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Objective/Context: The article seeks to analyze the problematic and paradoxical normative-administrative translation of the paradigm of human rights in Argentina's current migration policies. The study of this case is of particular interest, on the one hand, because Argentina has been and is the leading Mercosur country receiving migrations in the past decades, and, on the other hand, because its migratory management model, inaugurated in 2004 with the sanction of the Law of Migrations 25871, even if it finds itself based around the human rights approach, coexists with an emphasized tendency towards securitization and control. Methodology: The investigation that supports this article is qualitative: the main ideas and conclusions have been extracted from the study of laws, decrees, regulations, reports, and resolutions emitted by different national and international public agencies, also from the comparison and contrast with secondary bibliography. Conclusions: The advancement of the securitarian approach on migration, centered more on control than regulation, together with the lack of normative and administrative adaptation of the different state agencies in the guaranty of rights recognized as universal, explain the ineffectiveness of the human rights paradigm in critical areas such as being the documentary regularization policy and the access to universal rights. Originality: The article seeks to deepen the analysis of Argentina's migration policies, focusing on the different supra, intra, and counter-state levels involved in its implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intermediaries are professionals who enable the effective right of access to justice for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities, ensuring principles of equity, participation, accessibility and self-determination for them. This paper analyzes the presence and formative background of this figure from an international comparative perspective. Nowadays, we can find these professionals in the international law across different countries: some Nordic countries, United Kingdom, Israel, Azerbaijan, Taiwan, South Africa, Kenya, Canada, part of the USA, Mexico and Chile, Australia and New Zealand. In Spain, intermediaries are considered in the latest reform of the civil and procedural legislation (Law 8/2021, June the 2nd). This paper analyzes the formative background of this figure from an international comparative perspective. We find both formal and non-formal education in the background of these professionals. There is no doubt their profile must adjust to the needs of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and the contexts that require the facilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the gender agenda has permeated all policy areas and has gained relevance through the constant work of organisations that have succeeded in making issues and challenges visible. This paper examines the interaction between international politics and the gender agenda in Argentina during the presidency of Alberto Fernández (2019-2023). Based on a triangulation of information gathered from interviews, official documents, and news reports, the paper aims to analyse, in the context of recent foreign policy, what kind of decisions are linked to the gender agenda, and at the same time, what international projection the gender policies implemented at the local level have. We propose that the gender agenda has opened up a space in Argentine foreign policy in a short period and that it has done so mainly based on the country’s trajectory in the international sphere linked to human rights and the discussion of inequalities in the world. The creation of the Ministry of Women, Gender and Diversity has been crucial, projecting the country into global gender debates in an institutionalised way. Although concrete policies are developing in some cases, the agendas in this dual track demonstrate that these profound social demands have come to the state to stay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The migration of Venezuelans nationals to other Latin-American countries has been defined as the most significant migratory phenomenon in the recent story of the region, with Colombia being the country that hosts the highest number of Venezuelan nationals. From a human rights perspective, this article critically analyzes the response of the Colombian State to address migration from Venezuela. The objective of this article is to show that Colombia has preferred to govern this migration through the creation of ad hoc permits, instead of recognizing the need for international protection of this population and their status as refugees. To this end, this paper analyzes the Colombian regulatory framework on migration and refuge and, in particular, the response of the Colombian State to the migration of people from Venezuela. Its central argument is that the Colombian authorities have opted for the design and implementation of alternative measures of migratory regularization, as it was at the time the Special Permit of Permanence and is today the Permit for Temporary Protection. This article concludes by stating that the approach to Venezuelan migration has led to a clear detriment to the refugee system, today collapsed and with no prospect of reform or strengthening. This is so because the institutional design of the Colombian refuge entails a host of obstacles that discourage applicants from following this path, even when they require international protection. The authors of this paper use legal dogmatic as the main research methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the protection of victims of forced migration from the perspective of the philosophy of law and international human rights law. On the one hand, it focuses on the origin and philosophical-legal foundations of human dignity and its practical requirements as a legal principle. Understood in this sense, dignity is considered as the foundation of the most basic human rights; and implies universally enforceable legal prerogatives in favor of all persons, by the mere fact of their human nature; and without considering exogenous factors, such as origin or nationality. Within this context, fundamental notions such as ius communcationis, or the right of sociability of human beings and hospitality, which entail a common use