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This research explores and discusses the visual symbolic imaginaries generated by four artificial intelligence (AI) programs regarding the Mexico-United States border. The visual production hinges upon six key concepts that emerge from the general theme: “Most relevant symbolic imaginaries of the wall, violence, woman, childhood, inequality, and migration related to the Mexico-United States border.” The AI programs used to produce the images are Midjourney, Leonardo.ai, Stable Diffusion, and Dall-E 2. An experimental methodology defines the key concepts and symbolic imaginaries at the border between the United States and Mexico through ChatGPT 3.5. The images have been obtained by translating the written concepts into images using such programs. The generative image programs are conceptualized based on the aesthetic apparatus theory and the posthuman vision. The images are analyzed using the theory of social, cultural, and symbolic imaginaries. The analysis reveals ideological biases and aesthetic tendencies in the visually synthesized symbolic imaginaries and rhetorical regimes of the Mexico-United States border through generative image production programs. It also builds a critical-sociopolitical perspective on three main aspects: a conceptualization of generative image programs as techno-aesthetic apparatuses, a reflection on the creative construction processes of visual discourses produced by AI devices, and an examination of the ideological and aesthetic biases of the images understood as techno-aesthetic objects obtained from this visual production technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article focuses on the analysis of some contemporary Mexican literary works, in which the southern or northern geographical border of Mexico is represented as a counterhegemonic, violent, and geopolitically vulnerable space. For this purpose, the novels 2666 (2004), by Roberto Bolaño To the other side (2008), by Heriberto Yépez; The Scorched Lands (2015), by Emiliano Monge, and the testimonial collection of poems The Central American Book of the Dead (2018), by Balam Rodrigo will be reviewed in particular. In these texts, the border is configured as a territory of multiple sociocultural relations and economic transactions, in which particular values and interests are conditioned by the laws of the market. In each of these texts, drug trafficking is present directly or indirectly, who controls, manages, or eliminates everything that seems useless. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article expands on David Garland's proposal that punitive practices are influenced by logics of (in)sensitivity, shaping how punishment is conceived and applied. It argues that (in)sensitivity is not a mere peripheral aspect of punishment but a central element thereof. Drawing from this premise, the article elucidates the most prominent features of Garland's proposition, highlighting the conceptual framework it builds upon. Based on this foundation, the discussion branches into two closely related directions. Firstly, it analytically explores Garland's contribution, explicating the depth underlying notions of meaning and sensitivity; a development that will underscore the significance of corporeality in fully understanding the imposition of punishment. Secondly, this analysis will be projected onto the context of the current discursive hegemony of security and, more specifically, in the specific manner it manifests in the regulation of migrant mobility. The undeniable preeminence of securitized borders will thus become the fundamental space of analysis to project Garland's proposal regarding an underlying (in)sensitivity permeating the imposition of punishment. Within this context, it asserts that migrant bodies crossing the border endure punishment, yet their suffering lacks empathy within the security discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Border Cantos (2016), a collaboration between experimental composer Guillermo Galindo and photographer Richard Misrach, delves into the multisensory narratives of migration along the US-Mexico border. Misrach's photographs capture the landscapes and traces of bodies crossing the border and their arduous journeys. In parallel, Galindo transforms artifacts and debris from the border into sound objects, creating compositions that echo and reinterpret the experiences of migrants. The chants, rhythms, and visual narratives of this work deeply resonate with the stories of those crossing the border in search of safety, opportunities, or reconnection with their loved ones. In this article, my analysis focuses on the complex interplay between sound and image in Border Cantos, contextualizing it within the broad landscape of Latin American artistic expressions. I highlight the role of singing in reference to the Mexican cantares and Ezra Pound's Cantos as a living archive that captures and transmits alternative narratives. I analyze the canto as a transformative medium, seeing it not just as repetition but as a continuous and amplified rhythm of breath. I argue that Border Cantos and its nuanced representation of singing expand our understanding of migration stories, our notions of artistic expression, and archival imaginations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is aimed to analyze, from a human rights-based approach, the experiences of persons in precarious human mobility facing the Argentina’s border closure due to the COVID-19 pandemic. How was the experience of arriving, leaving and in general, transiting with formally closed borders? Based on literature and public documents reviewing and interviews to key-informants, this contribution gives account of the initial waiting at borders and both of the difficulties and strategies to enter and transit, even in a regular manner, to thus assesses the experience from the State’s obligations arising from the human right to migrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this