Search

The aim of this article is to reflect on linguistic sexism, a kind of discrimination that has women as an object and language as an instrument. Sexist language either ignores women, or treats them as men, or represents them as an exception; such a use of language, which excludes or minimizes some social subjects, linguistically represents their self-denial and contributes to the permanence of common prejudices. The article analyzes two aspects of linguistic sexism: some asymmetries between masculine gender and feminine gender in the Spanish language; as well as some discriminatory linguistic expressions found in academic documents in the Autonomous University of the State of Mexico that hide or diminish the professional or student image of woman. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prison intervention/treatment actions are aimed at addressing the in/reintegration of convicted persons. However, there are few references and results of these actions. This paper aims to analyze the intervention programs in Spain and their relationship with the processes of female in/reinsertion and recidivism. A descriptive univariate and bivariate analysis was performed on a sample of 310 female inmates surveyed in open regime. The results indicate that employment education programs are most in demand, followed by life skills and gender-based violence programs. There is greater participation in the ordinary regime (between 50% and 60%), with repeat offenders standing out (75.3%), which questions the adequacy of their needs in professional actions. The findings show the importance of updating the penitentiary interventionaction from a socio-educational and gender perspective, adapted to the characteristics of women for their in/reinsertion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature on pre-electoral coalitions underlines political hegemony, erosion and electoral cycles as determinants for the creation of anti-hegemonic coalitions. However, in governor elections, the previous conditions appear without the expected results. What is impeding them? It is argued that the lack of local concurrence, few simultaneous elections and electoral nationalization inhibit the formation of this type of coalitions. In order to test the argument, we selected the State of Mexico as an example of a negative case and compared it transversally and longitudinally resorting to a case study approach. This paper aims to reveal the conditions that systematically inhibit the formation of antihegemonic pre-electoral coalitions. Findings include predominance of officialist coalitions, absence of positions for anti-hegemonic negotiation and greater dependence on national resources. It is concluded that the electoral cycle and the state's political dimension increase the nationalization of the election. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on theoretical debate and empirical evidence, both raised in the context of State Reform and Modernization of Public Management processes, this paper proposes a model of synthesis and analysis that allows characterizing such processes. Using a case study methodology, this research demonstrates the usefulness of such a model to the Chilean case, during the 1990-2006 period. There is evidence of particular features of these processes of reform and modernization in the Chilean experience. Said conclusion is based on data collected through the application and analysis of 37 interviews to key actors involved in those processes as well as the collection and analysis of official documents. This article identifies, describes and explains the variables that define the Policy of Modernization of Public Management in the Chilean experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze how citizen participation has been implemented by the autonomous public bodies in Mexico. According to the literature on autonomous public bodies, these are privileged spaces for citizen participation given that autonomy occurs outside the political parties and lobbies' sphere. Especially, when he open government mechanisms are being built. Therefore, is this true? Does open government mean a special space for citizen participation? To carry out the research, 13 in-depth interviews were conducted with people who work or worked in some autonomous bodies. The paper is structured in four sections: the first part reviews key concepts that help to lead the research. The second part goes deeper into methodology and some technical specifications of the fieldwork. The third part presents the results. Finally in the fourth section, conclusions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An overview of some milestones in sociological theory leads to the review of some key contributions of interest to the sociological discussion on the process of becoming a subject. This paper presents the results of such overview, guided by the two major micro-sociological processes involved in the formation of the subject, socialization and subjectivation, and tries to formulate a single theory that emphasises the complementarity of both processes in the formation of the subject within the frame of social structure and its macro-sociological processes of social reproduction and change. In doing so, the starting point is the thesis that a subject is produced between constriction and possibility. The overview is concretized in the field of Education. The paper concludes with the formulation a theory in which action, subject and structure are interconnected through processes of both maintaining and challenging social structures, in so far as the reflexivity of practice makes social change possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The idea of open government has spread across