of the universal land within the comunitas orbis or universal community, are recovered. It is concluded that, despite the efforts and the many legal instruments that exist in this regard, and which are based on the dignity of the individual, the protection afforded to them in practice is not sufficient. The reason for this lies in several factors, in particular, in the fact that although human dignity can be considered as the basis for the recognition of human rights on equal terms, its scope is limited to the most fundamental rights, such as life or the prohibition of torture and inhuman and degrading treatment, but does not imply more specific rights such as freedom of movement or residence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the problematic aspects of the thesis that bases human rights on the dignity of the person are presented. Following the metaphysics of the person of Thomas Aquinas, the ontological consistency referred to in this term is studied. Then the ideological inspiration of both modern «human rights» and Kantian ballast dignity is reviewed. The elements of natural rights that still exist in modern human rights theory are based on human nature, not directly and exclusively in the ontological dignity of the person. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By means of this paper, we will try to give an account of the specificity of Therapeutic Accompaniment in the community, understanding this as a mean that offers tools for prevention and promotion of mental health. To do so, we will delimit and describe the work carried out in the N.G.O. Psicologías Sin fronteras, in the device called "Carpas de Salud Mental" (Mental Health Tents), which aims at accompanying the communities in the transition through the mental health demands that may exist, generating a transformation in their realities and fostering autonomous decisions in relation to the health/illness/attention. We will take, as a reference, the participatory understood investigation from the community, as a democratic model of knowledge production, which involves the active participation of its members, encouraging community autonomy, understanding the latter as a fundamental pillar in terms of human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a conceptual approach to the phenomenon of post-truth and its effects on democracy and human rights. In order to achieve the proposed objectives, we first attempt to construct a concept of post-truth and identify some of the causes that explain it. Subsequently, we analyze the effects of post-truth on democracy and the role played by fake news in this scenario. Finally, we reflect on the impact on human rights that may be produced in the context of post-truth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cross between aging and progressive dependence gives rise to one of the most vulnerable stages in the existence of every human being. In this paper I ask myself to what extent the perspective of human rights is being correctly applied to this group of elderly and highly dependent people. To answer this question, I begin by distinguishing between the concepts of existential vulnerability and constructed vulnerability. While the first must be assumed by individuals and cared for by society, the second must be fought. Next, I review the public policies that have been promoted at a global and regional level in relation to the recognition of the rights of older people who are becoming increasingly dependent. This review leads me to notice a certain disproportion between the insistence on guaranteeing the rights of the elderly who can act autonomously compared to those who, being highly dependent and close to dying, can barely lead an independent life. This emphasis on active and healthy ageing, if it does not integrate long-term and end-of-life care, may end up turning against older people when they are more fragile, because it is based on a lack of knowledge of existential vulnerability that generates constructed vulnerability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to analyze, based on a local experience, the tensions arising from the interaction between educational practices, access to rights, and the bureaucratic dynamics of penitentiary institutions, disciplinary administration, and punishment. The methodology employed was based on a qualitative and interdisciplinary approach, primarily involving active and participatory observation, emphasizing the concept of 'being there' in the field of study. Additionally, in-depth interviews were conducted with local agents, and documentary analysis was used to enhance the understanding of the dynamics under study. The results highlight the numerous challenges involved in the development of this practice in penitentiary environments for both students and teachers. This practice is hindered by institutional violence and the prioritization of security over rights, despite the rhetoric of regulations and even the penitentiary authorities acknowledging the rights of detainees. In this context, self-management and activism have become essential tools to facilitate access to education. In conclusion, educational practices in penitentiary contexts as a human right constitute a complex experience riddled with conflicts and contradictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized our lives and will continue to transform them dramatically for decades to come. Its potential is indisputable and its applications can bring important benefits to people with disabilities. However, AI is a clearly ambivalent reality and along with its friendly face it also presents another one made up of various fundamental risks, many of an ethical nature, capable of creating new types of discrimination that curtail the rights of such groups, always in constant vindication, especially in the face of new realities. This paper will review in a generic sense the advantages and blind spots of artificial intelligence in relation to people with disabilities, with a specific focus on algorithmic biases, a key element with a recognized ability to organize society and influence policies and institutions through autonomous decision-making, based on behavior that is sometimes unfair and discriminatory. Finally, some solutions will be provided to shape a still incipient phenomenon, so that it develops at the service of all people, including those with any type of disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the relationship between the life of the Spanish legal philosopher, Gregorio Peces-Barba Martinez, and the development of human rights and fundamental rights in the Spanish university environment in the nineties. It is analyzed its evolution in Argentina in the same period of time. Finally, this work highlights both, the integral (and three-dimensional) bases of the thought of the Spanish teacher, and the scope they have at present and in the future of all human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this paper is to understand the experiences of the students of Law with Intercultural Perspective belonging to Intercultural University of the State of Puebla during Covid-19 time, as well as identify how they connected to online classes, through a quantitative methodology. In this sense, the results prove that digital divide still a problem in regard to in Mexico. The Central Campus of the said university is in Huehuetla, a Totonac village in northeast State of Puebla. Several students are from indigenous communities of the states of Veracruz and Puebla. It is important to remember that most of them belong to rural areas. In addition, the indigenous and rural population in Mexico had poor connectivity during pandemic years. The high cost of access was another problem for the academic education of their young members. Today, internet is a basic tool in high education learning. For this reason, the said gaps in Mexican homes do difficult advances in academic formation of youngest members of families. Furthermore, this paper exposes the right to education in international declarations and Mexican law. During the last decades, International and National laws have recognized also the rights of indigenous peoples. The education is an essential field of human development of all populations. Summary, internet connectivity is a crucial factor in regard to current human rights. Digital education is a challenge in global world, because having a computer is not enough for a rational use of new technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to evaluate, from a critical and philosophical perspective, the evolution of sound legal practices and their impact on the possibility of building social welfare, an essential element for the current democratic consolidation. He considers that humanization is a social possibility that occurs when establishing legal relationships with otherness. It is the configuration of law, of the legal system, the unequivocal manifestation of overcoming the concomitant biological determinations of the animal condition, so that, based on practices based on justice, ethics and politics, it is possible to expand the scope of the right and have a positive impact on the constitution and social development. Given this scenario, the right is considered as a collective asset, expressible in solidarity, compassion and in the encounter with otherness, mediated by the intervention of the social pact. It is concluded that the best jurisprudence is the one capable of regulating social relations, by virtue of promoting actions that humanize coexistence and penalize violations of the dignity of individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper addresses the concepts of compassion and responsibility from a specific view of the legal ethics of vulnerability. The study examines both concepts from an ethical and legal point of view to advocate for a vision of responsibility as an epistemic tool to rethink end-of-life care. The paper is divided into six parts: 1) an analysis of the legal ethics of vulnerability raised in the paper, 2) the role of this legal ethics is analyzed in the face of changes in medical ethics, 3) the concept of suffering is examined in the context of human rights, 4) compassion against the different in legal ethics, 5) responsibility as a value and principle at the end of life, 6) it draws some conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to try to decipher the meaning of the human condition, as a presupposition of all social organization, taking into account the profile of today’s society. The debate that Hervada raised between natural and positive law has been argued by different authors in very varied terms and the question about the foundation of the legal norm is still valid. The purpose of this paper is not to compare Hervada’s work with that of other authors, but rather, in homage to him, to try to delve into the narrative that could justify legal norms. In this sense, the article seeks to analyze first of all, the terms of definition of the human condition; and subsequently to situate it in a context of society influenced and conditioned by big data and by the so-called surveillance capitalism. The goal is ambitious, but having a snapshot of the situation can help to build the narrative with which to respond to the articulation of the human condition in a specific political and social context, such as this first part of the twenty-first century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Inter-American Court of Human Rights has declared the violation of the right to dignity in various judgments based on the provisions of section 11 of the American Convention on Human Rights, which establishes the right to respect of honor and recognition of dignity. This section does not refer to the right to dignity explicitly, but it has been used by the aforementioned court to declare the violation of dignity as a right. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the right to dignity has an object determined by the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. Consequently, the first part of this paper will address some doctrinal positions on dignity with emphasis on two authors that have proposed systematizations of the concept of dignity as a right. Then, the second part will continue with a study of the origin of section 11, which intends to determine how and why the word «dignity» was included in the aforementioned section. Subsequently, this paper will analyze the cases in which the Inter-American Court of Human Rights declared the violation of the right to dignity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper is carried out an analysis of the Mexican Health System norms content, to determine which concepts and provisions guarantee the human right to health of indigenous peoples. It referes to an intercultural vision that recognizes notions, techniques and practices of their health systems. Among the causes of non-compliance with their human right to health, particularly during the y covid-19 pandemic, is the lack of theoretical tools that could linked the National System to the communities health systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both the concept of human rights in Jacques Maritain and his the role in the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in 1948 continue to generate significant interest among scholars and researchers. This interest is driven by a desire to understand the foundations of human rights in a multicultural context as well as the influence of the French philosopher on the composition of the UDHR. Charles Malik, a Lebanese philosopher and diplomat, was a nuclear drafter of the UDHR. An extensive archive of Malik’s papers is preserved at the Library of Congress, including large sections from his university years and his tenure as Lebanon’s ambassador to the United Nations. In order to provide original sources, this article presents Charles Malik’s references to the person and thought of Jacques Maritain, which will serve as a valuable resource for future researchers seeking to explain and clarify Maritain’s role and ideas in the drafting of the UDHR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

how to teach bioethics rigorously and attractively? This paper develops one of the pedagogical strategies implemented by a research team of the Faculty of Psychology of the University of Buenos Aires to transmit Bioethics through online platforms. Based on the methodology of the Casebook Unesco of Psychiatry and Mental Health, a multiple-choice exercise was designed in Moodle's educational platform, which presents complex ethical dilemmas clearly. The purpose of the activity is to provide a tool to contemplate the effects of the course of action for the field of health and subjectivity. The exercise consists of providing different levels of help for the resolution of the dilemmatic situation, through the reference to relevant bibliographic sources, with particular emphasis on the articulation of the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights and the deontological codes that govern professional practice. Using case-vignettes in virtual environments aims to develop competencies that allow students to participate in decision-making processes actively. This calls for the collective construction of knowledge through dialogic exchange and ethical deliberation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the strategies of cross-border cooperation that the Yoeme community (also called "Yaquis") in Sonora, Mexico, carries out with the support of the Pascua Yaqui Tribe in Tucson, Arizona, United States, for the strengthening of their autonomous rights. This paper employs an interdisciplinary methodology, using observation, interviews, and documentary analysis techniques. The results reveal a cross-border collaboration of the Yoeme group in the form of legal, cultural, and economic alliances that have allowed them to create new international spaces to demand justice and strengthen their collective ties. It is concluded that such collaboration must be based on their traditional and cultural normative framework supported by international human rights instruments to strengthen their autonomous rights of territory and water. The main limitation was the restricted access to Yaqui groups due to the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze the main criteria and standards developed in the field of international human rights law that delimitate the scope of the right to a special treatment in the execution of the penalty of deprivation of liberty for juveniles in contrast with adults. The work identifies the concrete consequences of the need for a specialized execution of sentences for juveniles in the regulation of institutions and guarantees established in favour of minors within the execution of the sanction of juvenile imprisonment, and then it determines how they have been recognized and developed by the corpus juris of international human rights law (international legislation, doctrine and case law). First, the paper analyzes how the reinforced protection of juvenile prisoners is recognized in the international human rights system, concluding that it is widely recognized. Then, it argues that this reinforced protection requires differences with respect to the treatment of adults, which can be systematized in five areas that are subject to a detailed review: orientation of the execution of the sentence of juvenile imprisonment, prison conditions, prison regime, good order and control mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interpretation and application of the guiding or governing principles of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, is of the utmost importance in the intervention of the child in judicial processes, since the nonconsideration of these principles could mean the violation of rights recognized in the Convention, which in turn will bring harmful consequences for the life and development of the child. Therefore, the objectives of this paper are to identify the guiding principles or guidelines of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, in order to later determine how the Inter-American Court of Human Rights has interpreted and applied these principles in specific cases, and thus specify which one, are the international standards on the intervention of the child in judicial proceedings, in accordance with the rulings of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the slogan of “putting the house in order”, the government of Sebastián Piñera, since his presidential inauguration in 2018, has imposed various requirements on human mobility, which have hindered the entry and regular stay of groups such as Haitians and Venezuelans. These measures have been accompanied by a commitment to the militarization of the northern border and the mediatization of expulsions, along with a rhetoric that dichotomizes displacements into positive/negative, according to their administrative situation, thus conditioning the rights of migrants. This paper examines, from the paradigm of migration governance and through a documentary analysis, the Chilean migration policy from 2018 to 2022, investigating from a