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This paper examines the ties between Latin America and Asia by moving beyond the homogenisation of the two regions through elevating the importance of opposition to a third party, in this case an "imperialist" and developed North. In contrast to normative analyses based on outmoded conceptions of world history, it proposes an intellectual exercise that problematises the interregional bond by placing the emphasis on heterogeneities rather than broad bush approaches that ignore the complex and diverse national and regional realities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The frustration in Latin America with neoliberal economic reforms has reawakened a number of debates, especially about inequality (Palma, 2019a) and productivity growth --in 2018, the region's average productivity was just 8% higher than in 1980, equivalent to an annual average growth rate of just 0.2%--. Meanwhile, in the previous cycle, from 1950 to 1980, productivity levels more than doubled, with an annual growth rate of 2.8%. One of these debates is related to the problem of deindustrialization --in particular, the question of whether it is "premature" or if it includes a component of "Dutch disease"--. This paper analyses the role of manufacturing in economic growth, and shows the dynamics of that deindustrialization in high-income as well as middle-income countries. It concludes that the success of emerging Asia is rooted in its ideological pragmatism, which led it in the 1980s and early 1990s to use reforms as a mechanism for strengthening and accelerating their already ambitious processes of industrialization --not for carrying out a "non-creative destruction" of their manufacturing, as happened in almost all of Latin America--. This in spite of the fact that many of the industrialization processes in emerging Asia suffered, in its time, from similar problems to those experienced by Latin American industrialization, if not worse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Spirobolellus has a worldwide distribution, including Asia, Australia and America. In this paper, we describe a new species of Spirobolellus collected in Viñales, Pinar del Rio province between 1941 and 1946. The new species differs from others because it is bigger and the curved shape of posterior gonopodes. Additionally, the sternal process is wide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses Kazakhstan's vision of long-term development and its ambitious goals. After revising the history of the infrastructure projects in the country during the tsarist period and the Soviet era, it sets out the plans of the Kazakh president, Nursultan Nazarbayev, to turn the country into a logistical hub between East and West by 2050. Later, the paper puts Nazarbayev's vision in the context of the political and economic reality of Kazakhstan, focussing, specifically, on how the government's multivector foreign policy fluctuates between Russia's regional integration projects and the Chinese push westwards to develop Xinjiang province along the new Silk Road. As a conclusion, it identifies the multiple goals that may put the future of this plan in doubt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article will analyse factors which, since the end of last century, have made interregional relations very important to understand the world geopolitical and economic order. Interregional relations are defined as those which pertain to relations between regions or between a given state and a given region, or within a megaregion. This evolution results from: the growing demand in the emerging economies and the interaction among them, a new framework of interregional economic relations, and the development of new commercial channels. Finally, this paper will introduce the different articled included in this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper takes as inputs for its analysis the trade flows between Colombia and a selected group of the East Asian countries, the export-import trade for each country, the intra-industry trade taking place in those countries and the Colombian national competitiveness situation. From that infor-mation it is inferred that Colombia is still following the Dependency path which means that trade with the most developed Asian countries may fall in the circumscription of exporting primary sector products. Only if Co-lombia seeks to enter in the intra-industry trade sectors in the Asian mar-kets with competitive products, will be able to diversify its export basket and break the pattern imposed by dependency. Therefore, the priorities for Colombia are mainly achieving high national competitiveness and produ-cing competitive products, but right now competitiveness is still weak and this demands upgrading its competitive factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sacciolepis (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paniceae) is a pantropical genus composed by 23 species, mainly distributed in Africa, with some taxa in America, Asia and Australia. The aims of this work are to test the monophyly of Sacciolepis and to explore its infrageneric relationships. Thirty-one taxa and 80 morphological and anatomical characters, including continuous characters, were analyzed under the maximum parsimony criterion. The monophyly of Sacciolepis was corroborated and its diagnostic characters were discusssed. This paper is the first phylogenetic analysis of Sacciolepis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The basic premise of this paper is that the problem in the agency-social structure or subject-social structure relationship is crucial for understanding the present stage of take-off in the new phase of development or capitalism of knowledge following the recent global crisis of 2007-2009. This expresses the contradiction between neoliberalism, as a political-ideological projection, and a new technological-productive base, as well as the question of differentiation between developed "successful" countries and those that are "backward". Institutionalism and Gramsci's Marxism have offered solutions to the agency-structure dichotomy through very different theoretical approaches, the first seeking to explain the issue of differentiation between countries. Aspects of an alternative explanation are provided here through the Gramscian solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses the approaches and concepts of competitive and comparative advantage models and the principles of economic corridors, including production chains, clusters and conglomerates, to analyze the potential for improved lime production in Peru's northern regions for export to Asia Pacific markets. The first section discusses the relevance of adopting a strategy based on economic corridors as an efficient alternative to combine scale of production and efficient logistics costs, in particular for the Sullana-Tambogrande-San Lorenzo-Ayabaca and Chulucanas-Morropon-Huancabamba corridors. The second section adopts a systemic view of agro-industrial competitiveness to identify the barriers to and ex ante conditions that have a positive impact on lime production, namely adoption of technologies, growers' associations, access to financing, adoption of mechanized planting and harvesting techniques, and others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper of theoretical character the author presents seven hypothesis about the great transformations in international tourism, a) about the changes in the type of persons that practice tourism, b) in the places they visit, c) in the technologies that allow them transportation, d) the changes in the enterprises that provide services, e) the changes in the role of the state, and f) in the international organisms that regulate tourism, as well as, g) in war or peace conditions. Finally the author considers changes in values and motivation that rule tourism as a cultural phenomenon as well as the attitude of the academy in relation to this activity. The author sustains such hypothesis in the globalization theories (Giddens, Castells, Drucker) y worldalization (Wallerstain, Touraine, Fossaert) that allow the explanation of the present situations distinguishing them from those of the agricultural and industrial past from the economy as well as from the political organization and the values and culture of society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]