Latin American countries causing confusion and ambiguous interpretations. The concepts of “open government" and “transparency" have been used as synonyms and have created false expectations, but mostly they have been used to implement public policies and government strategies to accomplish the goal of creating a more open government. The purpose of this research is to provide some theoretical elements to clear this confusion. In order to achieve such goal, related papers of academic journals over the past six years have been reviewed and classified on three main paths of knowledge. From this point a concept of open government is proposed and discussed. The aim of this paper is to contribute with a theoretical framework that supports research on open government, transparency and accountability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes how fact-checking is incorporated into Mexican journalism taking into account the experience of Verificado 2018. In-depth interviews were conducted with journalists who collaborated in the project. The results indicate that Verificado 2018 journalists conceive fact-checking as a part of traditional journalism and its democratic objective. However, they pointed out failures in the practice of journalism in Mexico and threats due to the growing phenomenon of fake news. In this context, Verificado 2018 opted for alternatives in the performance of its fact-checking tasks, such as a more horizontal relationship with sources, interaction with the public, collaborative journalism and media literacy stories. They considered though that Verificado 2018 does not have an activist mission. Verificado 2018 fueled the discussion on the quality of Mexican journalism and how journalists can contribute to its improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the concept of cultural efficacy as a paradigm of Communication for Peace and Social Change, heir of the epistemological turn developed by Vicent Martínez Guzmán's Philosophy for Peace. This paper reviews his legacy of peace research as a proposal of dialogic, committed, transformative and interdisciplinary social sciences that define the role of communication in the social fabric from discursive-performative and cultural conceptual and methodological approaches. Finally, we apply this theoretical review of communicative responsibility to a first exploratory study on the refugee and migration crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From a theoretical perspective this paper suggests that consumption in contemporary society is done under a set of values according to an ethic which conceives happiness in a hedonistic way, these values are advertised all over in an almost absolute way (moral monism). This moral monism may explain, partially, the weak correlation between consumption and subjective well-being (happiness and/or satisfaction with life); therefore this paper recommends that consumer should know the role of consumption in personal self-fulfillment in different offers of good life (moral pluralism). Moral pluralism applied to world of consumption would yield, through dialogue, a set of shared values in order to define a different moral identity, for a kind of consumption that impacts more significantly on subjective well-being of consumer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on an inquiry into private security in Argentina, this paper explores some hypotheses developed in the field of economic sociology to study markets: on the one hand, that entrepreneurs use their contacts and reputation to create and maintain a clientele; on the other hand, that companies try to fill niches to avoid an open competition with its contenders. Following the ideas developed by Mark Granovetter and Wayne Baker, the paper shows that the development of a market is not the response to an existing demand, but the result of the initiative of entrepreneurs and the strategies of firms, and that markets generally are not organized as simple and homogeneous realities, but as distinct structures of roles based on limited and restrictive networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on gender violence has been conducted since the sixties. The problem has been conceptualized and documented, although not necessarily looked after. Oaxaca stands out as one of the states where women are more likely to be attacked. This paper analyzes gender violence in Ayutla, a Mixe community of Oaxaca. Data were gathered through quantitative and qualitative methods. The main results are: psychological violence is the most common one; numerous cases of incest and ravishment occur; economic violence generally involves men totally abandoning women; local and State authorities exercise institutional violence by neglecting women s charges. The paper analyzes women's discursive strategies to re-signify their rights, and a successful case of rape within marriage which strengthened the struggle for such rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyze in greater detail the forms and kinds of violence, following the classifications made from Peace Research. In this paper we set out a summary of reasons, origins, forms, results, ambiguity of the word violence, but above all, the factors that determine the violent behavior of human beings: such as instinct, social learning, frustration, etc., which can be exploited as intellectual tools to induce human beings into understanding, harmony, and especially, the transformation of conflicts. Following Johan Galtung, we try to clarify the types of violence: direct (verbal, psychological and physical); structural (poverty, repression, pollution, alignment, etc.); cultural (from ideas, norms, values, tradition, etc.), and/or symbolic (demonstrations by acts