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This research paper analyzes the role that multinational oil companies played in the formation of social concepts and citizen participation which were promoted in the oil camps of Venezuela and which served as an important model for varios sectors of Venezuelan society. The experience in oil camps reconfigured regional identities and introduced a new lifestyle, reformulating the use of public and private space, the management of time, and also comsumption patterns. Conscious of the dislocation that employment In the new and unfamiliar oil industry implied, companies sought to incorporate the family into this process and redefined the role of women as key to the socialization process. This paper analyzes the participation of intellectual goups, and the middle class which colaborated with the oil companies in order to promote a national cultural project and civil society which would promote certain legitimacy in relation to the transnational companies in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper analyzes the role that multinational oil companies played in the formation of social concepts and citizen participation which were promoted in the oil camps of Venezuela and which served as an important model for varios sectors of Venezuelan society. The experience in oil camps reconfigured regional identities and introduced a new lifestyle, reformulating the use of public and private space, the management of time, and also comsumption patterns. Conscious of the dislocation that employment in the new and unfamiliar oil industry implied, companies sought to incorporate the family into this process and redefined the role of women as key to the socialization process. This paper analyzes the participation of intellectual goups, and the middle class which colaborated with the oil companies in order to promote a national cultural project and civil society which would promote certain legitimacy in relation to the transnational companies in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we describe the use of mitigation as a politeness strategy by Venezuelan students and professors when they exchange e-mails. A total of 26 e-mails were exchanged between 8 women and 8 men. The mitigation resources were categorized according to the attenuation level which they addressed: locution, illocution and origin of the message (Caffi, 1999). The analysis of the data revealed that both men and women use resources to soften the intention of their messages. However, women outnumbered men in the use of mitigation resources. We believe that, as women show more of their personalities, they tend to create discursive barriers to defend their image from any invasion. Moreover, when they reduce the social distance between them and their interlocutors the messages become less formal; hence, a higher use of mitigation is required. Additionally, we noticed that women use more mitigation resources than men in order to defend their image of autonomy and territory, while maintaining balance in the interaction between them and their interlocutors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Avances en PsicologÍa Latinoamericana is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)