article, the author Gabriela Becker Pinto addresses institutionalization in the border area between Brazil and Uruguay in the context of the consolidation of a Regional Citizenship. The objective of the research was to investigate the possibilities of institutional and legal development in this border area. It is concluded that the border between Brazil and Uruguay is a geopolitically privileged area and that its institutional utilization enables the emergence of greater dynamism for regional integration and the functioning of Mercosur. The importance of regional integration in Latin America, specifically in the borders between Brazil and Uruguay, is highlighted, and the efforts made to improve the quality of life of the populations in the border areas are mentioned. It is concluded that these projects have significantly improved the quality of life in the border regions and have strengthened regional integration and Mercosur. The article also analyzes borders as territorial limits and places of identification, and highlights the importance of peaceful conflict resolution and the role of Regional Integration Law and Human Rights in integration processes. The Mercosur Citizenship Statute is mentioned, which establishes rights and benefits for citizens of the Mercosur Member States, including border integration. Additionally, the Legal Statute of the Brazil-Uruguay Border is mentioned, which regulates integration in the border area between these two countries. In conclusion, the borders between Brazil and Uruguay represent a laboratory for improving regional integration and creating a regional border citizenship. [Extracted from the article]

The problems that affect Venezuelans today have a clear objectification in the border spaces that have been established around the territorial limits between Venezuela and Colombia. This has demanded, on the part of the Colombian government and some nongovernmental organizations, the creation of political and social projects that safeguard the life of the Venezuelan and, in general, of all inhabitants who live in these areas. However, the political edge in relation to a project that is consolidated around the theme of fraternity, has not yet been articulated. All of which raises the question of what one needs to understand and know to articulate a project of this caliber. One of such things is to know how the intercultural process occurs and how border spaces are articulated or function around territorial limits; which would allow us to know how such a project is possible. In this sense, the article addresses the entire theoretical-conceptual issue about what we understand by limit and border, and the way in which cultural interaction occurs in border spaces; realizing how such interaction is essential for fraternity to be possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In criminology, various theories are used to develop interpretations; many come from sociology. One of them corresponds to the model of Concentric Circles, proposed by Ernest Burgess in 1925; forming part of the ecological approaches coming from the Chicago School. It sought to explain the social divisions of the space around the city center and although it received harsh criticism, it must be recognized that there are very valuable elements in the model, which are rescued with this research. The objective is to describe the situation on the border strip between Brazil and Venezuela, specifically in the Pacaraima municipality; which is assumed to be Zone Number 2 of the Burgess model, also called Transition Zone. Locating it in the place where the arrival of Venezuelan migrants occurs; that is, on Brazil's federal highway BR174, starting at the border - commonly called "The Line" - to the height of the La Casa Blanca inn hotel. In this area and its surroundings, there are people living in tents on public roads; some in United Nations shelters and others joining Brazilian criminal groups such as the "Primeiro Comando da Capital" (PCC) and the "Comando Vermelho" (CV). The article captures the complexity of the social interactions that occur on that border. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Many writers have used the labyrinth as a game between reality and fiction, or between fantastic and everyday space. However, what happens when a known space is seen to be violated, being transformed into a great labyrinth that traps the characters and changes their reality and their lives forever? One possibility is the transformation of "places" into "spaces," since violated places lose all their previous identity. The present work aims to analyze the relationship between violence and the space of the northern border in the novel Laberinto (2019) by Eduardo Antonio Parra, since it shows a part of the most current reality of this place that, due to violence, has become a strange and inhospitable space for its inhabitants. For this, the concept of violence is approached according to Benjamin, Astorga Almanza, and Hurtado Heras; and those of space and place, according to Westphal, Ryan, Foot and Maoz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to analyze the duality that exists in how the States approach the current Venezuelan migration in the region between the humanitarian perspective and the securitist perspective. From the definition of Venezuelan migration as a "crisis" and forced displacement the result is the increase in more restrictive border control measures, the increase in irregular entry and humanitarian aid to those who are in extremely precarious and vulnerable conditions, unresolving irregularity or the consequences that this situation has on people who arrive to Chile. The article takes the case of the border between Chile and Bolivia and the increase of unauthorized crossings at the Colchane border and is based on the results of two investigations carried out during 2021, the first based on qualitative interviews and field observations, and the second based on survey results and field