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In this paper I will compare the philosophical notions of "active love" and "charity" present in the works The Brothers Karamazov (1879-1880) by Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821-1881) and El Cristo de Espaldas (Backwards Christ; 1952) by Eduardo Caballero Calderón (1910-1993). I will analyze both perspectives within the historical context of their respective periods, as well as within their own narrative structures. I also consider them as personal expressions of metaphysical-social visions whose roots can be found in the religious and philosophical works of authors as Vladimir Solovyov, in the case of Dostoevsky, and Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, in the case of Caballero Calderón. The main goal is to demonstrate how both positions provide an ethical and collective proposal against the selfishness and violence of the world, through an approach that intermingles a permanent social action and a spiritual metamorphosis. Two visions that, I trust, continue to have relevance for the contemporary reader. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the correlations between literature and secularization in Spanish American Modernism, in this paper I aim to identify the main ways in which Clemente Palma questions traditional morality in Cuentos Malévolos. By analyzing first some paratexts of the book, four main ways are identified for the revision of that morality, a rereading that is explained from the positivist and Nietzschean parameters that Palma takes as a reference. At the same time, and as a counterpoint, an attempt is made to discover some of the contradictions of this revision, which are due to both the limitations of Palma's own ideological framework and to the demands of the secularization discourse itself, which always needs the sacred to define itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the grammaticalization of future and conditional tenses in Navarro-Aragonese and Medieval Castilian during the 13th and 14th centuries. It examines the variation between synthetic verb forms with postposed object pronouns and analytic forms with mesoclitic pronouns, and shows that Navarro-Aragonese has a higher frequency of use of synthetic forms. It is concluded that the advancement of this change may have started in the northern Pyrenees and then spread through language and dialect contact in the Iberian Peninsula. [Extracted from the article]

This paper investigates whether stress, possibly aggravated by the Covid-19 pandemic, is a problem that affects the quality of life of the Spanish rural population. It is a subject that has been little dealt with in Spain, where there is a tendency to associate life in rural areas with peace and quiet, as opposed to presumed stressful living in urban areas. The aim is to study the situation in four rural populations of Galicia and Castilla y León, with special attention to owners and workers of livestock farms, using semi-structured interviews conducted between April and July, 2022. The results show the presence of stress among entrepreneurs and farm workers, mainly related to economic difficulties, as well as a deterioration of their relationship with workers in the service sector. This approach to rural stress concludes by identifying different forms of stress that affect the rural population and disturb the idyllic image of these territories, which has traditionally made these territories attractive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on analyzing the gender differences and inequalities that occur in decision-making about the distribution of domestic work in a couple's relationship. The objective is to examine the different ways that couples make decisions, and the relationship that this has to the distribution of tasks. Methodologically, quantitative techniques using frequency analysis are applied to a subsample of the Andalusian population obtained via the Spanish General Social Survey (3201 of 2018). The results show that gender inequality is more pronounced among couples in which decision-making about household distribution of tasks occurs implicitly. The main findings of the study show that couples who talk about sharing and come to an agreement have the highest percentages of domestic co-responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has two objectives: to analyse the mode of quantification of the prefixes, and to explain why only indefinite prefixes and universal ones can be degree modifiers. These prefixes can quantify the number of entities the base expresses (multitarea 'multi-task'), the argument of the base (multiadicción 'multi-addiction'), or the number of times a reality or condition takes place (bicampeón 'bi-champion'). Furthermore, indefinite prefixes and universal ones constitute scales, understood as gradable series with opposite poles, which makes them to function as degree modifiers (pluripoblado 'pluri-populated, very populated', omniconocido 'omni-known, well-known'). On the contrary, numeral prefixes establish ranks or non-gradable and unbounded series, a fact that disqualifies them as degree modifiers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El caballero de Erlaiz is one of the novels by Pío Baroja that have been most neglected. Written after his return from exile in Paris during the Spanish war, it contains an embarrassing incursion in the 18th century and the War of the Pyrenees, that is, in events more distant than the ones he had usually written about in trilogies like La selva oscura, pieces such as Zalacaín el aventurero or the series Memorias de un hombre de acción, which deal with the 19th and the 20th centuries. In this paper I suggest that below this journey in History Baroja was not only praising the spirit of the Enlightenment but also developing a criticism of the present, through a reconsideration of History and the genre of historical novel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article establishes the need to develop new University disciplines to increase the creativity based on critical experiences (personal and literary). A definition for «the writer's voice» is proposed. The writer's voice comprehends selfknowledge, a way of perceiving reality and the arts, and, at the same time, it is the creative writing's driving force. The second part of the paper consists of a description of the Creative Writing Master at Universidad Complutense de Madrid, through several examples of literary exercises and teaching methods to stimulate and strengthen each student's voice. This