or rituals that give recognition to direct and structural violence). Finally, noting that the central thesis of this paper is that "human being is conflictive by nature, but violent because of education and culture". This thesis is supported by defining three aspects: a) The meaning of violence (a typically human phenomenon, biologically free but psychologically voluntary); b) The manifestations of violence, and c) its possible taxonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study which this paper refers to aims to identify the internal and external factors comprised in the gender pay gap in a scientific institution. The research is based on the case of the University of Valencia, with secondary data from the 2015 payroll register. We measured the adjusted pay gap by worked hour, the doubly adjusted gap (by hour and category) and triply adjusted (by hour, category and compensation supplement). Such gap appears in all staff categories, which is reinforced by the presence of children. The magnitude of the gap and the weight of the diverse wage components varies between professional categories and fields of knowledge. We conclude that gender pay gap is not the result of a difference in merit between male and female academics, but of the functional structure of universities and of the general social structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The peace process in Colombia, which puts an end to the longest internal conflict in Latin America, is a complex and multi-faceted process. The objective of this paper is to analyze Transitional Justice from the perspective of Irenology with a gender perspective. For this reason, a qualitative tool was developed consisting of a semi-structured in-depth interview in which it was observed that peace has ceased to be a matter for States and has become a matter for citizens, even though women's contributions to peacebuilding in the country are scarce. Thus, the advances achieved through the theorization of peace must be materialized in reality in such a way that the construction of peace as a process that concerns all citizens involves women not only in the political sphere but also in their daily lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the way LGTBI+ people are represented by conservative and progressive Spanish newspapers. With this purpose in mind, a corpus has been compiled with news items published regarding the ratification of the legal nature of homosexual marriage in Spain on November 6, 2012. As a method, we have analyzed transitivity and the semantic roles of processes as an instrument of the Critical Discourse Analysis methodology. The main results reveal that there is a substantial difference between conservative and progressive newspapers: the prominence given by the conservative press to LGTBI+ people represents just one third of that displayed by the progressive press; the conservative press reduces the levels of consciousness, voice, cognition, desire, emotion and perception as compared to the progressive, which strengthens them. Finally, the conservative press uses negative processes as an LGTBI+ people's intrinsic feature; whilst the progressive uses them to reveal social injustice against them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes three dimensions of elite-mass congruence in Chile and Uruguay: (a) ideological; (b) public issues, support, and satisfaction with democracy; and, (c) economic preferences on the role of the State. Data from probabilistic national surveys and surveys on elites financed by IDRC-Canada and carried out from 2013 to 2014 in each country are used. Congruence indexes are calculated to identify gaps between citizens and representatives. The main indexes used are Relative Citizen Congruence and Earth Mover's Distance, a recent innovation borrowed from computer science. The findings show a greater ideological congruence in Chile, a greater congruence on support to democracy in Uruguay, and important gaps on education issues in Chile. Furthermore, in both countries there is greater congruence regarding relevant public issues between higher socioeconomic level population and the political elite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to explore discourses on the possibilities and limitations identified by relevant actors in the sphere of paid work to set up a national agenda on labor-family policies that are compatible with gender equality in Chile. The study is based on in-depth interviews with managers of organizations in different productive sectors, workers' representatives, legislators and officers of the Chilean government. The interviews sought to establish their perceptions on the importance of labor-family balance and policies aimed to promote it, the place of such policies in the political agenda and the conditions necessary to successfully implement them. Two main obstacles to set a national gender-friendly agenda on work-family policies were identified: first, the persistent identification of carework as a female responsibility, thereby, a situation that only affects female workers. Second, the discursive tension between the ideas of productivity and worker's welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corruption cases are increasingly recurring in the Hispanic American press. The present article studies, from the standpoint of the interpretative responsibility of journalism, the editorial framework of one of the leading newspapers in Spain. From a qualitative methodology such as Discourse Analysis, this paper responds to the objective of "analyzing the media treatment of political corruption in Spain, through the analysis of the headlines of El País and El Mundo (newspapers with the highest circulation and the largest number