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Given the importance that the issue of climate change has acquired in environmental policy, concerns are increasing about the effects of trade between nations of so-called "Carbon Leakage". The objective of this research is to examine the impact of US Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Gross Domestic Product (GDP), trade openness (AC) and the consumption of renewable energy (RE), on carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) in Mexico during the period 1990 - 2019. For this, econometric tools were used. The main results show that the variables are of integration order I(1) and there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between the variables. Long-term models were estimated, demonstrating that there is a positive relationship between FDI, GDP and AC with CO2 emissions, so that an increase in FDI, GDP and AC contribute to the increase in CO2 emissions. And a negative relationship between RE consumption with CO2 emissions, so an increase in RE consumption will help reduce CO2 emissions. The results validate the Pollution Paradise Hypothesis because US FDI contributed to the increase in CO2 emissions, generating environmental degradation, turning Mexico into a pollution paradise country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In September 2020, Xi Jinping announced China's commitment to reaching maximum carbon emissions by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. This work aims to analyze the objectives and scope of these announcements, focusing not only on China's intention to present itself as a global leader in environmental matters, but also as a spokesperson for emerging and developing countries. At the same time, this announcement will be framed as the continuity of a state policy on environmental matters carried out since the 1990s, in line with the rise of China's international prominence. To do this, official documents and sources will be used, and it will be contrasted with the literature on the subject. Finally, it is proposed that the announced objective can be achieved, but under certain specific conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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