proposal finds itself integrated into the renovation of teaching Humanities in the middle of the so-called Artificial Intelligence era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the article is to analyse the methodology proposed by Friedrich Nietzsche and Michel Foucault to study ancient spirituality and its inheritance in modern and contemporary culture. This methodology, according to the hypothesis explored in the paper, attributes a key role to philology or the art of reading well, which leads them both to elaborate a critical and retroactive hermeneutics, especially fruitful when it comes to understanding the different emergences of spirituality in the history of Western culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes and explains the transformations in Biblical interpretation since the mid-20th century by means of the Habermasian category of the Post-secular. After proposing a possible definition of post-secular readings as distinct from both the religious and the secular ones, the article substantiates the claim that a Postsecular hermeneutics avant la lettre preceded not only Habermas's elaboration of that concept but also the reawakening of religious phenomena in current multicultural societies in a global context. In order to spell out these early instances of a Postsecular spirit, the Biblical studies by three relevant contemporary authors have been selected: scholar Luis Alonso Schökel; literary critic and theorist Harold Bloom, and philosopher Paul Ricoeur. The results of my analysis hint to the conclusion that some practitioners of this Post-secular hermeneutics were aware of being at the start of something new. In Paul Ricoeur's case, this leads to the development of a new concept, post-criticism, synonymous and forerunner to the current Habermasian concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to develop a benchmark method to identify best practices in higher education across the country, in relation with management practices of academic productivity gender gaps and their impact on family responsibilities. This paper uses a qualitative approach to collect relevant information from official web pages from sixteen international universities previously selected. All information related to best practices policies implemented in each university was charted and assigned to one of the following categories for further analysis: ranking, gender policies, gender gaps, academic productivity, and childcare responsibilities. Results from this study revealed that the main best practices implemented in the included universities were practices related to harassment prevention, gender equality at college admission, development of protocols, leadership training, scholarships for study and research programs, adequate infrastructure, childcare financial support, flexible work schedules, family leave policies, improvement of the work environment and the development of departments in charge of follow-up and regular assessment of the proposed strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the final decades of the 20th century, territorial political economy was influenced by both urban and regional economy. The first called attention to the "triumph of the cities" and the second to the importance of consolidating "a new regionalism." Over the course of the 21st century, on the other hand, urban and regional economies have been conceptually articulated as a result of the "metropolitan revolution." The central objective of this article is to reflect on the characteristics of this process, the possible impacts and the great challenges. To conclude, this paper suggests that regional cohesion is determined by a functional polycentric territorial structure, a productive and sustainable economy and a multilevel and multi-scale governance model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen as an energy vector can provide energy in applications from low to large scale and contributes to the promotion of renewable energies as low-carbon emission alternatives. This paper presents a literature review on hybrid green hydrogen systems. It was found that 23% of the articles review different methodologies and comparisons of hydrogen technologies, 15% present technical, economic and environmental analyses of hydrogen-based systems and projects. Fifty-three percent of the reviewed articles focus on artificial intelligence methodologies and use of commercial software for sizing, energy management and optimization of these models on hybrid renewable energy systems with a high focus on off-grid systems. The potential for simulation models to be developed on this topic is quite large because of the decarbonization brought by hydrogen. The models should consider additional aspects of the entire hydrogen value chain to have a complete vision of its development in Colombia, taking into account the development opportunities in the framework of different energy scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the centuries, the populations of human beings settled in the surroundings of water tributaries have indiscriminately disposed of their waste, throwing it into rivers, lakes, oceans, and surrounding land. When the amounts of waste, mostly biodegradable, are low, the environmental consequences and the health of biotic communities are minimal. However, the mass manufacture and disposal of non- biodegradable synthetic materials since the mid-20th century has had profound biological and environmental effects. Plastics are the most significant example of these ubiquitous synthetic materials, usually single-use, non-biodegradable and with high amounts of toxic chemical additives. Due to the high stability and resistance of plastic, it is impossible to quickly bind it in processes that allow its degradation and decomposition; for this reason, they have become half of the waste that exists on the planet today. The drift of these materials leads them, under ambient conditions, to gradually fragment into particles reaching the scales of micrometers and nanometers. These particles have been categorized as incidental contaminants: micro and nanoplastics. Today, the world is witnessing the nanotechnology boom and more and more industries are interested in the use of this emerging technology; They intentionally produce micro and nanoplastics to be incorporated into cosmetic products, textile fibers, among many other purposes. The contamination of these plastic particles of imperceptible dimensions, reaches food for human consumption through persistence in ecosystems and bioaccumulation, through