of readers in the country)." Among the results, it is worth highlighting a personalization of the treatment of processes and events of corruption, omission responsibilities by the power structures, as well as some editorial bias as regards the nominalization of the different political parties involved in the current topics covered. The main conclusion of this research is the urgent need to encourage a type of press that favors an interpretative contribution, which allows citizenship to understand and comprehend corruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following Bertrand Russell's biography (1872-1970), logic-mathematician, philosopher, 1950 Literature Nobel prize winner and pacifist militant during almost all the conflictive 20th century, this paper analyzes the double conflict that faces a pacifist: one of civil disobedience to a government that has declared a war, and that of relative social marginalization with a public opinion when this is favorable mostly to that war. After a brief analysis of Pacifism contrasting it with a double tradition in the political Anglo-Saxon thinking, the utilitarianism and the social contract theory, this paper puts emphasis in Russell's personal distinction between "prestige" and "value" wars. He was a pacifist in the First World War considering it a prestige war, but was an opponent partisan to Nazism in the Second World War understanding that it was a combat of values. He will come back to a pacifist activism in his opposition to the Vietnam War. These different stances before war, related to what in each case is in jeopardy, is known as "relative political pacifism" whose most genuine representative was Russell himself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender mainstreaming has become the major tool for governments to promote gender equality since 1995 Beijing Conference. This paper reviews the achievements of GM in Mexican environmental policy through the analysis of two programs operated by SEMARNAT, Equidad de Género, Medio Ambiente y Sustentabilidad program (2002-2006), Hacia la Igualdad de Género y la Sustentabilidad Ambiental program (2007-2012), and Programa Nacional Hídrico (2007-2012). Drawing on this analysis, the paper makes some recommendations to mainstream gender in the design and implementation of the country's water policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the downfall of the authoritarian regime ruling Mexico for more than seven decades, the relationship between politicians, the mass media and public opinion transformed dramatically. This paper addresses such a transformation of political communication by looking at the 1994, 2000 and 2006 presidential campaigns in a comparative perspective. The analysis observes specific changes in the area, such as the displacement of the traditional centers of power which determined the political relations during the authoritarian regime, as well as the breakdown of the corporatist compliances that characterized the media-government relations. Further traits that illustrate contemporary changes in political communication in Mexico are the establishment of a plural spectrum of powerful media whose barons act as powerful pressure groups; and the instability of Mexican electorate, which in turn fuels the prevalence of both independent and 'soft vote' over the 'hard vote'. Finally, the paper concludes that candidate's media and communication strategies during the 2006 presidential campaigns were the most influential factors of the election. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Empowerment can be defined as women's ability increment to widen their life options and make their own decisions. It can be looked at in three dimensions: personal, close relationships and collective. Several studies have pointed out the uneven advancement in these dimensions and women's greater difficulties to transform the close relationship dimension. This paper analyzes three issues of such dimension: women's possibilities to manage their own income; their ability to negotiate their domestic workload; and their freedom of movement. For this purpose, in-depth interviews were conducted with 27 women who compose the Regional Fund of Chontal Women from Tabasco (Fondo Regional de Mujeres Chontales de Tabasco). A family typology was constructed in order to analyze these three issues according to each family's composition and life cycle. Results evidence women's ability to negotiate changes in income management and freedom of movement, but not in the redistribution of their domestic workload. In the concluding section, the paper discusses these findings and comares them to those obtained in similar works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper emphasizes the importance of agro-ecology in the search for sustainability in natural resource management in rural areas. It starts by discussing the relevance of achieving balance between the natural and social systems. A holistic interpretation of natural and human systems through the concept of coevolution, as well as the incorporation of sociocultural and economic elements in the analysis of ecosystems, is proposed, emphasizing the challenge of the transition from market values to ecological and human welfare principles. In the second part of the study, a multidisciplinary approach to the management of agro-ecological systems is presented as a fundamental requirement for sustainability, stressing the importance of agro-ecology in efforts to achieve development, productivity, and social profit in the long term. The paper then discusses the challenges faced by agricultural research regarding the study of complex interactions and interdisciplinarity, emphasizing the importance of institutions in researching