of a new group with specific demands to which the scientific community must respond. A search of the main databases and an analysis following the PRISMA method are proposed, in order to make the review systematic and replicable. After the analysis of the publications, the predominance of empirical studies in the medical area, methodological weaknesses common to the research area and the need to carry out longitudinal and psychosocial research that allows an integral response are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the correlation between the presence and the number of elderly people in households and the labor supply of men and women between 18 and 54 years old, using data from the Argentina Permanent Household Survey for an extended period. Does the presence of elderly people alter the labor participation of men and women at central ages? It is proposed that this is so and that the correlation direction correlation will depend on the contribution they make to the home, or the demand for care they generate. Through the application of traditional multivariate models, it was found that the presence and the number of elderly people in the household is negatively related to the labor participation of men and women at central ages, and, in some cases, it relates positively with the participation of women. The effects on working hours are more elusive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power transformers (PT) represent an extensive part of the costs structure in an electrical system, so it must to control its state, its ageing and its remnant life, in order to estimate its present and future condition, which is very important to take decisions in operation, maintenance or investments, stimulating an optimal use of financial resources and ensuring reliability and quality. A failure in the PT isolation causes big troubles, produces high repair costs and important financial losses. It is impossible to take maintenance actions on paper-oil isolation, so it is very important to assess its condition, in order to minimize the risk of failures and outages. The work presents a review of the importance of assess the probability of remnant life of PT and an analysis of state-of-the-art concerning methods for implementation of the assessment of that probability. Authors also express the necessity to find out a method to estimate the remnant life of PT, which allow using all the available information about its state, considering different degradation factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the social roles of older people from a social gerontology perspective; particularly, critical gerontology. Considering the process of growing older as a gendered one, the example of care work is used to argue that an inclusive re-construction of older people's social roles must include a critical reflection on the intersection between gender and ideas on ageing and its potentialities. Such a reflection should include the need of gathering information on the subjective assessment individuals make on what it means to be old, the potentialities of this life stage and the roles associated to it, as opposed to consider older people the passive recipients of public policy aimed at this age group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, bibliography on ageing and old age from a gender perspective is still scarce. Moreover, many of the available studies carried out from that perspective highlight older women's vulnerabilities, to the detriment of their strengths and diversity. This paper attempts to confront such a scarcity. The issue of this research is older women's ageing. It has been approached through an ethnographic study framed within the disciplines of geroanthropology2 and feminist gerontology, and using focus groups with women, participant observation in diverse contexts, as well as interviews to both specialists and chairs of women's associations. Our study renders evident that gender roles played by participants throughout their life courses have had a negative impact on their situation in old age (macro analysis). Likewise, through an analysis of their different trajectories and personal experiences (micro analysis) diversity among these women is stressed. Three main dimensions stand out in the study: structural disadvantages experimented by older women compared with older men; older women's contribution to socioeconomic development through family caregiving; finally, how older women reconfigure their personal project through social participation and the practice of active citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a study of the rural population in the province of Salamanca with the objective of verifying whether during the 21ST century there has been any change in its traditional regressive evolution and its strong aging process, as a result of recent migration processes and the implementation of rural development policies for several decades; or if on the contrary maintains its previous trend. In the latter case, it is worth wondering what will happen in the future with the rural areas in Salamanca. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is the elaboration of an instrument to assess quality of life (QL) of aging persons with disability. It has been applied to a sample of 2.292 persons older than 45 years, from different regions of Spain. The need of QL assessment instruments for this group of persons with disability who are aging will allow us to make valid and reliable measures to plan efficient intervention actions and strategies, and has motivated the creation of this Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ). The analysis of the scale psychometric properties shows high internal consistency, Cronbach's alfa of 0,92. Scale dimensionality offers a hexafactorial solution that tests six of the main QL dimensions, such as, physical well being, social inclusion, emotional well being, personal development and self-determination, interpersonal relationship and material well being. These results give evidence of the QLQ suitability to assess the QL, as it is perceived by the sample of our study, the ageing persons with disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper adopts the Council of Europe political view of care need. This is defined in psychosocial terms and takes place within a socio-medical framework. Obviously, people may be in need of care for a number of reasons such as becoming old or with disability or a combination of both situations. Thus, regardless of these reasons, what appears is a population having difficulties to get by with basic daily activities. Therefore, the bigger the change in the social structures of the living-together, the higher the need of care. Likewise, the less developed the social services, particularly the so-called socio-medical space, the more vulnerable the people in need of care. With respect to the prospects of the 1999 Survey on Deficiencies, Disabilities and Health Conditions, we think that if an efficient National Care Need System is not developed the biological success attained in the past century will be followed by a resounding social failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most hidden forms of violence is the violence against older persons -a highly vulnerable population. It is a phenomenon that has long been silenced, misunderstood and hardly detected. Although professionals know this problem, great difficulties exist to address it. Actually, not much attention has been paid to this problem. Sometimes it is easier to deny events like these than to face them, even if they may become extremely shocking. Experts foretell an increasing number of ill-treatment events inflicted to aged persons owing to the increasing ageing of the population, life expectancy, physical and psychological dependence and the acknowledgement of old people's rights. Social and cultural changes, along with negative stereotypes about ageing, favour age discrimination. The aforementioned factors are an indication that important social changes are taking place that need to be addressed quickly and creatively. As a result, current standards and conditions concerning family care and patterns of family duties are questioned. Therefore, older persons care is not clearly specified in social regulations, as is the case with children. This paper attempts to draw the attention of practitioners, especially psychologists, pedagogues, social workers, etc. about the importance of their role and the need that they get involved in prevention, detection, diagnosing and intervention to tackle this problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]