different routes of exposure, mainly through ingestion in the different chains that make up the global trophic web, in addition, of the migration of the material used for the storage, preservation and packaging of food. When ingested, nanoplastics and some microplastics cross physical epithelial barriers and are distributed throughout the body, entering practically all body tissues, altering their function and increasing the disease burden of biotic communities, including humans. As they are considered inert and heterogeneous materials, their identification and recovery are complex, in addition to not being completely effective. This paper seeks to review information that allows evaluating the impact of nanoplastics present in food, highlighting the toxic effects that these materials have for human health through bioaccumulation and biomagnification in food chains at the subcellular biomolecular level and, on the other hand, describe recovery techniques for nanoplastics to reduce their presence in food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important part of the structural design process is to decrease the effect of vibration in buildings, particularly those that may be subject to seismic excitation. Although research in the field of structural control has been made since the early 1900s, the complexity and dimensions of civil structures make this problem particularly difficult to solve due to the high demand for control effort and many other associated limitations. This paper analyzes the performance of a novel passive control system that can be used for vibration control in civil structures subjected to base excitation. This control device is called Tuned Inerter Damper (TID), which overcomes the limitation of classic passive devices that are efficient in a narrow frequency band for which they are tuned, a situation that is inconvenient since earthquakes exhibit a very diverse frequency content on most occasions. Besides, this study employs a metaheuristic optimization approach based on the differential evolution method (DE) combined with an elastic time-history dynamic analysis, through which the vibration control focuses on two individual objectives: first, minimizing the maximum horizontal displacement; and second, minimizing the root mean square (RMS) response of displacements. A 12-story building equipped with a novel arrangement of the TID, and subjected to multiple seismic excitations is studied to verify the effectiveness of the device. The results show a significant enhancement in the dynamic response when the arrangement presented in this work is used, and considerably better than an equivalent TMD. Therefore, TID represents a potentially attractive alternative to traditional passive control techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neoclassical economics has established itself as the discipline of rational choice. Consequently, under methodological individualism and in the context of consumption, an agent's choice is based on the ordering of preferences determined exogenously, disregarding any emotional, biological influences, or factors from socio-economic dynamics. Therefore, this paper aims to present an alternative framework for the decision-making of economic individuals at a theoretical and formal-mathematical level, grounded in the principles of evolutionary economics and complex adaptive systems. It is argued that the process of making choices in consumption is inherent to social dynamics. From an individual-holistic perspective, the mechanism motivating action can be characterized as an evolutionary algorithm that integrates biological, historical, cultural, social class, and market competition influences as endogenous elements in determining choice and consumption behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Context: This paper aims to analyze the vast, varied and lasting presence of the little-known revolutionary rhetoric exploited by Francisco Franco throughout the dictatorship in Spain. To this end, this rhetoric is connected with the different contexts in which it was used and with the terminology employed in those same years by thinkers or politicians linked above all to the Falange. Methodology: As this article is interested in the public discourse of Franco's regime, it has examined in detail and qualitatively the content of Franco's public speeches. For this purpose, we have resorted to the official compilations made under Franco's regime and, because of their selective and incomplete nature, also to newspaper sources. Thus, more than a history of intellectual or political ideas, this work is linked to their public and pragmatic dimension and delves into the complex practical functioning of ideologies. Originality: With few exceptions, Franco's rhetoric has not been studied in detail, and even less in the revolutionary rhetoric. The originality of this study lies in the fact that it is the first specific and analytical approach, although not quantitative, to Franco's revolutionary rhetoric. For example, it explains its unknown survival until the 1960s and even the 1970s, so that it outlived the so-called defalangization of Francoism. Conclusions: Franco's revolutionary rhetoric was characterized by great flexibility and imprecision. It underwent many changes over the years and coexisted with other central discursive frameworks, such as the Cruzada's. It was a crucial factor in the discursive legitimization of Francoism, especially in its initial years. Compared to the Cruzada, with which it complemented, it stood out for its elasticity and pretended transversality. In addition, it was connected with a legitimacy of exercise, not of origin, which was, in fact, more easily connected with the present and the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Context: This paper studies the first Chilean school newspapers led by women and the role of high school students as mediators of scientific knowledge at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th. The analysis is part of the expansion and modernization of the press and publishing industry, as well as the in$uence of positivism and the educational reforms that were implemented in Chile during that period, a context in which the ruling class considered scientific knowledge, both its development and access to it by the population, as a priority. Methodology: The article is based on the studies of historians of science who have understood audiences as active agents in generating new knowledge, problematizing categories such as expert, amateur and layman, and examining the types of