and promoting the practice of agro-ecology. It concludes by analyzing the applications, limitations, potentials, and perspectives of agro-ecology as an emerging discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to approach the relationships among science, technology and politics and the role that various actors have played, in the control of orientations in the development of these activities. Some of the questions that are moving our research and that are guiding this paper, are: which is the extent of the mediation by interest groups and power networks in the stimulus or lack or support to science and technology?; how are integrated the groups or elites that have defined the road of science and technology policies?; what is the historical process followed in the creation of those groups? Finally the paper argues that the fight field in the control of science and technology policies, is becoming become more complex, as new agents, new interests and new conceptions are entering in play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The changes occurred in the management systems of public administration at present allow greater accountability and transparency. The purpose of this paper is twofold; firstly, study the level of transparency in the Spanish Public Administration, in particular we will focus on local governments; and, secondly, to determine those factors or variables that are affecting the levels of transparency. The methodology used to analyze the level of transparency used the transparency index of municipalities build by Transparency International in Spain as a proxy. For the treatment of the data, univariate and multivariate analyses are performed. The pressures exerted by citizens and other stakeholders are leading municipalities to become more transparent in the process of creating legitimacy before citizens and stakeholders. Those municipalities, where citizens have greater access to the Internet, have more population, fiscal pressure is heavier and are governed by left-wing parties, are more pressured to be transparent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the public debate there is a couple of concepts that seem to dominate the landscape. It means, they apparently do not permit the presence of other member on the ground: Welfare State and Minimal State. Each of them has a specific administrative model: the Welfare State corresponds to the Traditional Public Administration (TPA); the Minimal State corresponds to New Public Administration (NPM). In addition, on the one hand, the interventionist model had a strong theoretical background with the complex of social-democrat ideas. On the other hand, the libertarian model has had a powerful system of ideas. This paper challenges the perception that there is just one binomial of models. In contrast, there is a Third Way which in the administrative dimension corresponds to governance through community networks. And they both have, as I will show, a heavy support of ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regarding migration changes between Mexico and the USA, this study focuses on the increase and diversification of migration between Chiapas and the USA during the period 2000-2007. This paper argues that not only economic conditions are the explanation to these migrations but also, in certain regions, political processes and impacts of natural disasters were important drivers for migration -a combination of causes in the context of migration-. Based on different sources (indicators of migration intensity, index on the remittance reception, migratory censuses, demographic surveys, quantitative and qualitative migratory studies), the increase in migration is shown at a state and regional level. Furthermore, the increase of migration in certain regions is assessed in relation with its causes (social, environmental, political and economical) showing that, migrations are multicausal processes spatially differentiated on the basis of the migrants' place of origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to analyze intertextuality in journalistic discourses regarding migration in transit over Mexican territory. Based on 131 informative texts published between 2012 and 2017 in newspaper "El Universal" and following a mixed methodology --descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis-- we analyze how such newspaper refers to the voices of social actors in their texts about Central American clandestine transmigration, according to two contrasting practices: routine journalism and investigative journalism. Likewise, inferences are made about the power that different actors have over and in journalistic discourses, that is, the access they have to these discourses and the control they exert over their characteristics. The voices of the state actors were the most frequently mentioned and in a way that allows us to infer a considerable, but not absolute, power over journalistic discourses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the centrality that the educational reforms of Pacto por México give to the rules of the game --vis a vis teacher behavior--, this paper examines its preexisting institutional design. The starting point was the existing claims that such design created agency problems. Our purpose was to prove the configuration of a specific type of agency problem: organizational moral hazard. We deconstructed normativity with the Institutional Grammar Tool (IGT), proposed by Crawford and Ostrom (1995). IGT allows to systematically identify --if any-- the rules present in policy documents, unveiling the genetic code of policies that configure arenas where individuals display their interactions. We found that the way control management at schools is