Search

The study analyses the creation of the Juzgado de Indias and the problems that arise between the first Official of the new institution, Francisco de Vera, and the Cabildo of La Palma, despite the determination with which the local government defended the establishment of the institution on the island, because it was the monopolistic control of commercial traffic between Canary Islands and America. For this work, we use as primary sources the Acts of the Cabildo de La Palma between 1559 and 1599 and the royal papers included in the Archivo General de Indias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The challenge of reducing road traffic accidents and increasing road safety makes it necessary to raise awareness, particularly in young people, about related risks of the drugs and driving relationship. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of the implementation of a prevention program to change young people's attitudes towards drugs and driving, in addition to investigating the relationship between risk perception of drugs use and driving depending on sex variable. A cross-sectional and quasi-experimental study was carried out with a sample of 3,299 young people from Salamanca province. The result reveals a change in beliefs and drugs representation and risk perception in young people linked to the influence of different substances on driving, showing significant sex differences in people's risk perceptions due to the drugs and driving relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cities across the world are constantly growing, and the traffic infrastructure of many of them starts to reach its maximum capacity. Different points of these cities are negatively affected by the vast amount of vehicles that try to access congested zones, and that oftenly makes finding an on-street parking spot where to park a car a difficult task. In this context the ParkIt project is developed, which is a platform that offers real-time information about on-street parking availability. This platform optimises the use of free parking spots, and reduces the incurred delays while in search of them. By knowing the location of available parking spots, users of this platform find themselves less times looking for a parking spot, contributing to reduce traffic in up to 30%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cities across the world are constantly growing, and the traffic infrastructure of many of them starts to reach its maximum capacity. Different points of these cities are negatively affected by the vast amount of vehicles that try to access congested zones, and that oftenly makes finding an on-street parking spot where to park a car a difficult task. In this context the ParkIt project is developed, which is a platform that offers real-time information about on-street parking availability. This platform optimises the use of free parking spots, and reduces the incurred delays while in search of them. By knowing the location of available parking spots, users of this platform find themselves less times looking for a parking spot, contributing to reduce traffic in up to 30%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Traffic and Urban Mobility System (Sistema de Información de Tráfico y Movilidad Urbana - SITYMUR) is a tool used to collect positional data from circulating agents on the roads, in order to generate traffic and mobility information in near real time. This issue raises important technological challenges concerning communications, data processing and publication of the results. This article describes these challenges and discusses the effectiveness of solutions proposed by showing a number of traffic and speed results for Bogotá as well as suggesting possible alternatives for improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the study of non binary Petri nets, its components, ability to model discrete event systems and especially the feasibility and limitations for its programming by using programmable logic controllers (PLCs). A comparison between binary Petri nets and non-binary is made, finding primarily 2 differences: the number of tokens in the states and the weight of the arcs that affect the evolution of the marking. Thus, a method for implementing non-binary on this language is proposed. This methodology is applied to control traffic systems, taking into account the number of vehicles that wait for 2-way cross, to change the time in green and red in every stoplight and optimize the traffic on the intersection. At the end, the results of the obtained simulation in Ladder language are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different strategies for urban traffic control have been presented over time. This paper presents the design of a vehicular traffic model, examining the existing traffic through a serie of traffic lights on a road. From this model the times of duration and phase of the traffic lights are synchronized, using the Adaptive Network Based Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS). The model is simulated and the results are evaluated at macroscopic level with the fixed time model, currently operating in Bogota-Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence or absence of the necessary road sections with visibility distance passing on a two-lane road, affects the quality of traffic flow as it affects the capacity, the level of service, accident and operating speed. Therefore, it is very important that a two-lane road has sections with passing sight distance, equally important is also the formula that indicates how many running meters are needed to perform the maneuver safely and the procedure to be performed to the geometric design planes to the determine the road sections in which there is this distance. In considering the formulations that calculate this distance, there are many variables, of which it is necessary to emphasize on some variables and let other variables fixed, taking conditions in which there is no influence of these. That is why data were taken from the maneuver in which a car passing another car, how many seconds of data used by drivers to overtake in places where other variables such as the slope of the road are not of great importance, because very small. It also discusses Colombian regulations related to the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The count of vehicles is a key task in traffic gauging, as it provides information for designing new roads, and for the control and optimization of urban traffic. Nowadays in cities like Bogota, vehicle counting is done manually, but it can also be done automatically using computer vision techniques. This article presents the development of an algorithm for detecting and tracking vehicles in real time from video. The algorithm allows to count vehicles on the road and to estimate traffic volume or average speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current mobility conditions in Colombia give place to questions about the suitability of the traffic control strategies applied on the Colombian urban networks. Therefore, a review of the control strategies and simulation platforms used in Colombia and around the world is shown. This is done to characterize the level of development of the country, in terms of research and implementation of such control strategies and, furthermore, to formulate proposals oriented towards the improvement of the Colombian urban mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of a fee to manage mobility is widely used by many governments to mitigate the social costs. These costs occur when the demand exceed the road capacity. Moreover, in order to reduce congestion, the fee can generate revenues for strengthening public transport, create infrastructure and implement innovations that improve the mobility of the inhabitants. This article aims to identify the different theoretical, technological and practical aspects also including the opponents of this policy that implies the adoption of this type of solutions to manage the mobility problems in congested urban roads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A survey was conducted for analyzing "pico and placa" measure in Medellin city, using Stated Preference Methods which involve a range of techniques dealing with creation of individual responses about preferences in several transportation means. Laureles neighborhood was the area chosen for conducting the DPM study, since it is one of the areas having the biggest amount of vehicles in the city, so it makes a big contribution to general traffic congestion. It was found that private drivers are not in agreement with "pico y placa" measure, but chaotic traffic in the city is improved with its application. They would rather prefer to share a vehicle with other person (48%) since a private vehicle is a much more comfortable transportation mean. Then they would choose buses (37%), since it is a good service, but lack of safety is a negative factor. 9% would travel to their place of destination in a taxi, since it is a comfortable and safe means; and remaining 6% would use either taxi or metro, though it involves a mandatory transfer when destination is a long distance away. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we describe the implementation of a single-route city-bus timetabling LP model proposed by Riaño [15]. The aforementioned model considers stochastic issues like travel time and demand. A simulation model is also described, which was used to compare results from this model with others proposed in the literature. Preliminar results are promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]