relationships they sustained. This theoretical perspective is applied to analyzing the magazines of four women's high schools that took advantage of the valid study plans to access the university in the period and is complemented with other sources, such as prospectuses and relevant administrative documents. Originality: The study makes visible the role of women in science and, specifically, Chilean schoolgirls in this context, which have not been studied from the perspective presented here. Conclusions: Despite the lack of attention given to this population group in terms of scientific contribution, it is shown that high school students were active readers, disseminators and producers of knowledge, managing magazines, generating networks and circulating the knowledge beyond the walls of their educational establishments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Culture of peace and education work together to shape individual with knowledge, attitudes and behaviors focused on harmony, tolerance, respect, inclusion, and peace. This paper presents a systematic review whose purpose was to identify the lines of study of the culture of peace in secondary education globally during the last decade (2012-2022). The study was based on the PRISMA methodology; 367 articles were collected from the databases of ERIC, Education Source, Academic Search Ultimate, Web of Science and Redalyc. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 27 articles were analyzed. The results obtained reflect that most of the articles focus on the of the peace component in the school curriculum, although scientific production focused on identifying the effects of culture of peace programs was also identified. It is concluded, the study of this topic provides a deeper understanding of how education contributes to the development of citizens committed to peace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will develop what is understood by the right to education and how it is specifically regulated in the contexts of confinement, taking into account how the educational stimulus regulated in article 140 of Law 24.660 operates and its importance in the process of social reintegration of inmates. A comparison will be made between what is sanctioned by the National Education Law and the international human rights instruments with constitutional hierarchy that support this right and what actually happens in the penitentiary system. Likewise, an analysis will be made of Argentine jurisprudence that recognizes the right to education of persons deprived of liberty and its importance for the system of progressiveness regulated by the law of penal execution. On the other hand, an analysis will be made of how, in practice, the reduction regulated by article 140 has lost its virtuality due to the introduction of a group of offenses that are not eligible for the liberatory institutes through Law 27.375. The main objective lies in the need to emphasize that education in prison contexts is essential for social reintegration and that the State has the obligation to guarantee this right. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to identify the contributions that internal communication has on the functioning of higher education organizations by analyzing the current state of research on the subject. For this purpose, a systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA methodology. The search for articles in the open databases Redalyc and Dialnet and in the closed databases Ebsco-Academic Search Ultimate, Ebsco-Business Source Complete, Web of Science was based on 328 articles to which four filters were applied, resulting in a fi- nal corpus of 18 articles. The main findings determined that the topic has been developed mostly by authors from Latin America; the research takes into account all educational agents (students, teachers, administrators and managers) and mainly has four approaches: internal communication and its relationship with other elements; from the approach of the inclusion of digital media; as part of organizational functioning and from the training of communication professionals. It is concluded that internal communication is considered an important element for the fulfillment of organizational objectives and the generation of motivation, sense of belonging and integration of all personnel. However, it is considered as implicit in the functioning of educational organizations and therefore specific planning, development and evaluation processes are not carried out. Greater attention should be paid to internal communication in order to exploit its potential as a strategy for the improvement of educational organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and objective: Peritonsillar abscess (PA) is the most frequent complication of acute tonsillitis. Given the discrepancies observed in the literature, we present a systematic review to analyse the prevalence of PA in our setting in relation to three epidemiological factors: age, gender, and climatology. Methods: A literature search was carried out on the influence of age, gender, and seasonality on PA. The databases used were PubMed, Cochrane, and Medline, without time restriction, following the PRISMA methodology. The registry was carried out by three independent reviewers during the month of October 2022. Results: After excluding duplicates, 289 articles were obtained, of which, after the screening detailed in the methodology, we selected 23 as part of the systematic review. Discussion: In most of the included papers, a predominance of PA in men is observed, with a male/female ratio varying from 1.16 to 3. The mean age of onset of PA varies, depending on the study, from 22 to 39 years. Although with disparate results, AP does not seem to have a seasonal predominance, without being able to rule out a certain climatic influence. Conclusions: AP is the most frequent complication of acute tonsillitis. In adults, it predominates in men. The mean age ranges between 22 and 39 years. It does not seem to show climatic preference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the main ideas of Hannah Arendt's moral philosophy in the texts Some questions of moral philosophy, Thinking and Moral Considerations, Eichmann in Jerusalem, The Life of the Mind and Lectures on Kant's Political Philosophy. In the first place, the characterization of the moral collapse that occurred in the context of totalitarianism is exposed, then Arendt's appreciations about the moral discernment criteria of Socrates, Plato, Kant, etc., its links with the faculty of will, and its references to the loss of self as a widespread phenomenon in society are examined. Finally, the meaning of the faculty of judgment is evaluated and the value of exemplarity in contemporary ethics is based. This paper presents the conclusions of the first stage of the research project whose question is: How can Arendtian ideas about exemplary validity as a criterion of moral discernment contribute to the consolidation of ethical positions that respond to the existential situation of contemporary man? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent attention to character formation as the key to moral education has also regarded personal and fictional role models as appropriate means to this end. Moreover, while one may have grave reservations about the influence of personal role-models (perhaps upon the young by those they happen to admire), serious fiction has often been considered an inspirational source of moral example. Still, while this paper ultimately mounts a defence of the moral educational potential of literature, it is also concerned to press two significant reservations about any and all attention to fictional character as a means to such education. First, since the ultimate meaning of any fictional character and conduct is largely, if not exclusively, confined to their narrative contexts, we should not suppose them to have any direct role-modelling application to the affairs of human life beyond such contexts. Second, and more significantly, since morality is also ultimately more than and/or not entirely reducible to the contingencies of human character, attention to either fictional or real-life character must anyway fall somewhat short of full moral education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the relationship between agricultural methane and nitrous oxide emissions as a function of per capita gross domestic product (GDP) and its quadratic term in 26 Latin American and Caribbean countries (1990-2019). It also considers the stock of foreign investment to test the polluting paradise hypothesis, agricultural land (AL), and, additionally, methane for nitrous function. The study comprised unit root and cointegration tests. Coefficients were estimated by using fully modified least squares (FMOLS), correlated common effects (CCE), and augmented mean group (AMG). Results by FMOLS show statistical evidence of an environmental Kuznets curve in the set of countries for methane and support the polluting paradise hypothesis. However, results from CCE and AMG show the opposite. For nitrous oxide, FMOLS confirms a U-shaped curve. The above supports a joint environmental policy for both gases, where AL is a key element. The previous results must be corroborated with other methods and the studies extended to other countries over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to conduct a descriptive analysis about the conceptual development that Chilean higher education has had from the perspective of Fernando Atria. We will use his texts; "Neoliberalism con rostro Humano" (2013) and "Derechos Socials and Education" (2014), as a starting point. They will be contrasted with some more up-to-date interviews, to determine the existence of any meaningful change around his higher education concept towards a context pre and post social outbreak (October 2019). Thus, it is of special significance to make reflections around the public discussion that involves the new Chilean constitution drafting, where Atria also won its seat as a conventional constituent. Therefore, it is sought in this process to show his transition from academic to political. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public diplomacy is an international political communication activity used by countries to achieve political objectives abroad and establish positive relationships with foreign publics. There are four types of public diplomacy: cultural, media, branding, and niche. Methodology: Following the SALSA framework and the PRISMA statement's four-phase flow diagram, this paper seeks to answer the following research questions: How has the production of academic literature about Latin American public diplomacy evolved? What are the characteristics of the production country by country? What characterizes such production according to the type of public diplomacy it is focused on? The systematic review of the academic literature on Latin American public diplomacy resulted in a sample of 95 items published in databases such as Scopus, Science Direct, SpringerLink, ProQuest One Academic, Jstor, and DOAJ. Results: Academic publications on Latin American public diplomacy emerged in 2007 and have grown consistently since 2016. The primary focus has been on Brazil, Mexico, and Colombia, with Brazil and Colombia being the primary editors of journals publishing articles on the topic. Studies on Brazil and branding constitute a significant portion of the research, representing 28% and 60% of the sample, respectively. Conclusions: Academic production about Latin American public diplomacy begins later than that focused on other parts of the world, consistent with its later practice in the region. The dominant powers have the leading role. Branding focused on promoting tourism, investment, and exports, is the type of public diplomacy generating the most interest, to the detriment of strategies with more political weight such as media diplomacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fact checking is becoming an essential journalistic task because of the proliferation of misinformative content disseminated massively through social media and other channels. Based on this observation, the fundamental objective of the research that serves as the basis for this paper was to learn about the Spanish journalists' professional routines and training in fact-checking. The authors developed a 29-item questionnaire distributed via email to journalists nationwide between May and June 2023 to collect the information. We obtained 326 responses, resulting in several findings: a) the implementation of data verification is not uniform, being more frequent in some types of media --newspapers and verification platforms-- and in large corporations; b) workload is an obstacle that prevents most journalists from devoting as much time to verification as it would require; c) some areas generate more problems when it comes to cross-checking data --such as politics and economics--; d) the preferred sources for verification are academic and official sources --governments, state security forces-; e) the digital tools that are known or used by