structured in relation to the application of sanctions to teachers constitutes a moral hazard situation given its assumptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an indicator to measure the level of electoral political sophistication was created to determine, along with the traditional indicator of political sophistication, the impact of communicative variables on their presence. For this, an analytical survey was applied after the elections of governors in the Mexican states of Nuevo Leon (2015), Puebla (2016) and Mexico (2017). Findings showed a positive impact of the follow-up of web pages regarding politics and interactive communication in both dimensions of sophistication as well electoral debates on electoral sophistication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the findings of an ethnographic research, this paper proposes to analyze the labor trajectories in “informal” garment workshops of Peruvian migrants who live in territories of urban relegation of Cordoba (Argentina), regarding their strategies to access the city and family reproduction. Moreover, it explores the community practices, as resources of local organization intended for self-management, mobilized in neighborhoods in connection with the development of garment workshops. This study shows how some processes that exceed migration itself –such as presence/absence (selective) of the State in urban spaces, informal labor networks and difficulties to access housing– are related to mobility and labor insertions, making it possible and stimulating the existence and proliferation of informal garment workshops in specific places of the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes Kirchnerism as a populist political process. Using specific literature, it is possible to reconstruct the change in the political and social alliances of the government, marked by the conflict with the agricultural fraction of the bloc in power in 2008. This conflict caused a change in the emphasis on the political strategy of the government, which modified its discourse and alliances. On this basis, the article proposes a periodization of the process in two stages, changing from the populist rupture to a particularistic affirmation of the Kirchnerist identity. The article shows in detail the new features of the political order after 2008. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper compares the commuicative definitions of “the social” proposed by Niklas Luhmann and Jürgen Habermas from a systematic perspective. From the results reached, the reciprocal receptions between the authors are discussed and a renewed theoretical interpretation of divergences and convergences is proposed. The hypothesis of the work states that Habermas and Luhmann, based in the concept of communication, converge in a radically dyadic and multi-leveled conception of the sociological analytical unit, however they diverge in its analytical segmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a dialogue process within the framework of the Basque Country conflict. Taking the proposals of systemic conflict transformation approach, a scene of dialogue was designed to generate consensuses on the fundamental issues that involves peace in Basque Country. After exposing the study’s theoretical foundation, the article explains the elements and phases of process of ongoing dialogue. Later, it presents consensuses obtained on the questions worked, that is, reconciliation and coexistence, memory and historical narrative, the political dimension of conflict, citizen participation for peace, victims and prisoners. Finally, the paper presents recommendations for peace in Basque Country, as the participation of all stakeholders, the adoption of the human rights as common floor for peace, the disarming of ETA and the transformation of penitentiary and counterterrorism policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the impact of the implementation of New Public Management doctrines in Chilean public administration. In this work, three administrative doctrines are presented and linked with three corruption scandals that took place in Chile. The research strategy is qualitative, using a case study approach for data gathering. This paper is aimed at exploring the potential connection between the implementation of these new administrative doctrines and the emergence of deeds that are at odds with public ethics. After presenting these three cases, three alternative solutions to those newly adapted doctrines are presented, which are a better prescription regarding public agencies’ performance in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current crisis, citizens are demanding greater public sector transparency and accountability. In this paper, we advance the understanding of sustainability practices in public administration. We propose to compare the dissemination of sustainability of various regional governments, analyzing the websites of these regional governments through a content analysis, using for this purpose a list of items obtained from the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines. Our results show that Spanish regional governments, spread two-thirds of the information in the GRI guidelines, being the social information which presents a higher level of response and corresponding general aspects which has a lower level of dissemination. In addition, those regional governments with greater environmental commitment are those who publish more information about sustainability. From our conclusions, we emphasize that the poor financial situation of the Spanish regional governments does not seem to promote them to disseminate information about sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the cultural