This paper deals with the taxonomic study of soil algae in the surroundings of Buenos Aires (Argentina). Sixty-five species are studied. They belong to sixteen genera of Cyanophyceae distributed in five families and two Orders, and twenty genera of Chlorophyceae distributed in twelve families and six Orders. Among Cyanophyceae the family Oscillatoriaceae is the best represented with six genera and twenty species; among the Chlorophyceae, the Chlorococcaceae with six genera and eight species. The species Phormidium frigidum, Ph. subtruncatum, Ph. rubriterricola, Ph. papy raceum, Hydrocoleum brebissoni, Anabaena fertilissima, Tolypothrix brevis, Plectonema gracillimum (Cyanophyceae) and Chlamydomonas gloeopara, Bracteococcus minor, B. giganteus, Chlorococcum pinguideum, Chlorella fusca var. fusca, Ch. saccharophila var. saccharophila, Ch. zofingensis, Ch. minutissima and Klebsormidium subtile (Chlorophyceae) are new records for Argentina, and so are the genera Coccomyxa, Klebsormidium and Pleurococcus (Chlorophyceae). They are described and the species illustrated. Keys are given for the identification of the orders, families, genera and species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]