qualitative and exploratory approach the main measures implemented and the rhetoric used. It is concluded that in this presidential period a policy has been intensified that, through a human rights narrative, restricts certain flows, increasing irregularity and the precariousness of the crossings, consequences that contradict the premise of “orderly, safe and regular migration” on which the government administration is based. This dynamic has been strongly expressed in the Tarapacá Region, a territory that has become the epicenter of the migratory situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irregular migration is a complex phenomenon that defies the sole concepts of movement restriction and lockdown introduced by the pandemic. Accordingly, 2020 was a particularly tense year for migratory fluxes from Africa to Europe. The Canary islands route saw a reactivation after almost a decade of low activity, with 23,023 registered arrivals in 2020. Similarly to other European islands, such as Lesbos or Lampedusa, the Canary islands have limited state assistance resources for immigrants. The pandemic is, thus, a cause of the massive emigration in the Maghreb and Sub-Saharan Africa, but is also a decisive factor for the human rights violations before, during and after the immigrants’ arrival at the islands. Under these circumstances, Spain is obliged to comply with international, European, and national law regarding migrants’ fundamental rights. This paper argues that Spain must always guarantee the health protection of refugees and asylum seekers during the legal procedures of intervention, assistance and detention. Furthermore, the enforcement of sanitary measures is not a valid cause for omitting certain guarantees such as the right to legal assistance, the freedom of movement within national territory, the compliance with detention times, and the use of clean and safe reception centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article was to review the relationship between narrative and information inside the Commission for the Clarification of Truth, Coexistence and Non-Repetition (CEV, from its Spanish acronym). In addition, this article examines the implications of the use of narrative to build truth, specifically the truth that the CEV is seeking, and elucidate the approach of truth in which it is situated. For these purposes, we analyze the method used by the CEV to collect testimonies and upload those to the Mission Information System (SIM, from its Spanish acronym). In this paper, we identify the SIM's scope and limits, and discuss the Commission's statements about the characteristics of its final report in light of the use of information and the narrative strategy to build truth. We concluded that the relationship between the categories of narrative and information reflects the epistemological problems inherent to the social sciences regarding the tension between objectivity and subjectivity. Furthermore, the validity of the CEV's elaborations will depend on the rigor of contrasting different versions and sources, rather than the amount of information it collects. Likewise, we highlight the relevance of the role that SIM played in opening up to new technical and methodological tools for uncovering the truth and monitoring human rights in Colombia, and the rest of the world. Nonetheless, there needs to be consideration for the complexities and dilemmas that information sciences deal with when analyzing social reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a look at the social conflicts that have taken place in Costa Rica during the Covid-19 pandemic (January 2020 and December 2021). This study comes from the registered collective actions and the experiences of the "Community Observatory of Collective Actions." Based on this data, four axes of conflict were identified during this period: a) The demand for rights and defense of indigenous territories, b) Communities in defense of water and the environment, c) Draft laws that threaten common goods, d) Labor conflicts and pollution in the production of monocultives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the governmental measures implemented by Chile and El Salvador during the pandemic to manage the repatriation of their nationals and resident citizens who were stranded abroad due to the closing of borders, a decision imposed by governments worldwide as a measure to contain the health crisis generated by COVID-19 in their territories. The restriction to the freedom of movement of people across borders caused in several countries of the region an additional humanitarian drama to the devastating effects of the global health crisis, so this paper examines this problem from the coverage given by the Latin American media to the repatriation processes of Chileans and Salvadorans as case studies, through a qualitative documentary analysis of the news about the main difficulties and consequences generated by this humanitarian drama. An important conclusion of the study recognizes the relevance of the administrative, logistic, and communicational capacity that the diplomatic missions of Latin American countries should develop, as well as the preeminence of human rights in international relations in order to face more responsibly the migratory crisis caused by the closing of borders for sanitary reasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to encourage reflection on the importance of the duties of the individual, based on the analysis of the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man (ADRDM). This instrument is recognized as the first contemporary international catalog of human rights and is unique in that it enshrines a correlative list of rights and duties, unlike the other nineteenth-century documents, as well as the successive ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spanish legal discussion on the rights of transgender people and the possible collision with other legally protected interests has been fuelled by the recent approval, by the Council of Ministers, of the draft Law for the real and effective equality of transgender people and for the guarantee of the rights of LGTBI people. In this context, this paper sets out to find out what the legal reality of trans people is beyond our borders, specifically, within the Inter-American Human Rights System, with the main aim of finding tools and interpretative keys