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Fisheries management in northwestern Mexico must fully recognize fisheries as part of socio-ecological systems. This study describes the evolution and status of fisheries management, including the interaction dynamics of management institutions with conservation organizations, and highlights the opportunities and challenges involved in achieving ecological and social sustainability. In this context, recognizing artisanal fisheries as a social, as well as economic, activity would facilitate the evolution of governance and management systems towards greater alignment with social objectives. This approach allows us to fully address key issues, including the challenges that indigenous fishing communities face and the expected impacts of climate change. The scientific knowledge and experience accumulated over five decades provides a significant capacity to develop new strategies for transitioning towards greater system sustainability. The success of this process will depend on the ability to consolidate a unified vision of desired benefits, particularly for fishing communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]