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The economic situation in Spain during the first half of the year 2022 was characterised by a rise in prices which had a major effect on fuel prices. Within the framework of crisis communication management, this article discusses the strategies followed by the main companies in the fuel sector on Twitter by using the content analysis method. The results show that silence was the main position adopted by these organizations. This reflects the absence of proactive crisis management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media are already part of the communicative routines of most organizations, including communication agencies. Nevertheless, given their duty to serve other companies, these agencies should have an advanced understanding of these platforms, not only in their most profound sense but also in a time-advanced one. In other words, agencies should test emerging social media with the aim of knowing them in-depth and determining whether they serve their communicative purpose. It should be noticed that investment in digital advertising and actions with influencers are greater and greater. Besides, they are platforms that not necessarily remain unalterable, but some of them achieve their life cycle, even disappearing. On this matter, it is necessary to check if agencies really are working on the most recent social networks or only on those which are already consolidated. For such a research, the quantitative method, based on the content analysis, was adopted within a descriptive study. It was used on a sample of the ten communication agencies with the highest billing which operate in Spain. As secondary research objectives, it was considered to analyze the use that agencies do of social media which they are present in, to determine the existence of online content strategies, as well as to value the interaction level of these companies on online channels. The results show that most of analyzed agencies offer web 2.0-related services, such as digital strategy, online content management, monitoring and influencers relations. Social media talking, except for a few cases, communication agencies prefer to maintain a presence on the most consolidated social networks (Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn and YouTube). Furthermore, those are the ones that usually have links on their websites. This does not mean that agencies do not use the more recent applications, but that, mostly, they do not do this for their benefit as a brand. Otherwise they keep them in the background. In fact, some agencies use current platforms, such as Twitch or TikTok, publishing suitable content to their characteristics, which means that agencies know their possibilities, although their use is not still usual among them. Among the commonly used social networks, the activity of these agencies remains along the lines of what has already been concluded in previous academic papers: the purpose of information dissemination prevails with a self-promoting role. Communication agencies keep their social profiles updated and, during the month of research, they constantly published content, especially, information about themselves or about the communication sector, followed by news of common interest, clients news and projects carried out. Finally, although they published content frequently, the interaction with other users is low and, when it happens, it usually has, as mentioned, a self-promoting intention. In conclusion, communication agencies, as other kinds of organizations, are used to introduce social media work in their routines. However, it cannot be said that they are early adopters, at least to self-use. Probably, public relations professionals are researching and going deep in these new platforms, but in a private way, so agencies cannot, or prefer not to show their know-how by doing it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fonseca: Journal of Communication is the property of Revista Fonseca Journal of Communication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Área Abierta is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Terrorist attacks have a negative impact on destination image, affecting their tourism demand and generating a crisis in the tourism sector. The objective of this article is to investigate how the Destination Marketing Organizations (DMOs) of London, Manchester and Paris managed the crisis during and after the terrorist attacks of 2017 from a Public Relations perspective. A content analysis method of the tweets published in the official account profiles of said destinations was carried out during the 30 days that followed the terrorist attacks. Based on the existing literature on crisis communication, an analysis template was developed that analysed the timing, format and content of the tweets, as well as the reactions they generated in the public. The results indicate that the 3 DMOs focused their communication efforts on the dissemination of messages to promote tourism in the region in order to manage the crisis, but despite the fact that the public want to be informed when an attack occurs to understand what happened and feel safe, DMOs communicated little or nothing about what happened in the attack. In addition, the tweets that reported on the management of the attack carried out and the protection of stakeholders were the ones that obtained the greatest reactions among the public. The main contributions of the study are the analysis template created for the analysis of destinations' crisis communication and the fact that public value the information received about the attack and the protection management carried out by the DMOs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes how the national tourism organizations (NTOs) of Spain and Italy managed their crisis communication to deal with Covid-19. The study examines the messages published by the Twitter accounts of the NTOs from the beginning or the detection of the first patient until one month after the official declaration of the pandemic by the World Health Organization. The results reveal two different ways of managing crisis communications in the face of Covid-19, both in the treatment of the topics and in the timing of publication, at the same time generating different reactions and engagement among users. The Agenzia Nazionale Italiana del Turismo was faster and more active in the first moments of the health crisis compared with the Oficina de Turismo de España. This study can contribute to the development of communication strategies on social media by NTOs during different periods of such crises as well as communication actions to enhance the touristic image of their destinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted societies, having health, economic, political, and communication implications. Governments have had to plan and implement immediate communication strategies to explain the actions that have been taken and to manage public health campaigns. This research analyzes the