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Through a quantile regression, it is shown that from 1990 to 2018 the impacts of business investments, dollar debt and the exchange rate are differentiated for the various levels of exchange earnings of a group of Mexican companies. The value of the dollar and foreign currency debt negatively impact earnings, and investments in property, plant and equipment, and net working capital have a greater influence on such earnings. The relationship between foreign exchange earnings and investments in recent, intangible assets and net working capital has not been previously studied. These results can be useful for investment planning as a means of managing the risk of foreign exchange losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The literature on fiscal theory and policy has shown evidence regarding the procyclical stance of public spending in relation to the economic cycle in developing countries, and particularly in the case of Latin American economies. This paper studies the relationship of budget spending and the economic cycle in Mexico for the 1980-2016 period, it seeks to clarify whether the shift in fiscal policy can be characterized as a tendency towards an anticyclical stance. Methodology: To analyze the quarterly seasonally adjusted series of budget expenditure and gdp (at constant 2008 prices), their cyclical components were estimated using the Hodrick-Prescott filter. To explain the cycle of expenditure through the product cycle, a regression was estimated with Markov regime changes in which the state probabilities vary according to the volatility of the product. Subsequently, the time-varying volatilities of both series were estimated as well as their dynamic conditional correlations and the latter were analyzed based on the economic cycle. Results: The evidence is consistent with an expenditure policy that has been both procyclical and counter-cyclical at different times of the period under study, as the previous literature has shown, but in recent years there has been a notable decrease in the emphasis of the procyclicality of the budget public expenditure, which even suggests that fiscal policy has become acyclical. Conclusions: Unless the policy makers act towards other direction, fiscal policy can be expected to remain acyclical and, therefore, budgetary spending will continue to have non significant impact on the management of the Mexican economy cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a Seri narrative text that contains the description of a route by boat to a bay that is on the way to Baja California from Haxöl Iihom (El Desemboque del Río San Ignacio), one of two Seri villages located along the coast of the Gulf of California. The narrator of the text, Francisco Morales Herrera, also provides his audience with a description of the origin of the place name of the bay that is the destination of the trip, An Iquitj Quih An Him Ipácatx 'Where The Pants Were Thrown'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between manufacturing exports and manufacturing sector productivity in Mexico is analyzed. A number of studies suggest that the most productive companies tend to compete more successfully in foreign markets and at the same time these same companies are the ones that decide to export and to channel the necessary resources to raise their productivity rates. In the present document we find that productivity in the manufacturing sector does indeed determine the level of exports in this sector, if investment occurs, or instead, if both are determined simultaneously. Contrary to the findings of Cuevas (2008), in the sense that labor productivity constitutes the principal determinant in manufacturing exports in the case of Mexico in recent years, we present evidence here that the causality between the two variables moves in the opposite direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the uncertainty in this regard, this paper analyzes the most appropriate monetary policy position for Mexico, which aims to maintain the inflation objective without negatively affecting product growth. The value of the neutral interest rate in Mexico for the next five years is estimated based on Taylor's rule and a co-integrated vector autoregression (VAR) model (CVAR). The results suggest that the monetary policy rate is above the neutral interest rate, which, combined with the potential international rate cut, could grant the central bank for almost the entire six-year period a degree of freedom to maintain its rate below the current level; in the short term the current monetary policy rate could be cut by at least 25 points without risking convergence to the inflation target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite technological advances in the world, antimicrobial resistance against Mycobacterium tuberculosis represents a great threat to public health. Worldwide, 20% of tuberculosis cases are multidrug-resistant, and the number of patients continues to increase day after day. The successful treatment of tuberculosis has become a great challenge for global health according to the World Health Organization. This review aims to give a general overview of tuberculosis, including its history, generalities, epidemiology, and treatment, and to give a broader review of new treatment proposals, reviewing their sensitivity, specificity, and reduced numbers of side effects. PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier, and EBSCOhost were used to obtain the main articles describing the research conducted on new drugs to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. The clinical trials for the new drugs used to treat extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis demonstrated good therapeutic regimens and compared the new drugs to identify which of them had more efficacy and less toxicity. The new drugs developed to treat extensively drugresistant tuberculosis that were effective in 85%-90% of patients were bedaquiline, pretomanid, and linezolid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is aimed at developing a stochastic macroeconomic model useful to explain the effects of unexpected jumps in government spending per capita and in demographic variables on per capita economic growth. To do this, it is assumed that the stochastic dynamics of output and population are driven by mixed diffusion- jumps processes modulated by a Markov Chain. The most important results are that extreme sudden jumps in government spending per capita and in the population growth rate impact negatively the rate of per capita output growth. In particular, if there is a sudden sharp jump in the rate of population growth, then capital per capita suddenly decreases impacting negatively per capita output. Finally, the theoretical findings are supplemented with empirical evidence about the Mexican case obtained through a model that takes in account the volatility of the growth rates of the population and the per capita public expense as well as the surprises in the jump intensities of both variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]