construction of socio-ecological inequalities, recovering the concept of environmental suffering for the analysis of a territory with high environmental degradation: the "Polimetales" case located in the city of Arica, Chile, studied through an ethnographic methodology during 2013, 2014 and 2015. The paper attempts to establish the ways in which the subjects involved in these territories experience this environmental suffering, interpret socio-environmental unequal relationships and try to modify them. By means of this analysis, the article focus on the dynamics of conflict about inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo describe y analiza críticamente los pasos principales en la elaboración de proyectos sociales, vistos como herramientas de gestión colectiva en la solución de problemas de interés general. Especialmente se enfatizan implicaciones de la implementación y valoración de los impactos de los proyectos sociales en el ámbito rural, donde persisten escenarios de pobreza y marginación. Por otro lado, se plantea la necesidad de analizar de manera integral la formulación y desarrollo de los proyectos, en donde se debe poner especial énfasis en la inclusión participativa de los actores involucrados, así como una mayor confianza y legitimidad a las acciones de combate a la pobreza o de promoción del desarrollo. Asimismo, el texto sugiere pautas y recomendaciones en el proceso de gestión de proyectos sociales, que pueden ser útiles para gestores, técnicos de campo, promotores comunitarios, entre otros agentes dinamizadores de los territorios rurales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies focuses on clients of prostitution in Spain in order to understand why these men pay for sex. We analyzed the narratives of users clients of prostitution through in-depth semi-directed interviews, group interviews, and discussion groups. This material is given structure by the application of the theory of frame analysis. We obtained four ideal client types of clients were obtained, namely: misogynist (hatred of women), consumerist (everything is for sale), friend (affectionate but abusive), and critic (ocasional and repentant). We reach the conclusion that From this point of view the purchase of sex has nothing to do with is not due to the searching for quality sex, fun and hedonistic pleasure, but rather it is a strategy to that reinforces a masculine identity that conforms molded by to the expectations of the peer group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper reviews Spanish social scientific literature analyzing the employment of the "diversity" concept applied to the school field. The research methodology started with detailed scrutiny and examination of the Social Sciences journals indexed in CSIC-ISOC and DIALNET databases, published between 2006 and 2012, followed by the documentary analysis of 218 articles extracted from those sources. Discourse analysis enables us to single out distinct narrative configurations about how "the other" is defined at school grounds. Results show two hegemonic narrative patterns: an institutional narrative based upon the legal sorting of students classified by scholar results and abilities, and an intercultural narrative constructed around cultural categories that would differentiate nationals from foreigners. We conclude that both accounts unveil predominantly essentialized views of the "diversity" idea and its conceptualization, failing to ponder over other social and economic categories when addressing school related inequalities and differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes to examine the information consumption habits emerging in journalism students in Colombia, Peru and Venezuela, in particular the trend of infoxication and information overload in their communication ecosystem and also to analyze the media-literacy skills acquired over their training. The methodology focused on a digital self-administered quantitative questionnaire, applied to 1,603 third-year students of journalism at universities in Medellin, Lima and Caracas. Key findings are intensive use of Internet and social media that exceeds 5 hours a day, with especial attention to the fact that most of the content received through these networks is pseudo-information and stressing that media literacy training for informative consumption is preeminently self-taught. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper defines the concept of civic know-hows in the light of their components such as civic intelligence, civic engagement, social control and collaborative participation, as well as how their analysis is used to propose a kind of innovation in participatory governance. Through a theoretical exploration, we approach, on the one hand, the explanation of the elements of innovation in participatory governance, and on the other, the determination of the general meeting place in the complementary relation between the components of civic know-hows and the implementation of an improvement process or a new management, the introduction of a new service or improving the quality of an existing one, as well as the ways of providing them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many national and international organizations consider that the U.S. economic crisis is the reason behind a significant decrease of migratory flows, from and through Mexico, towards the United States in 2009. This has also increased the number of cases of abuse and deportation of migrants. This paper analyzes the cause for deportation of migrants from all over the United States to Mexico. Furthermore, we will depict the violence and abuse that this vulnerable group of people are subject to in Mexico, not only by municipal, federal or migration