which, from the legislation and legal conflicts of the countries analysed, provide lessons for the Spanish legal debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the Peruvian institutional scaffolding that favours mechanisms for dispossessing land from indigenous peoples in Peru, despite their protection by regulations that recognise them as such and their constitutional status, which imposes binding obligations. International human rights protection standards are therefore violated, along with the International Labour Organization's Convention 169 and the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR). It is therefore noteworthy that the Peruvian State has approved the titling of indigenous peoples' lands that are suitable for forestry "Transfer of use rights" - the main mechanism of dispossession affecting the ancestral territories of the indigenous peoples of the Peruvian jungle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deepest impacts of extractivism are its spillover effects - the transformations it provokes in public policies (environmental, social and economic) and in terms of key concepts like development, politics, justice, democracy and nature. Based on a description of the cases of Tariquía National Flora and Fauna Reserve, Carrasco National Park and the Apolobamba National Natural Area of Integrated Management, this paper analyses the sequence of extractivism-related spillover effects on public policies, regulations and the operation of all Bolivia's protected areas. Particular emphasis is placed on the consequences for human rights and rights of nature, which are recognised in Bolivian law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper makes a comparative study of the socio-state capacities developed during the processes of institutionalising protected natural areas (PNA) in Latin America. It sets them within a framework of their interdependence with global governance processes and in relation to the role human rights have played for these purposes. Taking an approach that combines analysis of multilevel collective action with process monitoring, this work traces the trajectories of national and multilateral institutions; analyses the main dynamics that arise in the delimitation of the protection of natural areas in the countries with the greatest biodiversity in the region; and explores the possibilities for new agreements on the global agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the intersection between sociology, anthropology and law, this article analyses the various legal instruments for the protection of the natural environment in Colombia. In their application, these instruments have produced a range of conflicts, stemming from ecosystem conservation strategies, legal complexity and disregarded social realities. Based on the analysis of the situation in the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, the paper argues that the interaction of the different environmental protection and conservation measures is generating a tension between guaranteeing protection for human rights, people's well-being and the ecosystems themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the process of internationalising the legal mobilisation that sought reparations for the mining disaster that took place in 2015 in the city of Mariana, the Doce River basin and on Brazil's southeastern coastline. It seeks to understand the dynamics produced by activating different levels of justice and the effects of internationalisation on the functioning of justice institutions at national level. Two separate patterns of internationalisation are noted: a) via the traditional human rights defence networks; and b) a new one, promoted by an international office specialised in "alternative litigation financing" (ALF), which employs arguments from environmental law and transnational legislation. The characteristics of these two patterns are examined along with their effects on the dynamics of legal mobilisation and national institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interpretation and application of the guiding or governing principles of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, is of the utmost importance in the intervention of the child in judicial processes, since the nonconsideration of these principles could mean the violation of rights recognized in the Convention, which in turn will bring harmful consequences for the life and development of the child. Therefore, the objectives of this paper are to identify the guiding principles or guidelines of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, in order to later determine how the Inter-American Court of Human Rights has interpreted and applied these principles in specific cases, and thus specify which one, are the international standards on the intervention of the child in judicial proceedings, in accordance with the rulings of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the relationship of the perception of corruption and lack of transparency with voting preferences and protests. It examines the case of Colombia using data from the 2015 Latinobarómetro Survey and a multinomial logistic model that assumes a simultaneous choice of participation type (or a combination of types), which allows us to establish whether the preference for protest substitutes or complements the preference for voting. A positive relationship was found between the perception of corruption and lack of transparency with the preference to protest in addition to voting. If citizens perceive greater corruption or doubt government transparency, they are more willing to participate in demonstrations, without reducing their support for electoral participation. This suggests that there is a general acceptance of formal democratic participation despite the shortcomings of the political regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between Law and neurotechnologies is an fascinating subject. The impact of neurotechnologies is significant: from the human personal identity and the freedom of choice, to the legal liability. This paper deals with the so-called neuro-rights. The Chilean constitutional reform and the "Digital Bill of Rights" of the Government of Spain are two different paths to the same end: to regulate and protect Human Rights in the face of the advances of neurotechnology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper’s