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Introduction: Coffee is a highly mycotrophic plant, its interaction with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi has been studied among different tropical countries. The majority of the published works indicates that coffee is benefited from the mycorrhizal association, where the AMF confers protection against pathogens and diseases, increases water absorption, as well as it increases the adaptation of the plant at transplant from nurseries to the main plantation. Objective: A review was made where we summarized and analyze the research reports of AMF with coffee from at least the past 10 years, focused on AMF global species distribution, nutritional benefits of the association and interaction with pathogens. Methods: We retrieved available bibliographic data from coffee producer countries in public databases. We considered published works from 2000 to 2019, nevertheless, we included classic papers on the topic, outside that period, mainly the ones performed in Brazil since 1986. We organized the number of reported species per country, we look for synonyms, grouped them by family, genera and species. The reports that only reported genera or where ambiguous were used as reference but not considered for the final analysis. We summarized the reports of the benefits of the AMF interaction in coffee, as well as pathogen tolerance. Results: The collected data shows that there are more than 100 AMF species associated with coffee, which represents more than a third part of the total of reported species worldwide. We found that Colombia has the highest richness, but it also has the highest number of published reports. Conclusions: This information shows the benefits of the incorporation of AMF to coffee plantation programs, because these fungi are a key element in coffee plant nutrition, nevertheless, the coffee variety should be considered when introducing AMF, as not all associations has been efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present a historical series of Colombian GDP from 1888 to 2013. For that purpose we have employed an expenditure approach to reconstruct the GDP for the period 1888-1929. We linked it to the official statistics data of the DANE. The result is expressed in 2011 purchasing parity dollars for international comparisons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the process of economic globalization significant impact on the food industry, one of the most important was the predominance they now have multinational companies in this sector, even in alternative systems such as organic farming and fair trade were observed. However, for organized peasants who produce organic coffee and participate in fair trade, it is reluctant to give this production strategy because it is a way to survive and maintain its system of social reproduction in their condition as peasants, despite challenges this implies them. In this paper we analyze the socioeconomic impact of this production strategy in peasant families that are integrated into organizations of Chiapas. We start to recognize coffee growers as part of the peasantry and the constant current problems faced to keep an exclusionary system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper correlates the practices of agricultural work in the coffee and sugar cane plantations with the lifestyle of workers, with a particular focus on the impact for older people in the central part of Veracruz, Mexico. Research shows that while coffee and sugar cane generate different lifestyles, they do not generate substantial differences in quality of life. However, they involve a different approach to life projects and life style. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture has drastically transformed landscapes and ecosystems on this planet. These changes alter the supply of goods and ecosystem services thereby impacting human well-being. There are significant environmental impacts associated with modern agriculture and green revolution technologies. This has promoted the development of agricultural production systems that try to reduce the environmental impact and/or improve the well-being of producers. Agricultural certification is one such strategy. This set of management practices promotes agricultural production that simultaneously generates some environmental, social, economic, and quality benefits. Shade-grown coffee production is one of these environmentally-friendly management practices. This paper describes this kind of agricultural production and discusses some of the changes associated with certification as well as the impact it has had on the landscape of Aratoca (Santander). The article also analyzes the differences between certified and non-certified producers. It concludes with some suggestions for the certification process in order to make it a win-win (environment-society) situation for different kinds of coffee growers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researches directed to increase the indicators of efficiency and quality during coffee harvest mechanization constitutes an important topic at present time. The determination of the physical-mechanical properties of fruits and fruit-stem system is an indispensable stage during these investigations. In this paper the results on the determination of a group of dimensional, inertial and elastic properties of the fruit-stem system of coffea arabica variety Catuai in different ripening stages, related with mechanical harvesting of this crop, are presented. Also, the bending moment required for the rupture of the fruit-stem union is determined. Methods of processing of digital images, as well as strain gages techniques were used during the investigation. As result of measurement of the different properties, substantial differences on dimensional, inertial and elastic characteristics of green and ripe fruit were found, like as in the bending moment required to fruit detachment and in the detachment patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

They are reported the yields of the different solar dryers tested for coffee dry, and they are explained the observed differences starting from the kinetic information contents in the first part of the present paper. It is accomplished, furthermore, an energetic and economic analysis of the process in the different evaluated technological options. To validate the solar technological proposals are compared the economic results of the dry in these installations with those obtained in the conventional dryers named "Guardiola". The energetic requirements of the coffee dry were estimated by thermodynamic and kinetic procedures. The results obtained by one and another route are different, what can be determined by differences in the dry mechanisms of the process in each one of the used experimental methods. The calculations demonstrate a significative difference between the obtained yields for solar dry of coffee in the dryers here identified with the names "Secador Solar Multipropósito" and "Secador Solar de Tambor Rotatorio". Independently of the above referred differences it is demonstrated that both solar installations are overdimensioned from the energetic point of view. The costs of the coffee dry process follow the sequence (for the tested technologies approaches): SSM and SSTR dryers > conventional drier "Guardiola" dry process carried on blackened floor. An integral analysis that involves kinetic, energetic and economic considerations permits to propose a general strategy for the extended use of the solar technologies to dry coffe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]