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Introduction: Segmental resection of the intestine and its temporary or permanent bypass is a frequent procedure in surgical practice, which involves the construction of a stoma. The disease that leads to surgery, the clinical conditions of the patient and the technical aspects in the construction of the ostomy are key points in the postoperative evolution. Methods: A review of the literature was performed, identifying the complications associated with the construction of stomas, with the aim of offering treatment and decision-making tools to the medical personnel involved in the care of these patients. Results: Emergency surgery, immunosuppression, obesity, and the technique used to open the orifice in the abdominal wall favor the appearance of early complications that require medical management or surgical reintervention. Conclusions. Every patient with a stoma must be carefully evaluated by the surgeon and the enterostomal therapist in the first 72 hours after surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: ectopic pregnancy is currently a world of health problem. The increase in its incidence is attributed to the difficulties in the diagnosis that are often presented and to the morbidity and mortality that derive from it. It is one of the first causes of death in the first quarter of pregnancy. Objective: assess ectopic pregnancy as a clinical dilemma for diagnosis. Methods: a narrative bibliographic review was carried out that included various texts, articles, printed and digital materials related to ectopic pregnancy. The databases and directories Scielo, Lilacs, Latindex, Medline and Scopus were consulted, through the keywords in Spanish and Bollean operators to expand the results: "Hemorrhages" and "Ectopic pregnancy". 22 original and review articles were selected, in the national and international context, published between 2000 and 2020. Development: in every nosological illness a good interrogation and a physical examination favor the diagnosis, however difficult it may be. Following the steps of the clinical method helps to obtain an appropriate and timely diagnosis. It is transcendental that the doctor knows the pathophysiology and the clinical elements in ectopic pregnancy, which can go to look in an exquisite interrogation and a detailed physical examination. Conclusions: the diversity of possible clinical presentations has led to "the great simulator of gynecology", so it constitutes a clinical dilemma its diagnosis in the different levels of health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Asociación Odontológica Argentina is the property of Asociacion Odontologica Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: One of the millennium challenges worldwide is to fight the advance of the human immunodeficiency virus/aids. Objective: To characterize the sick population with clinical onset of AIDS according to sociodemographic and epidemiologic variables. Methods: An observational and descriptive study was carried out, from 2017 to 2021, of 87 people diagnosed with clinical onset of AIDS in Santiago de Cuba province. In the statistical analysis, measures of central tendency and dispersion were used, as well as the distribution of absolute and relative frequencies; also, confidence intervals of 95% were computed for the proportions of selected variables. Results: The average age in the series was 42 years (79.3%), likewise, there was a prevalence of the male sex (91.9%), single as marital status (91.9%), working bond (72.4%), mixed race (52.8%) and black skin color (39.3%), and the urban origin (73.5%). The anal coitus was the main way of infection (84.0%), while the majority of the affected individuals of both sexes (65.2% in males and 66.7% in females) did not use condoms and homosexuality predominated among men (55.0%). Conclusions: The clinical onset of AIDS prevailed in young and single men, with working bond, among whom risky sexual behaviors were very significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In the continuous training process of medical students, it is necessary to incorporate current issues; likewise, it is important to know the problems to seek solutions with the science support. Objective: To diagnose the training process of medical students as for the detection of incapacitating sequelae post-COVID-19. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study, with qualitative approach, of 20 students from 5th year of Medicine career, belonging to the University of Medical Sciences in Camagüey was carried out during their stay for the Public Health subject, from July to December, 2022. For such a purpose it was designed and applied an evaluative instrument with dimensions and indicators. Results: It was found that 50.0% of these students were in the age range of 21-26 years, while 65.0% were female. The cognitive dimension was evaluated as bad because 3 indicators, of the 4 that made it up, received that qualification; the same happened with the instrumental dimension. On the other hand, the attitudinal dimension and its 2 indicators were qualified as good. Conclusions: Inadequacies existed in the training process of medical students, which block their professional performance. On the base of the diagnosis, the interest in searching for information related to the detection of post-COVID-19 incapacitating sequelae is confirmed as strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Lesions in the oral mucosa constitute a heterogeneous group of disorders which prognosis and treatment depend on the early diagnosis. Objective: To characterize patients with lesions in the oral mucosa according to clinical, epidemiological, histological and pathological variables. Methods: A descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study of 23 patients with lesions in the oral mucosa was carried out. They belonged to the family doctor offices from Vista Alegre neighborhood and were assisted in the Stomatology Service of Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba from September, 2021 to June, 2022. Results: In the series there was a prevalence of the female sex, the 60 years and over age group, subprosthesis stomatitis as more frequent lesion (39.1%) and chronic traumatisms as risk factors (65.2%); also, in patients referred to the secondary care level there was coincidence between the clinical, histological and pathological diagnoses (76.9%). Conclusions: The final diagnosis will depend on the clinical, epidemiological, histological and pathological valuation of these lesions and on the preparation of the specialists on the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud is the property of Centro de Estudiso Avanzados en Ninez y