professionals still have low penetration rates, with only some exceptions; f) although the perception of the respondents is that they are sufficiently trained for verification work, only a minority have received specific training in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Cholesteatoma in the pediatric population is considered an entity with an aggressive nature, it is related to greater extension, number of associated complications and recurrence. Currently there is an increase in closed approaches for its management; however, the need for a safe ear sometimes requires the use of more extensive surgeries. CLINICAL CASES: This paper describes 4 cases of 4, LO, 14 and 18 years old who attended a medical consultation at the Hospital Civil de Culiacan, Sinaloa, México, diagnosed with chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma. All presented long-standing otorrhea. Other manifest ations were otorrhagia, history of ipsilateral facial paralysis and meningitis. Radical mastoidectomy was performed in all four cases; as a first therapeutic measure in two of them and as a reoperation in the other two cases. In postoperative follow-up, all required long-term antibiotic treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Radical mastoidectomy is an option in pediatric patients with cholesteatoma. Treatment should be individualized, with a variety of procedures described, each with its advantages and disadvantages to be considered in each case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to offer a philological analysis about the concept "common good" based on the contents of Enrique de Villena's Los doze trabajos de Hércules, capital work of the first peninsular Humanism. The analysis will be articulated around the fields of moral, science and politics, constantly present in the work studied, and in whose discourses this concept converges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investment projects in Cuban industry present problems because they are not developed with the required quality. This paper aims to propose a methodology for carrying out investment projects as a process of technology transfer and assimilation. A compendium of various ways of carrying out investment projects is made, the current state of Cuban investments and their main difficulties are analyzed, and foreign investment, which is the main current form of investment in Cuba. A methodological proposal is developed for carrying out investment projects that includes a series of detailed steps on how investments should be made in Cuba. The main variables of an investment project are analyzed: feasibility, risk analysis and commissioning, in addition to the need to prioritize maintenance as the main thing within the investment project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the quality of the water supplied by the potable water treatment plant Altos of Quintero to the city of Santiago de Cuba through the study of five consumers. The quality of the parameters analyzed was determined for pH, color, turbidity, residual free chlorine and determination of total and fecal coliforms, resulting in La Colonia, La Cervecería Hatuey and the Combined Milk, which residual free chlorine and turbidity are outside the norm in some occasions. The effects of the quality of drinking water coming from the potabilizer were mainly the deterioration of the infrastructure of the supply networks and poor storage conditions of the liquid in the above mentioned institutions. Options are presented to ensure that water quality is maintained in the different consumption centers and a predictable model is proposed that allows the maximum time that guarantees the minimum level of allowable residual chlorine that a consumer source should have. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alternative dispute resolution, such as conciliation, are more efficient and effective when the parties have high levels of emotional intelligence. Likewise, the practice of mindfulness contributes to the development of that intelligence. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to review literature that guides the application of mindfulness in preconciliation, that is, before the parties begin the formal negotiation of the conflict. To this end, the mixed method of integral review was used, which combines quantitative analysis through the bibliometric technique of scientific mapping, with qualitative coding based on the critical interpretive synthesis technique. As a result, a comprehensive framework is proposed to organize and articulate in synergy the potential fronts for the application of mindfulness, in its multiple meanings, in preconciliation. The proposed framework is relevant to academics, individuals, and organizations from all sectors with an interest in increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of these mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to address the predominantly conflictive nature of interethnic relations in the context of the Spanish colonial settlements established in the Valdés Peninsula (Chubut province, República Argentina): San José Fort and Puesto de la Fuente (1779-1810). We specifically present, describe and examine the episodes of inter-ethnic tensions and violence in these settlements over time. To achieve this, we will focus on the analysis and critical discussion of the information provided by the primary sources throughout the 31 years of occupation. Understanding the uniqueness of intercultural relations in these scenarios necessarily involved approaching them from a comparative perspective, by considering their broader historical and regional trajectory in Patagonia in the time period investigated. Consequently, we were able to identify the prominent role of indigenous groups from Southern Patagonia and recognize multiple factors contributing to the genesis of the indigenous raids experienced by these colonial settings. These results unveil the complex network of intercultural connections and colonial relations during the late colonial period in Patagonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite its apparent oblivion, Destierro (1930) has been considered by its author and by critics as a collection of poems that represented an inflexion point in the poetry of Jaime Torres Bodet. This paper analyzes Destierro (1930) through one of its main topics: the experience of dreaming. As it will be pointed out, rather than being lost in unconsciousness, dream is represented as a journey of a lucid sensibility looking for a new poetic expression that might