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The species Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi, race 2, which causes bacterial hereque or moko in musaceae, constitutes a taxonomically complex unit that exhibits a wide genetic, physiological, serological and host range diversity. For this reason, two strains (R4 and R5) selected for their pathogenicity were identified and characterized. For this, 27 samples from 10 symptomatic plants were processed, from which colonies of irregular shape, flat elevation, mucoid appearance, thick edges, cream color and reddish central pigmentation of different intensities were obtained, using selective culture media such as nutrient agar and tetrazolium. Microscopic observations determined the presence of pure colonies, characterized as Gram-negative with straight and curved rods. Pathogenicity tests performed on healthy plants inoculated with the two strains by infiltration resulted in the characteristic symptomatology of the disease. For molecular identification, the universal primers U1 and U2 were used, which amplified a 996 bp band that, when sequenced and compared with the GeneBank® database, revealed 80.58% identity and 92% coverage in isolate R4, and 81.74% identity and 82% coverage for isolate R5. In addition, the specific primers OLI1 and Y2 were used, which amplified a band of 288 bp, allowing the identification of the samples studied as R. solanacearum. These isolates can be used in different breeding programs to search for tolerance to this pathogen and to generate strategies for the integrated management of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than movements across space, journeys in the Hebrew Scriptures are a reflection of spiritual journeys; they are stories of personal or community transformation, which involve a process of purification and conversion, and in which the travelers acquire greater wisdom and profound freedom by following the ways of the Lord. In their itineraries, biblical men and women come to know themselves, strengthen their vocation-mission and recognize their vulnerability, learning to distinguish the paths of the Lord and to grow in maturity to the extent that they accept and commit themselves to God’s liberating project for them as individuals, as well as for his people. These journeys are experiences of revelation in which God’s people discover his love, his continuous and faithful itinerancy with those he has chosen and fallen in love with, and his encouragement in moments of difficulty and crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Determine the presence of Salmonella spp and the AMR in isolates of cloacal and muscle swabs in specimens of Caiman crocodilus fuscus and Crocodylus acutus in captivity, in Colombia. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional and descriptive sampling was carried out with a nonprobabilistic design for convenience, once, during the month of February 2021. 150 Caiman crocodilus fuscus and Crocodylus acutus animals were included, with a 50/50 distribution. Cloacal and muscle samples were taken with sterile swabs. These were planted on MacConkey agar, then on SS agar. These positive samples were then reconfirmed on TSI agar. Serotyping was performed with specific monovalent and polyvalent antisera. The diffusion test was performed on Mueller-Hinton agar. Results. There was no growth of colonies in any muscle sample. The presence of the bacteria in cloacal samples of Caiman crocodilus fuscus was 36% and for Crocodylus acutus 50.6%. The serotypes with the highest detection percentage in both groups were serogroup C1 and polyvalent serogroup B. Some colonies were resistant to tetracycline, while other colonies had intermediate resistance to ampicillin, cefoxitin, sulfa trimethoprim, and tetracycline. Conclusions. This is the first report related to the detection of Salmonella spp. in alligator carcasses in the country, without finding the presence of the agent in any sample evaluated, however, the importance of continuing its monitoring is emphasized to guarantee innocuous products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Biológico Agropecuaria Tuxpan is the property of Revista Biologico Agropecuaria Tuxpan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Vibrio cholerae is a potential human pathogen that inhabits aquatic environments, although its presence and abundance have been associated with increased water temperature, little research has been done on its ecology in tropical estuarine environments, where salinity changes tend to be more important. The present study evaluated the distribution of V. cholerae in the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta and its relationship with temperature and salinity; For this, between 2016 and 2018 this microorganism was quantified bimonthly in surface water samples, using TCBS agar and biochemical tests. V. cholerae was detected in 57 of 198 samples (28.8 %), varying in density between 5 CFU / 100 mL and 54,800 CFU / 100 mL. Between January and September 2016 there was a high average monthly salinity (= 28.7 °C) and a low detection of the bacteria (0.01 %). Average salinity dropped drastically in November 2016 (9.6), coinciding with a proliferation of V. cholerae (geometric average 36.4 CFU / 100 mL). During 2017 and 2018, the average salinity remained below 15.2 and the detection of V. cholerae was higher (39.4 %) than in 2016, with higher densities in the months with lower salinity. At the BVA and NVE stations, where palaphytic populations are located, the highest average (geometric) densities were recorded, 25.3 CFU / 100mL and 15.4 CFU / 100mL, respectively. The results of this study show that salinity plays a determining role in the occurrence and abundance of V. cholerae in this tropical lagoon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the activity of the ethanolic extract of Punica granatum rind against biofilm formers Staphylococcus aureus. Materials and methods: Coloration and precipitation reactions: To determine secondary metabolites. Microbiological study: With 30 strains isolated from catheters and S. aureus ATCC® 25923 biofilm former as control strain. Congo red agar: To identify biofilm producers strains. Determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC): By the colorimetric microdilution with extract dilutions (2000-3.9 µg/mL). Results: Reducing sugars, flavonoids and phenolic compounds were identified. It was determined that 67% of the strains had the ability to form biofilms. The MICs of the extract showed weak, moderate and good activity against 40, 45 and 15% of the strains. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of the Punica granatum rind showed activity against strains of S. aureus biofilms producers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the research was to evaluate the organoleptic characteristics of 3D carved gelatin, made from gelling agents such as agar and carrageenan. A 2 x 3 experimental design was used, where agar and carrageenan were used at three concentrations (0.2; 0.35 and 0.45% m/m). To select the best formulation, a sensory analysis was carried out, using a balanced incomplete block design, where transparency, flavor, texture and aroma were evaluated. It was obtained that the best results in terms of organoleptic properties was with a concentration of 0.35 m/m of agar in its formulation. The combination of agar and gelatin transferred properties such as flexibility and resistance to high temperatures to the product. The microbiological results of the best treatment were within the ranges established in the INEN 1521:2019 standard. The characteristics of this new innovative product in terms of taste, appearance, texture and appearance make it unique in the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reviews the successive symbolic dimensions that the figure of Sarah, Abraham's wife, acquires, from its biblical origins in Genesis of LXX to the comments of the Fathers of the Church, focusing especially in the interpretations of Philo of Alexandria and Paul of Tarsus. Sarah symbolizes in Philo virtue -ἀρετή- and wisdom -σοφία- and, by means of a particular exegesis of Gn 18. 11, virginity in its pure state. Paul's version (Gal 4. 21-31) of the story of Sarah and Hagar displaces the Jews from the inheritance of the promise and places Christians on that pedestal, and Sarah as the mother of Christianity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]