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Campos del Tuyú National Park, located at the southern part of the Samborombón Bay, is a protected area created to promote the recovery of an endangered species, the pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus celer). Previous studies suggest that deer protection is related to the availability and nutritive value of forage provided by Celtis tala and Spartina densiflora communities, both preferred as feeding habitat. With the aim of enhace forage offer for pampa deer, specific management practices were designed: a) high intensity biomass defoliation in late summer followed by cattle exclusion from March to August in the Celtis community of the neighbor cattle farm, and b) periodic biomass defoliation of the Spartina densiflora Brongn community in the protected area. Defoliation in late summer followed by cattle exclusion from March to August in the Celtis community promoted the establishment or increased the contribution of the native cool-season grasses Bromus catharticus, Bromus auleticus and Elymus scabrifolius and warm-season grasses Bothriochloa laguroides and Paspalum dilatatum, and the legume Melilotus officinalis. Periodic defoliation of the Spartina densiflora community during its growing period increased the contribution of the native cool-season grasses Elymus scabrifolius, Chaetotropis elongata and Phalaris angusta and of the legume Melilotus officinalis, while decrease basal cover of the cordgrass Cortaderia selloana. Forage value increased in both communties because grasses and legumes species of high nutritive value increased their contribution, while herbaceous species of low nutritive value decrease their proportion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To determine the effects of daily forage allowance variations on production and milk quality. Materials and methods. This study took place in five commercial farms and included two periods of observation. The daily forage intake was estimated through agronomic difference, measuring the daily area of allowance with a GPS and using the Doubled Sampling Technique to estimate biomass yield and the remaining herbage after pasture defoliation. Variations for each parameter were estimated within and between farms in order to determine its magnitude, relationships between daily herbage allowance and forage intake, and its influence on milk yield and composition during both periods of observation. Results. There was an association between daily herbage allowance and variation on daily forage intake (r² =0.65) as for variation on daily milk yield (r² =0.45). Daily variation on milk fat showed no direct relationship with daily herbage allowance, but its values were associated with forage to supplement ratio (r² =0.52). Relation between daily variation of milk protein and daily herbage allowance was low (r² =0.17), but higher between protein concentration and forage dry matter intake (r² =0.34). Conclusions. The results suggest that variation on daily herbage allowance explained largely the variations on dry matter intake, leading to a direct effect on milk yield, but explain little the variations on milk fat and milk protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The effects of grazing and breaks resting were analyzed regarding the floristic richness, the production of the dry matter and forage coverage of a degraded pasture from the Parana River Delta. The study covered 13 months, divided into a first sub-period with three treatments: continuous grazing with high load (1 equivalent cow.ha-1), closure with bimonthly cuts of vegetation, and closure without cuts, and second sub-period with: waterlogging and without closures. Vegetation data was analyzed by multivariate methods. According to the results, in contrast to continuous grazing, two-month rests covered completely the soil, increased native species richness, forage species of spring-summer-autumnal growth appeared and improved the offering of dry-matter in this growing season by 22,5 %. It is possible to favor values of the studied variables of the pasture and to improve the forage offer with proper management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper presents a descriptive and evaluative analysis of the productive and environmental of SPSi with Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit, emphasizing the nutritional quality, biomass production, voluntary intake, animal productivity and greenhouse gas emission aspects. For such purpose, a bibliographic review was made about the studies in the last 15 years, concerning animal production systems under tropical conditions, stressing the ones conducted in Colombia. It was noticed that the forage offer in SPSi with leucaena has a protein content higher than 22 % and a lower fiber content (20-30 %) with regards to most tropical pastures. Additionally, leucaena has the capacity to withstand intense browsing, and its presence increases plant and animal productivity. The animals produce at least two or three times more meat and milk ha-1 year-1 as the result of a higher nutrient intake and higher forage offer, because with this legume the dry matter (DM) intake can be 1,3 times higher than the one observed in conventional systems, and the forage production can be from 5 to 18 t DM ha-1. On the other hand, the inclusion of L. leucocephala allows to decrease the enteric emissions of CH4 in amounts close to 20 % per kilogram of produced meat or milk and per kilogram of consumed dry matter. Compared with the traditional systems, in the ones in which L. leucocephala is included, the efficiency in production is increased and the negative environmental effects of animal husbandry are decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Bovine production in Colombia is characterized for its low production indicators, because pastures are of low quality and the grasslands has an extensive management. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of a silvopastoral with Tithonia diversifolia, and Urochloa brizantha cv. Toledo associated with Urochloa humidicola, on the productive parameters of BON x Zebu heifers. 