communicate the spirit of modern life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results obtained in a master's degree research, whose general objective was to analyze the relationship between the practices of accompanying significant persons for second grade students of the Institución Educativa Alejandro Vélez Barrientos in Envigado city with their school performance. For this, a qualitative, hermeneutic-comprehensive methodology was proposed. The participants were 6 second grade students of such institution, men, and women for each academic performance (Low, Basic, and High) and 6 significant persons, one for each student. In the collection of the analysis unit, semi-structured interviews and observations recorded in a field diary were used with the selected students, a focus group with their significant persons and a questionnaire with 20 parents of second grade students. Among the main findings is that the family and the school keep on being pillars for children's formation and their articulation is reflected on them. In addition, the accompaniment of significant people affects the students' school performance, as well as their constancy in practices and emotional well-being as a basis for other learning processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes a reflective exercise on patents and medicines used to practice euthanasia, following the prohibition of Decision 486 of 2000 that refers to the exclusion of patenting of products that harm people's lives. The objective of the article is to make an approximation to the tension between the prohibition of patentability of medicines used for euthanasia -based on the Right to life-versus the right to private property. Through a deductive methodological approach and based on the systematic interpretation, the authors draw a scenario from the intellectual property law and current constitutional standards. As a result, some elements of the debate are raised, to solve one of the most complex tensions for intellectual property. Finally, the need to study this problem in a comprehensive and integrative way to understand the implications of euthanasia is concluded; not only for the doctor or the patient and its relatives, but also for the other actors involved, as is the case of the pharmaceutical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the use in schools of private teaching platforms. They have had a boost with the COVID19 pandemic. The use of Google workplace for education has been considered an effective way both to adapt to the challenges of digitization and to face critical situations. The analysis carried out reveals a threat linked to the privacy of minors. Applying heuristic analysis, the results show the need to implement a principle of technological caution on the use of these platforms in education. It concludes with the need to deepen the analysis of the implications for kids and teenagers of the use of this software and the convenience of applying free and open tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade, it's become apparent how some social groups, heterogenous among them, have asked for and celebrated longer prison sentences for crimes against the values they defend. The aim of this paper is to reflect on the paradox that some movements involved in the struggle for the consolidation of fundamental rights denounce the cruelty and dysfunctions generated by the penal system in general and prison in particular, but justify them as adequate means to make visible, respond to and resolve social problems. These inconsistencies can feed and increase the slippery slope towards punitive and prison exceptionalism and consolidate as another type of punitive populism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our time, we witness a true proliferation of rights. There is no conflict or human problem that doesn't lead to a debate about the rights we have and whose protection we demand. Such a scenario gives rise to the emergence of multiple challenges for a theory of human rights. These challenges can be both theoretical and practical. This paper points out a peculiar theoretical challenge: the need to clarify and determine very well the scope of any political ideology that contains a theory of human rights. Currently, the theory of the Common has been chosen in order to compare it with the political consequences of two theories that, in some way, have historically preceded it: J.J. Rousseau's General Will and C. Marx's proposal of a generic being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the question regarding the crisis of the effectiveness of human and fundamental rights. This is a challenge that requires commitment, vigilance, shared liability. Rights are an indispensable tool for expressing the value of dignity that is linked to vulnerability as a common human condition. Rights are a type of social practice aimed at their implementation and concretization. It is made up of principles, rules, institutions, procedures, attitudes, acts of interpretation. This practice plays an important role in countering and eliminating the situations that produce violations concerning the subjects in their multiple differences and specific existences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Philosophical reflection on justice for animals finds expression in a multiplicity of theories. In this context are fundamental the theories focused on suffering and compassion (developed among others by Peter Singer and Carol Adams), Tom Regan's theory of animal rights, Will Kymlicka's political theory of animal rights. This paper identifies three open questions, transversal to the different positions that make up this rich and important debate. It deals with the notion of person, the theme of gratuitous moral evil, the presumed principle of reciprocity between rights and duties. The belief underlying the article is that an in-depth study of these theoretical issues could be fruitful in consolidating the idea that justice for animals is an unavoidable goal for every democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper includes some reflections on the challenges for rights deriving from populism, technology and geopolitics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper refers to the language of rights in the public debate, focusing the attention with the characters of imperativity, inviolability, absoluteness which are proper to the term 'right'. It focuses, on the one hand, on situations where every interest is claimed as a 'right', and, on the other hand, on situations where, on the contrary, fundamental