Spanish Government's communication strategy at national and international level since the announcement of the state of alert on 13 March until 9 May 2020. To this end, the 71 press conferences held by the Government have been analyzed, with the participation of 414 media outlets that have asked 1,069 questions, in addition to 1,080 publications on the official accounts of La Moncloa on Facebook and Twitter and information about Spain in the two main newspapers in six countries (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, USA, and UK). The results show a permanent presence of the Government, offering information via up to three press conferences on some days, revealing a strategy to control the subjects of discussion and their framing with warlike language associated with national unity. On social networks, the content related to administrative or service information prevails over image communication, with a clear dominance of press conferences and divergence between the communication interests of citizens versus the Government, preventing a true interaction between them. Regarding foreign press reports, 778 news items on Covid-19 in Spain were identified, with a prevalence in the US press and on economic rather than health issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expansion of digital communication technologies has been accompanied by the development of a “dialogical theory” of Public Relations, a theory that saw in new media the potential to implement ethical principles about dialogue to communications between organizations and publics. This article studies the current situation of the subject from two points of view: a critical literature review and discourse analysis of the 40 largest public relations consulting companies in Spain. As a result of the first component, “the unfulfilled promise” of the new media is highlighted. The analysis of the consulting discourse, on the other hand, shows the preference given to conversation and engagement as alternative concepts, the persistence of the discursive connection between digital technology and dialogic processes, as well as the existence of three basic forms this connection assumes. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Trípodos is the property of Universitat Ramon Llull, Facultat de Comunicacio Blanquerna and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study analyses the main challenges perceived by communication consulting sector in Spain in a post-convergence context. An in-depth questionnaire to communication agency professionals and content analysis of their corporate websites and social platforms was used as methodology. The results point to a situation in transition between old and new practices, in which digitalisation is perceived as a current need and a challenge to sector's adaptation capacity, while only some agencies use the new channels offered by Internet for their own management of transparency and online visibility. A double reactivity is detected: with respect to their vision of the future, and to digital brand leadership. The research provides clues that can help researchers, professors and professionals to evaluate the sector and detect adaptation needs for the present and the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the observation of social networks utilized by seven NGOs in Medellin-Colombia. It is a result of the research project "Colombia: NGOs, Public Relations, fundraising and post-conflict", whose objective was to describe the communicative reality of NGOs in Colombia, in order to determine whether they are prepared, at the level of public relations management, to obtain the financial resources needed to fulfill their expected role in the Colombian post-conflict. This study´s significance lies on the worldwide trend of the use of online technologies by non-governmental organizations in connecting with their target audiences. According to the results of the study, in its 2017 version, in Latin America, the average number of subscribers in NGO´s social networks ranges between 2,300, for small NGO´s, and 50,000 for large NGOs; 48% of these accept donations online; 94% have a profile on Facebook and 54% have a profile on Instagram. (Nonprofit Tech for Good, 2017) In developing this article, the researcher initially worked on building a theoretical framework that would allow a proper grounding of the results and their subsequent discussion. The five key concepts of this framework were: Communication, Non-Governmental Organizations, strategic communication, public relations and social networks. Subsequently, an observation was made with a time window of five weeks, between April and May 2018. Four criteria were considered in choosing the sample: 1. The researcher sought organizations that were affiliated to the Antioquian Federation of NGOs, since this guarantees that they are legally constituted entities, all possessing a recognized trajectory and responsibility in the fulfillment of their missions (Antioquian Federation of NGOs, 2018: 1). 2. Preference was given to NGOs based on the city of Medellín, one of the regions in Colombia with the largest number of these organizations. In addition, this allowed the researcher geographical closeness and the possibility of greater contact with the sample. 3. Focus was on NGOs that work on post-conflict issues. 4. First-floor NGOs were chosen, that is, those with direct contact with the beneficiaries of their actions. In order to collect the information, the researcher developed a matrix to record the activity that each entity developed in the networks. The characteristics of digital media were the central axis of the analysis of these publications. For this second part, four variables were taken into account: 1. Which social networks did the NGOs use? 2. What kind of content did they publish on them? 3. What was the most frequently recurring theme in these publications? And finally, 4. What where the composition parameters of the messages employed? This methodology utilized a mixture of qualitative and quantitative variables. Results allowed the researcher to show that all the organizations observed in the sample have profiles in the currently most popular social networks; however, their publications do not consider all the parameters that digital communication theory prescribes as needed for success. Among the conclusions of the study then, a low correlation was found between the theory of the strategic use of social networks, and the day-to-day practice of these organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research on the presence and activity of hospitals in social media is abundant, but that is not the case of other health-related organizations. In this research we have examined the profiles on Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and Instagram of 240 health-related entities. It has been proven that health insurers are more present in social networks than the rest, followed by manufacturers of healthcare products, technology companies, pharmaceutical