24 heifers BON x Zebu with an average age of 15,81 ± 2,05 months and 183,95 ± 33,45 kg of weight, were distributed randomly in two treatments, a monoculture with Urochloa brizantha cv. Toledo associated to Urochloa humidicola, and, the silvopastoral with Tithonia diversifolia. The dry matter production and the consumption was estimated in both treatments. Also, the weight, weight gain, body height, heart girth and body length were evaluated in the animals during two rotations. Significant differences were found in the silvopastoral system for the production of dry matter, weight gain, the weight, and body height (p = 0,05). It was concluded that silvopastoral systems are an alternative to improve the forage offer and the performance of heifers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In order to evaluate the effect of defoliations on forage production, structure and efficiency of radiation and water utilization of Digitaria eriantha Steudel spp. eriantha cv. Irene, a trial was conducted at the National University of San Luis, Villa Mercedes campus, -San Luis, Argentina-. Three defoliation treatments were evaluated: cycle end (CCC), in mean leaf lifespan (CMLL) and at fixed time every 30 days (CFT). There were significant differences in forage production, total mass and number of cuts (p < 0,05) for CMLL, cCc and CFT (1 100 g DM/m²; 912,693 g DM/m²; and 4, 1 and 6 cuts, respectively). The high frequencies altered the vertical structure, by decreasing stem production; and the horizontal structure, by increasing the tiller density, with lower total biomass production. CFT improved L/S (CFT: 45,45 vs. CMLL: 16,13) and increased tiller density (CFT: 3 773 vs. CMLL: 2 264 tillers/m²). CMLL did not show alterations on the horizontal structure, but the interception (CMLL: 0,85 vs. CCC: 0,97) and radiation capture were weakened with regards to CCC; nevertheless, it generated high leaf production which allowed to maximize the efficiency of water and radiation use (1,38 g DM/m²/mm and 1,30 g DM/MJ, respectively). Defoliation management influences the crop structure and has incidence on the forage offer. Managing forages under morphogenetic concepts induces a balanced utilization of production and quality, and improves the efficiency of the use of environmental resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Peruvian Journal of Animal Science / Revista Peruana de Ciencia Animal is the property of Peruvian Journal of Animal Science / Revista Peruana de Ciencia Animal (RPCA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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The objective of this study was to analyze the potential use of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray (Mexican sunflower) in dairy cattle feeding in the Colombian high tropics. Key terms were chosen to search for information and from them this we discussed and analyzed several publications, allowing an approach to the problem proposed. It is common that in the high-tropic dairy farms of Colombia the main component of the cattle's diet is the Kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum). Given its characteristics of high levels of Nitrogen, low levels of fiber and dry matter, it is common that this diet causes a negative energetic balance in the most productive cows. In order to sustain production in those cases, sometimes it is required to supplement the forage with commercial rations, which have high protein levels, and are mainly composed by cereals. The nutritional requirements of these production systems demand strategies that allow the improvement and quality of fodder offer, and to reduce the dependence on commercial rations or at least to ease the inclusion of others that improve animal performance. From this analysis, the benefits and potential use of T. diversifolia in feeding high producing dairy cows were recognized. Considering the content of protein, soluble carbohydrates and tannins, the forage of this shrub may have a positive impact on intensive dairy farming systems and could have potential to be incorporated into dietary supplements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Veterinaria is the property of Universidad Nacional del Nordeste and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Veterinaria is the property of Universidad Nacional del Nordeste and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The offer and use of the corn grass as a deferred forage during fall and winter with fifty steers was evaluated trough the average daily gain weight. The work was done in a farm close to Villa Mirasol town in Quemu Quemu Department, La Pampa province. The grazing system was in 10 days fringe assessing by the availability of grass and a daily allotment of 3.7% of body weight per animal. The use of the foodstuff was 70% of grain and 35% of plant once the steers has finished the fringe with a daily weight gain of 0,432 kg. The assay showed satisfactory results and high plasticity, since the buildup of the paddock with electric fence requires low personnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the western Chaco region the suitability for cow-calf operations of areas dominated by shrub thickets of Acacia, Celtis and Prosopis ('fachinales') is reduced because of their low carrying capacity and poor accessibility. Our objective was to assess the effect of practices commonly used to increase the standing forage of 'fachinales' on some indicators of soil quality (bulk density, total soil organic carbon, respiration, particulate organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon and dehydrogenase activity) at three range sites of the Chaco region: upland, midland and lowland. The treatments applied were roller chopping, roller chopping plus seeding of Panicum maximum cv trichoglume cv Green panic, roller chopping followed by prescribed fire and controls. Bulk density, total soil organic carbon, particulate organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon were not altered by the treatments. A higher dehydrogenase activity was observed in the lowland site, irrespective of treatments, probably due to a greater soil water content. Soil respiration increased in the upland site in all treatments, probably because of the modification of soil microbial activity, attributable to the stimulation produced by the root exudates of green panic, native grasses and forbs that appeared after the treatments. In general, soil quality indicators were not significantly affected by treatments, a fact attributed to their 'low' intensity of application. However, there was a significant effect of range site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia is the property of Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Abanico Veterinario is the property of Sistema Superior Editorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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The object of the present work is to determine the anabolic utilization during the fattening period in Argentine Dutch males. In order to fix the possible benefits of this practice carried out by dairy breeders, 60 castrated male calves divided into three groups were used: the Control Group, which received no treatment, the Proferm Group., treated with 36 mg Proferm® and the FEV Group, receiving 5 ml F.E.V.® at the beginning of the fattening period. The total average weight gain obtained at 200 days was used to evaluate the animals' development. The calves treated with Proferm got an additional weight gain at 200 days post-treatment (p<0,01); n=20, while those treated with F.E.V. obtained a non relevant weight gain (p>0,05); n=20. These results show that it is advisable the use of Proferm during the fattening period since the effect of the anabolic will be reflected later in a slight shortening of the fattening process, even though the calves gain weight below their potential in variable forage demand situations. On the contrary, the use of F.E.V., is not recommended under the conditions of this essay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]