human rights are not widely and unanimously recognized, which is typically the case of women's human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an argument about the reasons for the exclusion of Spanish women and their literary production in relation with the rest of the Group of '27 literary canon. In order to evidence the marginalization of these authors and demonstrate their absence in the cultural Spanish landscape, the article begins with an explanation of the historical and sociopolitical context of Spain during the early decades of the 20th century. Afterward, this paper presents a conceptualization of literary canon as a starting point to approach the polemic associated with the --commonly referred to as-- Generation of '27 as well as the configuration of poetry as a characteristic genre in comparison to the other literary work, and the role that critics and history played in the conformation of the canon of the '27 movement. Finally, it is concluded that women were not part of the modernization attempts in Spain at the beginning of the 20th century for different reasons: relegation of them to the domestic sphere, the high representation of men in the Group of '27, the significant role of anthologies and magazines in shaping the canon, and the repression caused by the dictatorship of the Franco regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An exhaustive review of different archived documents at the University of Costa Rica was the starting point of this paper, in order to: highlight the work of the School of Philology, Linguistics and Literature, since its inception, in the field of writing, to point out the approaches used in the teaching of specific writing courses (Composition And Style, Basic Writing Course, Written Expression I and II) and to discuss the existence or absence of paradigm changes in the programs of said courses through the years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores some phonological processes of Dí'ztè, a Zapotec language spoken in the Southern Highlands and Coast regions of Oaxaca, Mexico, from an oral text. The main goal of this paper is to show that phonological analysis based on an oral text offers a greater richness of processes than the phonological analyses based on diagnostic lists or carrier phrases. The oral text Liz mbol Wel comes from the Loxicha tradition and tells us the story of an indigenous family from Piedra del Sol, a community in Santo Domingo de Morelos, who lived in a very small house. After the arrival of new family members, Don Manuel's wife makes the request to build a bigger house. Don Manuel agrees and asks for the support of the community to build his new house. In gratitude, he offers a meal with tortillas, mole and tepache. Based on this short oral text we analyze some phonological processes of the language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent Spanish law on education (LOMLOE) gives great importance to Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), following the model of the European curricula. Given this context, it is essential to assess pro-environmental attitudes among students. This paper offers a transverse quantitative study analysing the environmental attitudes of 1076 students from the Community of Valencia (Spain) at all levels of compulsory secondary education, using a ROSE (Relevance of Science Education) questionnaire. The results show a low-to-moderate pro-active attitude, in conjunction with a barely optimistic view of the future and limited confidence in science and technology to solve problems. Statistical differences were found between genders, with girls being more eco-minded, but there were no significant differences between age groups in compulsory secondary education. This fact highlights the static nature of ESD within secondary school. Therefore, a greater involvement of the educational community is needed for the development of real strategies aimed at promoting desirable environmental attitudes in the classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study of curriculum plans for basic teacher training for secondary education, understood as historical-cultural artefacts that mediate teaching practice, allows us to understand what professional educators aim to teach. This paper analyses how content and skills around guidance and tutoring are handled in the guides produced by the different official Master's degree courses in teacher training for secondary education offered by 43 universities from all over the country. A documentary analysis of plans and teaching guides or programmes (as appropriate) was carried out, classifying the contents according to whether the content for guidance and tutoring is approached as a specific subject, whether it is integrated into other subjects, and whether it forms part of a generic module or a freechoice module. The results of the descriptive analyses of the 65 guides selected show that there is no single approach in how guidance and tutoring are handled in these Master's programmes. However, two groups of models are identified (a curriculum model with integrated representation and a curriculum model as specific subject), which appear in different formats, although our analysis shows that guidance and tutoring is handled in depth in only a few cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to study the level of social eco-literacy around sustainable development among teachers at secondary school level (ESO), and to understand how they incorporate this into their educational practice, in order to better understand the theoretical-practical state of sustainability in education in Spain. A questionnaire was created to study the level of ecosocial literacy among teachers at secondary school level (O = .89). The sample is made up of secondary school teachers (N = 826), using non-probabilistic snowball sampling, during the 2020-2021 academic year. A descriptive and inferential analysis was performed using Pearson's Chi-square (p < .05), via JAMOVI 2.2.5 and SPSS. The results showed that teachers with a higher degree of knowledge have a tendency to apply active participatory and technology-based methodologies that improve social transformation, encouraging the analysis and critical thinking necessary for students to acquire skills in sustainability. It was also shown that it is necessary to incorporate a sustainability perspective into ongoing training, given the complex, holistic and dynamic current situation, in order to provide responses to the planet's problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]