Juventud alaianza Cinde, Universidad de Manizales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: There are several syndromes that associate retinitis pigmentosa with deafness or hearing loss. The most frequent is Usher syndrome, a genetic disorder of autosomal recessive inheritance, which, in some cases, is accompanied by vestibular dysfunction. However, there are cases of families that despite having retinitis pigmentosa associated with deafness, cannot be classified as Usher or other syndromes due to additional findings. Objective: To reassess the phenotypes of 103 families previously diagnosed as possible Usher syndrome and/or retinitis pigmentosa associated with deafness. Materials and methods: We conducted a descriptive and retrospective study by reviewing the medical records of 103 families with a probable clinical diagnosis of Usher syndrome and/or retinitis pigmentosa associated with deafness. Families whose clinical diagnosis did not correspond to the typical Usher syndrome were selected and evaluated ophthalmologically and audiologically. Demographic and clinical variables were analyzed. Results: We selected and then reevaluated 14 families and 55 individuals as they did not correspond to a clinical diagnosis of Usher syndrome; 13.6% of the families initially considered to have typical Usher syndrome were later diagnosed with retinitis pigmentosa associated with deafness, another ocular symptom associated with hearing loss, retinitis pigmentosa, or isolated hearing loss in the same family. Conclusions: Family studies are essential in cases where the symptoms do not match the typical Usher' syndrome. In the cases of retinitis pigmentosa associated with deafness, a correct clinical diagnosis allows for focusing on the molecular analyses to establish a differential diagnosis. The need for nomenclature guidelines on these atypical findings is relevant to aid physicians and researchers in the best approach to these cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fournier's gangrene is a serious polymicrobial infection caused by microorganisms that act synergistically and determine a progressive necrotizing fasciitis in the scrotum and perineum with manifestations of sepsis that can progress to septic shock and organ failure. Objective: to characterize clinically and epidemiologically Fournier's gangrene in patients diagnosed in a reference hospital unit. Methods: retrospective, observational and descriptive study based on the analysis of the clinical records of 64 male patients with Fournier's gangrene, diagnosed at the Hospital Militar Principal/Instituto Superior de Luanda, Republic of Angola from January 2016 to December 2020. Study variables were: age, toxic habits, comorbidity, clinical manifestations, extension, location as well as its evolution. The quantitative variables were expressed as means, median and range, while the qualitative variables were expressed in terms of absolute numbers and percentages. Results: the average age was 45.09 years; 36 patients (56.2%) consume alcoholic drink and 14 (21.87%) declared smoking habits. The main comorbidity was diabetes mellitus in 21 (32.8%). Pain with increased scrotal volume predominated in 43 (67.2%) subjects; early surgical debridement with antibiotic therapy was the key to management. Five patients died. Conclusions: Fourner's gangrene is a serious disease that can present systemic repercussions and death. The cornerstone of treatment is early surgical debridement supported by support measures. The series presented showed adequate and effective multidisciplinary management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Older adults are the most vulnerable population group and the least favored by health systems. They go through a process of progressive involution that can have health repercussions; therefore, timely and adequate clinical diagnosis becomes relevant to identify possible alterations. Objective: To establish a comprehensive clinical diagnosis according to sex and age of older adults attended nationally in Peru. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective study was conducted between March and April 2021 on 60,698 older adults attended in all the departments of Peru. Physical, functional, mental, and social examination of the older adults was conducted using the Medical Record of Comprehensive Health Care for Older Adults, interpreted using its technical guide. Absolute and relative frequencies, 95% confidence intervals for proportions, and the chi-square test of homogeneity were described. Results: 49.4% of older adults were ill, of which 50.8% were women and 47.4% were men; 50.0% were aged 60 to 69 years, 50.6% were aged 70 to 79 years, and 46.1% were aged 80 years and over. Statistically significant differences were found among comprehensive clinical diagnosis, sex, and age (p = 0.000). Discussion: Regardless of the number of participants in all the contexts studied, at least one chronic disease moderately coexists in older adults, without the place where they live being a determining factor, since the aging process can only be different in its speed of progression and in the conditions in which it occurs. Conclusion: Most of the older adults were ill, female, and aged 70 to 79 years; differences in sex and age in the comprehensive clinical diagnosis were significant. Interventions at earlier stages may contribute significantly to healthy aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Panamerican Journal of Neuropsychology / Cuadernos de Neuropsicología is the property of Cuadernos de Neuropsicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pulmonary tuberculosis can affect any organ and its clinical manifestations are variable. A case of pulmonary tuberculosis with diagnosis, treatment and follow-up in Primary Health Care is presented. The 52-years-old patient, discharged as a group III adult, at risk of pulmonary tuberculosis, hypertensive and diabetic, was treated at her family doctor's office due to physical discomfort, productive and persistent cough mainly at night, anorexia and asthenia. She had lived for five years with two relatives diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. Radiological examination and microbiological study confirmed the diagnosis. The treatment achieved the improvement, evident from the clinical and radiological point of view; as well as the decrease in the coding in the bacilloscopy. Confirmation of the diagnosis is essential, especially in those patients with risk factors. Chest X-ray and smear microscopy guarantee follow-up. The extended cavitary radiographic image, also known as the tennis racket or arrowhead sign, is rarely seen at diagnosis in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]