laboratories, biomedical products companies and hospitals. Nevertheless, users interact more with hospitals, although they are less frequent and less active on these platforms. These findings confirm that a greater presence and activity in social media does not correlate with a greater interaction by the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing activity generated in digital communication platforms is raising new forms of relationship between organizations and their publics of interest. This has triggered, in turn, the production of a large amount of information, an explosion of data known as Big Data. In this new context, there is a need to study how the management of this huge amount of information faced in public relations, which is constantly generated at high speed and which requires even realtime management. In this work, we present a bibliographic review of the current state of research on the management of Big Data in Public Relations. The results showed a total 41 works. A content analysis of these works found that the activities of internal communications, media relations, crisis communications and issues management are the most related to massive data management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Anagramas is the property of Editorial Universidad de Medellin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article addresses the Sevilla Fútbol Club S.A.D.'s advertisement campaign during the visit of 'Game of Thrones' stars to the Sánchez Pizjuán stadium. The research analyzes the contents generated by the club on Twitter and Instagram social media, and the information management carried out by the online media as a result of this act. The main hypothesis, confirmed, is that this action provided positives effects on the club's corporate image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digital transformation has changed consumer habits and created global businesses over the Internet. To relate to customers and meet their needs, companies have created work structures that require professionals with an understanding the Web and today's media ecosystem. Based on an analysis of the content of job offers on the Internet, results are presented that guide and facilitate the job placement of students with a degree in Advertising. Approaches to market labor demands are recommended to academic institutions and indicate what knowledge and skills are required for today's workplace. The results point to a demand for increasingly hybrid and transversal professionals with multidisciplinary skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to know the main content the companies disseminate on Facebook, and the information resources they use. The results of this research indicate that the presence of the companies on Facebook is focus in the dissemination of businesses information, and rarely they take advantage of the social network to promote the CSR, with low interaction. Then, companies tend to use Facebook as a channel for the dissemination of commercial information, and not like a channel for the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) communication. Also, the companies are not using enough interactive resources. Therefore, companies need to review their communication and Public Relation strategies in the social network and integrate all the organizational aspects, promoting the dialogue and encouraging users to get involved in the conversations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management of the professional football player's official accounts in Twitter, helping to connect the athletes with their audiences. In this research, it has been done analysis of management of the official accounts in social media Twitter, of six professional football players with great status in the world of football: Andrés Iniesta, Cristiano Ronaldo, James Rodríguez, Manuel Neuer, Neymar da Silva and Wayne Rooney. The methodological technique applied is the analysis of content, and expect to find out the use of content categories in Twitter. The results show big differences in the management of the public relations in the digital environment by the responsible of the official accounts of football players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current work studies the situation of main companies in audiovisual social media. These companies are placed in the top positions of the 2014 Merco (Corporative Reputation Business Monitor) ranking according to corporative reputation. The objective of the study is double. First, it pretends to analyse the presence, it means, in which of these channels companies are present. Second, for obtaining more realistic results, it searches to evaluate their degree of proactivity because presence is not the same as utilization neither proactivity. Results show that attending to Spanish companies presence, Youtube and Linkedin are the main social media. Attending to proactivity, Vine, Linkedin and Youtube stand out. The analysis of the circuit of content confirms that the images and photographies are more recycled than video. It would be of interest rethinking the strategy in social media to set where companies want to be and with what objective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public Relations agencies (PR), build beneficial relations between organizations and their public. In the communication of health topics, doctors represent the most reliable source of information. Communication agencies such as Ketchum, not only facilitate the dissemination of this information but they also identify new opportunities and communication strategies. The success of the message relies on its credibility, therefore, the support of doctors and scientific societies are required in its drafting. It must be informative but attractive and innovative at the same time and has to be able to adapt to new trends. The message must be personalised and due to this, the audience must be known thoroughly. All in all, a wide social response is required. In this sense, internet is the dissemination medium par excellence. Particularly, twitter, has made a difference offering greater accessibility, immediacy, significance and achieving a higher public engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social networks have reached a very significant presence in the communication of organizations and are changing the way they disseminate information and interact with their audiences. Museums are also using these communication platforms, approaching the idea of "social museum" or "Museum 2.0". In this sense, the main objective of this article is to evaluate the presence and activity on Facebook (the largest social network) of the most visited art museums in Spain and worldwide. The results of this paper indicate that Spanish museums are in a similar situation and, in some respects, better than international museums, although it is true that there is still ample room for improvement in the extent to which it is not exploring the capacity enough for dialogue of these technological tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of recent research on the use made of social media by politicians are presented in this research. We have studied how they are using social media to engage with citizens. Spanish politicians do not make good use of Internet, not knowing that opportunities are given for a more fluid and constant contact with the people they represent. Often seem to have very clear why they are on social networks and they are just for fashion or because from their parties are invited to it. The parties use the new technologies in terms of their electoral interests, adjust and reorient their strategies to the network based on their electoral interests [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leadership in public relations and communication management plays a crucial role in the success of organizations, especially those operating in a global, dynamic and highly competitive economic context (eg. Meng, 2013; Berger & Meng, 2010; Berger & Reber, 2006; Berger, Reber & Heyman, 2007; Werder & Holzhausen, 2009). However, little research has been done about a key issue that also directly affects the professional development of practitioners and the future of the field. This article analyzes the main challenges facing public relations practitioners, cultural and structural factors that favor or constrain the communication function and major personality traits to perform excellent leadership, both now and in the future. Using qualitative methodology, through semi-structured interviews with public relations leaders in Spain, looks more closely into the controversial and complex concept of leadership. This research is part of an international project developed in 23 countries, conducted by the Plank Center for Leadership in Public Relations at the University of Alabama, and supported by Heyman Associates in New York and IBM Corporation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of aDResearch ESIC: International Journal of Communication Research / Revista Internacional de Investigación en Comunicación is the property of ESIC Business & Marketing School and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

E-commerce has become a relevant opportunity of doing business for all those entrepreneurs who want to develop their activity on the Internet. Nowadays, on-line sales are one of the segments with a largest growth despite the hard economic conjuncture we are involved in. The number of sales shows this as a sector in full expansion that walks towards its consolidation, especially in the fashion sector. However, in spite of the fact that the big textile groups of our country have already incorporated virtual shops in their webs, there are a lot of small and medium textile companies that still have not made use of this new tool offered by the net. In the fashion field, e-commerce is a communication tool that goes beyond commercial transactions on Internet. It is not only the act of purchase, but it also brings along a previous activity of public relations. In spite of this evidence, it's complicated to find reports that deal with electronic commerce that analyse something more than the numbers of sales. This fact let us see a lack of dedication in the analysis of communication. As for fashion, virtual shops have meant a far-reaching change in the process of usual purchase, because it has allowed companies get rid of the limitations of the physical market and, at the same time, if a company is able to communicate properly its e-commerce, it will also profit of showing consolidated image. The research of 15 selected companies has the aim to reveal the current situation of ecommerce in the small and medium fashion companies and also to know what use they do of it. The methodology selected and the object of analysis, will allow us to explain the place that this new tool occupies inside the fashion web site and the applications it has. Only attending to e-commerce as an instrument of communication between the company and the stakeholders we will manage to take advantage of the most of the benefits that this tool provides, and that represents a new model of business still to enforce in the mature market that represents Spanish fashion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a comparative analysis of leadership dimensions in public relations and communication management between Spain and a group of 23 countries which have participated in the Cross-Cultural Study of Leadership in Public relations and Communication Management, conducted by the University of Alabama and financed by IBM and Heymann Associates. Following the conceptual model from Meng and Berger (2011), this paper investigates the challenges faced by public relations, as well as the prerequisites of excellent leaders. Achieved results make a breakthrough in scientific knowledge about leadership in communication management, a little developed subject in academic literature, especially in Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research studies the information published about Paraguay in the largest online medias of Latin America and Europe, taking into account the importance of the reality published at the process of shaping the international country image. This study makes a deep analysis of the content posted about Paraguay in 2010, with the aim of investigating the perception of the country at this stage, being able to recognize that there are certain contexts and situations that influence in the information processing and in the coverage of the media, and also identify qualities associated with Paraguay that could be used as a potential constitutors elements for the strategic management of the country image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking an exploratory and qualitative approach, this research seeks to understand journalists' perception of public relations practice in Spain. More specifically, a twofold objective is pursued: to identify the most accepted PR practices and to know what PR practitioner profiles are best valued by media professionals. To achieve both objectives, 40 journalists have been interviewed. The results obtained point to journalists tending to consider public relations activity as necessary and useful. However, some public relations practices are labelled as bad practices and, therefore, they become a potential source of conflict between both communication disciplines. Although the research conducted is not statistically representative, a clear consensus emerges in some issues. Besides the general conclusions concerning journalists' perception of PR professionals and their practices, this research has also provided - as a not less valuable sub-product - a set of recommendations. Such recommendations can help PR practitioners to optimize their work when they aim to earn media attention for their companies or institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Doxa Comunicación is the property of Fundacion Universitaria San Pablo - CEU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)