authorities, but by other actors of the migratory process, called “coyotes", who also violate migrant's human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I will discuss —from an approach that recovers the sociology of the body and emotions— the first actions in the field of social policy in Argentina in the early nineteenth century, conducted by the Charitable Society of the Capital. From a qualitative analysis of secondary data, I will discuss the impact that government intervention possesses in terms of certain assumptions related to how the beneficiaries of social policies should behave. It is concluded that governmental interventions together with the regime of capitalist accumulation presuppose a set of emotions and sensitivities related to living in an abject deprivation condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the social representations of families and schools with regard to their mutual involvement. The objectives are: a) to identify through the discourse of teachers, families and social agents the reasons and intentions behind involvement; and b) according to these discourse, to characterize families in relation to the way in which they fit in with legitimated relationship norms. Research was conducted in six Early Education and Primary schools in disadvantaged contexts located in Andalusia (Spain), with projects aimed at strengthening relationships between schools, families, and the community. The techniques used to produce information were individual and group interviews. The findings show a dichotomic characterisation of families: deficient vs. normalisation. Furthermore, civil associations are seen to play a role as mediators in such relationships, encouraging reflection within schools and enabling the accomplishment of more complex interpretations based on the social and cultural conditioning factors that frame these relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the orientation towards competition and market that many educational systems have taken over last decades, this paper analyzes the characteristics, consequences and implications of the installation of these logics in the educational field from a paradigmatic case study: the Chilean school system. The article shows how this system is organized from the resignation of the role of the state in education, the centrality of private schools, the implementation of demand subsidies and the implementation of strong accountability, which has enhanced and deepened educational segregation, reducing the freedom of choice and generating social mobilization in the country, producing marked changes in the structures, processes and educational outcomes. Against this reality, we discuss the necessity and possibility of building a new educational logic, based on reflectivity, development of critical thinking, intelligent accountability and integral education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shares the results of a qualitative study that examined the social processes that lead to the practice of begging in men with disabilities in the City of Buenos Aires, with the intention to problematize the diagnosis asserting a change in attitudes toward this minority from the International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Critically retrieving the social model of disability, we identified four routes associated with new forms of vulnerability promoted by today's capitalism in peripheral contexts (job loss, weakening of networks, chronic unemployment and naturalization of disability as an individual medical tragedy), which configure the possibility conditions of this postcard. We conclude that these processes show the existence of disability policies and supportability mechanisms erected to survive in an unequal world, expressing the problem of the “new social question". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to show that Bourdieu's first methodological approach to overcome Dilthey's opposition between “explain and understand" has a misrecognized basis in the remarks by Merleau-Ponty on the same topic. We will verify that this is understandable if one considers that Bourdieu was trained as a philosopher in the framework of learning oriented toward the phenomenological tradition and that such “philosophical cultural capital" works in his first methodological experimentation in the passage from philosophy to socio-anthropology in Algeria (1957-1964). This will show that although the thesis on “explain and understand" reappears in The Weight of the World 30 years later, it does not respond to a wink of accommodation to “postmodernism", but to a methodological approach that is a clear development from the beginning of Bourdieu's reflections on the statute of social sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the major transformations in the Mexican party system that occurred during the protracted process of democratic transition; it is divided into three parts. The first part is a brief review of the factors that contributed to the process of political-electoral change. In the second part, we carry out an analysis of changes in a number of dimensions of the Mexican party system, based on aggregate electoral data at national and district levels, as well as on data from public opinion surveys. The third part presents an analysis of the ideological structure of political competitiveness based on data from surveys on the left-right ideological stances of Mexican federal legislators. The paper shows important changes in the structure and behaviour of the Mexican electorate, such as increasing partisan de-alignment, as well as a growing level of competitiveness and fractionalization of the party system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]