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The study analyses the creation of the Juzgado de Indias and the problems that arise between the first Official of the new institution, Francisco de Vera, and the Cabildo of La Palma, despite the determination with which the local government defended the establishment of the institution on the island, because it was the monopolistic control of commercial traffic between Canary Islands and America. For this work, we use as primary sources the Acts of the Cabildo de La Palma between 1559 and 1599 and the royal papers included in the Archivo General de Indias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the implementation of a motion detector system for traffic control's smart cameras on embedded devices that can be used in multiple application fields. The proposed system detects moving areas in video sequences, thus reducing the processing time of video analysis algorithms by selecting regions of interest. As part of this work, three motion detection modules, and auxiliary blocks, were developed based on the bio-inspired elementary motion detector presented by Reichardt & Hassenstein. These motion detection modules have been incorporated in the portfolio of modules in the XIL XSGImgLib video and image processing library, which aims to speed-up and ease visual image processing applications over Xilinx FPGAs and SoC FPGAs. To test the detectors, a spatio-temporal motion detection application has been implemented on a Spartan-6 LX45 FPGA using video sequences from a vehicular traffic control point, showing execution time improvements on the elementary motion detector block compared with similar developments reported in the consulted literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The challenge of reducing road traffic accidents and increasing road safety makes it necessary to raise awareness, particularly in young people, about related risks of the drugs and driving relationship. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of the implementation of a prevention program to change young people's attitudes towards drugs and driving, in addition to investigating the relationship between risk perception of drugs use and driving depending on sex variable. A cross-sectional and quasi-experimental study was carried out with a sample of 3,299 young people from Salamanca province. The result reveals a change in beliefs and drugs representation and risk perception in young people linked to the influence of different substances on driving, showing significant sex differences in people's risk perceptions due to the drugs and driving relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic accidents are commonly analyzed considering three main factors: driver’s behavior, car’s conditions, and the roads conditions. An exploration of the relations among business productivity and traffic accidents is made, considering also the influence of traffic authorities. A simulation model based on System dynamics was developed to explore the specific relations among the behavior of drivers and the working pressure of their jobs, and the traffic controls made by government authorities. The analysis considers that an improvement in productivity and a fewer, but more intense traffic controls, is a valid strategy to reduce accidents in roads. The model is a useful tool that can be applied in the design of public policies for road safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet routing is based on the destination address and a shortest path algorithm, this leads to some links are congested because the same paths are selected for many communications. On the other hand, constraint based algorithms select the path based on a set of requirements that allows choosing the most optimal path for a specific set of constraints, solving the problem of the shortest path routing and providing additional benefits such as support QoS and traffic engineering. In the literature, it has been shown that the processes with traffic engineering objectives are NP-hard, and for quality of service are NP-complete, it allows making heuristic algorithms proposals because this is an open issue. Therefore, this article provides an overview of the constraint based algorithms proposed as a solution to the problem of conventional Internet routing in the last 15 years. This study has been organized into three categories according to the goals for each proposal. These categories were targeted in Internet current issues that are Traffic Engineering and Quality of Service support. A brief description of each algorithm is presented, highlighting their objectives and constraints. It is very important to highlight that to propose solutions to these issues remains a challenge and is an open issue, for this reason to have a knowledge of the taxonomy of these algorithms and objectives allows us to propose new alternatives to routing for next generation networks, with new demands on their services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cities across the world are constantly growing, and the traffic infrastructure of many of them starts to reach its maximum capacity. Different points of these cities are negatively affected by the vast amount of vehicles that try to access congested zones, and that oftenly makes finding an on-street parking spot where to park a car a difficult task. In this context the ParkIt project is developed, which is a platform that offers real-time information about on-street parking availability. This platform optimises the use of free parking spots, and reduces the incurred delays while in search of them. By knowing the location of available parking spots, users of this platform find themselves less times looking for a parking spot, contributing to reduce traffic in up to 30%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]