central argument is that Hervada’s doctrine on the existence of subsequent natural rights – and the necessity to posit these rights for their historical enforcement– offers better parameters and standards for the justification and determination of implied rights in the IACtHR’s opinions. On the one hand, it allows to justify such rights based on a universal human nature as well as to determine the right’s content through their inherent ends with better claims of objectivity. On the other, it permits to verify the indispensable role of positive law for the determination of human rights which have not been expressly recognized in the Convention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the notion of global justice has marked the work of cooperation, peace, and human rights organizations in Catalonia, which has led to the conceptualization of a proposal to promote 'Education for Global Justice' (EpJG) in alliance with educational institutions and social movements. However, the theoretical foundations of EpJG are under construction and weakly articulated with practice. Therefore, this paper develops a conceptual framework of education and global justice and presents a documentary analysis of the main reflective material arising from the practices and experiences of the entities. In this context, a proposal for emancipatory education is observed that aims to provide insight into global ecology and interdependence, analyze the factors and causes responsible for inequalities in the world, and support critical educational innovation and the balance of knowledge. However, the proposal has certain limitations and requires addressing emerging issues to continue moving forward in these processes of change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the bioethical dimension of the vaccination process for COVID- 19 in pregnant women. To achieve this objective, the following aspects are considered: 1) the historical antecedents of immunization, rescuing the importance of the works of Wortley, Jenner, Pasteur, among others. 2) The dilemmas that have arisen around the practice of vaccination, among which the growing commercialization of the pharmaceutical industry stands out, articulating to a macro project of globalization and social exclusion. However, in the midst of this onslaught of the contemporary economic model, key approaches emerge to safeguard the right to life and the protection of human dignity, such as the Universal Declaration of Bioethics and Human Rights proposed by UNESCO in 2005 3) The various obstetric and ethical positions considered for the use of vaccines in pregnant women. 4) The dilemmas arising from the implementation of vaccines for COVID-19 on pregnant women, not yet having enough scientific documentation to know the adverse effects in the future. It concludes on the need to evaluate each particular case before making a decision regarding the immunization of women in the midst of the pandemic, considering, previously, health as a fundamental human right and the right to information, as a means to take a wise decision in relation to the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, developed under a diachronic-rationalist approach, analyzes the existing interconnection between pharmaceutical patents and human rights in the current context. To achieve this end, the research focuses on the following aspects: 1) the commercialization of resources that could favor public health. 2) The synergies that promote the mixed investment of public and private capital for the distribution and effective use of drugs. 3) The role of human rights in the practices of production of health goods and services. 4) Market strategies that do not violate the individual and collective rights of citizens. It concludes on the importance of pointing out the role of the State as a regulator of commercial activities on aspects that concern public health, in addition to indicating that pharmaceutical patents constitute a social opportunity to promote health, this to the extent that they articulate efforts with the State and with social sectors, to give way to the consolidation of human rights and the vindication of the dignity of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of the research on the principle of equality in the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of Justice of Uruguay developed by a group of professors and students of Constitutional Law at the Universidad Católica del Uruguay. The research analyzed 360 sentences issued by the Uruguayan Supreme Court of Justice in unconstitutionality processes, between the years 2012 and 2021. The study does a particular consideration on issues that are important both on the treatment and on the development of application of equal principle, on the use of legal tools to resolve cases ("triple test" or proportionality principle), also on the invocation and application of the non-discrimination principle, among other current issues. The research shows a favorable development in such matters, and a shortcoming in others, being its attention relevant due to the significance that this principle has for the Rule of Law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents three categories in which the notion of dignity can be used in jurisprudence, depending on the subject to which it is ascribed: as institutional status, as a characteristic of the human being and as a characterization of other elements. In each one of the types, in the first place, a theoretical explanation is made that, although brief, tries to introduce some characteristics about the respective meaning. Second, it describes how the Inter-American Court of Human Rights has used the term «dignity» in the respective sense; that is, a review of the casuistry is included. Finally, some ideas are discussed. The methodology has been analytical regarding the use of the concept and is based on an analysis of the contentious cases and the advisory opinions of the mentioned institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The SDG16 has been formed as an objective condition of the other objectives. Without reliable and transparent institutions it is impossible to achieve the other objectives. In addition, an environment is created in which companies can lead to human rights violations, so that the Guiding Principles on business and human rights are not met. In this paper, these questions are analyzed in relation to the murder of Berta Cáceres in Honduras. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the militant trajectories of the Argentinean Envar El Kadri and the Frenchman François Gèze as case studies of the connections that emerged during the radicalization of broad sectors of the international left around 1968 and the outpouring of support for the defense of human rights at the beginning of the 1980s. As late as 1975, both actors shared an anti-imperialist discourse and support for revolutionary movements, but in a few years, both El Kadri and Gèze positioned themselves clearly in support of the defense of human rights, repudiating the Argentine dictatorship. From a perspective of connected stories, this paper argues that the change from supporting revolutionary violence to a strict international humanitarian denunciation was not exclusively a Latin American phenomenon. On the contrary, it was a process of global political transformation that had particularities in different regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People with disabilities is one of the most vulnerable groups in any society. The objective of this paper is to reflect about the inclusion and exclusion of people with disabilities in Mexico and specifically in the state of Guanajuato, which helps to understand what happens with government initiatives to provide assistance and support to this sector, population, which is still far from fully exercising its right to work and an independent life. It is a theoretical investigation, of descriptive scope and non-experimental approach. The conclusions suggest that societies are increasingly aware of diversity, however, exclusion still prevails for people with disabilities in different spheres, especially labor, which is reinforced by stereotypes that limit the exercise of their human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the migratory phenomenon in the light of philosophy. Mobility is a fact as old as humanity, it responds to the need for progress, which has significantly helped in the evolution of man. However, war, disease, poverty, social marginalization, conditioned social scenarios and prompted human beings to transcend their geographical limits, seeking better life opportunities, thus guaranteeing the right to survival, advancing towards the consolidation of universal human rights. The present investigation assumes this theoretical-philosophical position; However, it recognizes the political, economic and social impact of migration in current scenarios; Therefore, it evaluates the specific case of the Venezuelan migration to Peru, pointing out the role that the Special Commission for Refugees has played in its performance as a state body whose function is to protect and enforce the right of refugees who enter the country Peruvian territory. For this reason, the importance of international agreements in the protection of refugees is recognized and, at the same time, the intrinsic value that exists in human nature is emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper it is proposed the concept of primal debt in the context of the women reproductive rights. Such a concept unfolds from the critical analysis of the symbiotic relationships between patriarchy and capitalism and the way in which they have historically been involved in perjury and economic exploitation of women through their natural reproductive capacity. In fact, it is an unquestionable biological aspect that women constitute the primary and unique source of continuous human capital generation; main productive factor since always used for the construction of all the material and immaterial wealth of human civilization, and its cumulative economic progress, expressed by the sum of the annual GDP of the nations. Therefore, even though women have achieved important recent achievements in the context of civil and labor rights, it is nevertheless imperative to recognize that there is an accumulated deity of millennia of injustice to women because of the unjustifiable current inexistence of the concept of primal debt, as well as its international recognition and consequent establishment as a topic of extreme social relevance to be developed in the context of the reproductive rights of women. Since, in this work, as a first action for the recognition of this primitive idea, it proposes the introduction of the concept of primal debt in the context of the reproductive rights of women; aiming at the future institution of its due monetary reimbursement, by means of effective legal mechanisms to be developed by the organizations responsible for the policies of defense of the rights of women on a world scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper it is proposed the concept of primal debt in the context of the women reproductive rights. Such a concept unfolds from the critical analysis of the symbiotic relationships between patriarchy and capitalism and the way in which they have historically been involved in perjury and economic exploitation of women through their natural reproductive capacity. In fact, it is an unquestionable biological aspect that women constitute the primary and unique source of continuous human capital generation; main productive factor since always used for the construction of all the material and immaterial wealth of human civilization, and its cumulative economic progress, expressed by the sum of the annual GDP of the nations. Therefore, even though women have achieved important recent achievements in the context of civil and labor rights, it is nevertheless imperative to recognize that there is an accumulated deity of millennia of injustice to women because of the unjustifiable current inexistence of the concept of primal debt, as well as its international recognition and consequent establishment as a topic of extreme social relevance to be developed in the context of the reproductive rights of women. Since, in this work, as a first action for the recognition of this primitive idea, it proposes the introduction of the concept of primal debt in the context of the reproductive rights of women; aiming at the future institution of its due monetary reimbursement, by means of effective legal mechanisms to be developed by the organizations responsible for the policies of defense of the rights of women on a world scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]