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The oral narrative consists of the expression of a series of experiences or sequenced events that took place in time within a context. The objective of this study was to analyze the oral narratives in preschool children with soft neurological signs in the presence or absence of speech disorder. We chose 80 preschool children (32 girls and 48 boys) with an average age of 5 years 8 months, DE = 5.2, from low to middle socioeconomic level of public schools in Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. Verbal intelligence was assessed with the Wechsler scale for the preschool and primary levels; the soft neurological signs and the narration of a series of illustrations. Significant differences were found in the level of narrative coherence with speech disorders where children with moderate to severe language difficulties were located at the initial levels of coherence. Narratives are relevant tools for the evaluation and development of language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Describe the main speech disorders found among children with epilepsy and their most common causes. Methods: The databases PubMed, SciELO and EBSCO were used to search for reference papers, mainly publications from the last five years (2013 to 2018) written in Spanish, English or French. Attention was paid to documents containing original information. Results: Among people with epilepsy, the so-called "specific speech disorders" are the most commonly diagnosed. These are mainly due to epilepsy itself, abnormal brain electrical activity, the origin of epilepsy and the treatment. On occasion, other dysfunctions are added which may also occur in people without epilepsy, among them psycholinguistic alterations or damage to speech organs (hearing and speaking). Conclusions: Patients with epilepsy have a high risk of presenting speech difficulties. Organization of the diagnostic method is crucial to define the cause, modify the prognosis and timely determine whether a difficulty is a specific speech disorder. The main complementary tests to be indicated are audiometry, brain-stem auditoryevoked potentials, electroencephalography, psychological evaluation and brain imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares the results of using compressed voice signals versus uncompressed speech signals to automatically detect voice abnormalities. Coding techniques and voice compression used in this study are the same as those used by default in the fixed, mobile and ip telephony systems, and techniques of characterization and classification used are also among the most used for detecting automatic speech abnormalities. The results obtained indicate that it is possible to use compressed voice signals for automatic detection of vocal pathologies without compromising the success rate in the diagnosis, which would make the implementation of automatic remote diagnosis of vocal pathologies possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The test for evaluating phonological simplification processes (TEPROSIF, according to its initials in Spanish) is a tool which is used to identify dyslalias. Our objective was to establish, by using TEPROSIF, the association between dyslalias and malocclusion in children from 4 to 6 years of age. Methods: After we standardized the tool with a kappa of 0.9, we applied it to 116 children from 4 to 6 years of age. Patients were conducted to a central occlusion through deglutition. We observed type of bite, overbite, oclussion and terminal plane in order to relate them to the dyslalia presented. For statistical analysis, we used Χ² test (p < 0.05). Results: They were 55 (47.4 %) boys and 61 (52.6 %) girls, with a median age of 5 years ± 0.71. Phoneme substitution was the most common alteration. We found significant correlation between omission of the phonemes and terminal plane (p = 0.01), Baume type I arch (p = 0.00) and absence of teeth (p = 0.00), as well as between phoneme substitution and terminal plane (p = 0.03), bite type (p = 0.01) and absence of teeth (p = 0.00). Conclusions: Phoneme substitution is the most common alteration, followed by omission and distortion of phonemes in children between 4 and 6 years of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]