observation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed the relationship between the perception of an environment of illegality and people's non-normative behavior (anomie) regarding the crime of smuggling in the Department of Norte de Santander (Colombia) and in the State of Táchira (Venezuela). Data collected during the first half of 2022 from two population samples were analyzed: n = 2 385 persons in the Department of Norte de Santander and n = 1 398 persons in the State of Táchira. A hypothesis test was used, with the independent variables being the respondents' age groups and educational level (heads of household between 18 and 69 years old). The results show the existence of smuggling as a practice socially accepted by many citizens even though it is a crime, which is increased by the deterioration of commercial exchange between Venezuela and Colombia, the unilateral closing of border crossings, and therefore the deterioration of the quality of life of citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration in the present can be understood as a phenomenon that calls for the emergence of new forms of human solidarity that, in the medium and long term, question the ontological foundations of contemporary Western society. The objective of this writing is to capture how in contexts, spaces and territories -in which two migratory expressions develop simultaneously- a field of articulation, tension, negotiation and struggle is produced in which the politicization of the daily life is possible through of imagination and patience as political practices. It is through daily learning and intersubjective interaction how migrants transform moments of waiting into raw material to manage conflicts over the way they exist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Based on the contributions of Peruvian theorist and critic Antonio Cornejo Polar on narrative heterogeneity, this paper proposes an interpretation of Valeria Luiselli's most recent novel, Desierto sonoro (2019). In this text I postulate that, without undermining the explicit sources which the novel alludes to and recovers, it is possible to link it to a deeply rooted narrative tradition in Latin America: that which represents sociocultural otherness. The tensions between the referent (the Chiricahua tribes of the 19th century and the children who cross the border into the United States in the 21st century) and the narrative perspectives that present the events involve different displacements (of characters, knowledge, diegetic levels, and narrative points of view) oriented to the representation of a harmonious encounter between two opposing sociocultural groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the governmental measures implemented by Chile and El Salvador during the pandemic to manage the repatriation of their nationals and resident citizens who were stranded abroad due to the closing of borders, a decision imposed by governments worldwide as a measure to contain the health crisis generated by COVID-19 in their territories. The restriction to the freedom of movement of people across borders caused in several countries of the region an additional humanitarian drama to the devastating effects of the global health crisis, so this paper examines this problem from the coverage given by the Latin American media to the repatriation processes of Chileans and Salvadorans as case studies, through a qualitative documentary analysis of the news about the main difficulties and consequences generated by this humanitarian drama. An important conclusion of the study recognizes the relevance of the administrative, logistic, and communicational capacity that the diplomatic missions of Latin American countries should develop, as well as the preeminence of human rights in international relations in order to face more responsibly the migratory crisis caused by the closing of borders for sanitary reasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the experiences of restricted mobility of Venezuelan migrants on the border as a result of government measures to cope with the pandemic in Colombia and Venezuela. Using a qualitative methodology based on semi-structured interviews conducted between May and September 2020 and a documentary and hemerographic review, it was observed that in Cúcuta and its metropolitan area a mobility/immobility dyad developed that led to Venezuelan migrants being trapped in both territories. In the midst of being trapped, the border deepened the logics of differentiation between citizens and migrants, and the construction of the other as a threat, in this case of contagion within the two countries, being victims of the processes of securitization and sanitization as strategies of reaffirmation of sovereignty. Likewise, the COVID-19 pandemic worsened the creation of a restrictive and immobilizing border where before a territory of permanent exchange was shown and migrants have become a subject of dispute in the tense international relations between the Venezuelan government and the countries of the American continent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban violence derived from the absence of planning, land use and sustainability strategies for the development of cities has had an impact on the dignified life of the habitants of these territories, especially historically violated populations. Gender-based violence, present in all social contexts, is reflected in the urbanization of spaces, that develop processes of discrimination, exclusion and insecurity manifested in the thousands of disappearances of women and girls, as well as feminicides over the last thirty years in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. In this way, the neoliberal policies of making a city, contribute to the murders of women and girls in the public space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nueva Revista del Pacífico is the property of Universidad de Playa Ancha de Ciencias de la Educacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)