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Introduction: Coffee is a highly mycotrophic plant, its interaction with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi has been studied among different tropical countries. The majority of the published works indicates that coffee is benefited from the mycorrhizal association, where the AMF confers protection against pathogens and diseases, increases water absorption, as well as it increases the adaptation of the plant at transplant from nurseries to the main plantation. Objective: A review was made where we summarized and analyze the research reports of AMF with coffee from at least the past 10 years, focused on AMF global species distribution, nutritional benefits of the association and interaction with pathogens. Methods: We retrieved available bibliographic data from coffee producer countries in public databases. We considered published works from 2000 to 2019, nevertheless, we included classic papers on the topic, outside that period, mainly the ones performed in Brazil since 1986. We organized the number of reported species per country, we look for synonyms, grouped them by family, genera and species. The reports that only reported genera or where ambiguous were used as reference but not considered for the final analysis. We summarized the reports of the benefits of the AMF interaction in coffee, as well as pathogen tolerance. Results: The collected data shows that there are more than 100 AMF species associated with coffee, which represents more than a third part of the total of reported species worldwide. We found that Colombia has the highest richness, but it also has the highest number of published reports. Conclusions: This information shows the benefits of the incorporation of AMF to coffee plantation programs, because these fungi are a key element in coffee plant nutrition, nevertheless, the coffee variety should be considered when introducing AMF, as not all associations has been efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present a historical series of Colombian GDP from 1888 to 2013. For that purpose we have employed an expenditure approach to reconstruct the GDP for the period 1888-1929. We linked it to the official statistics data of the DANE. The result is expressed in 2011 purchasing parity dollars for international comparisons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the process of economic globalization significant impact on the food industry, one of the most important was the predominance they now have multinational companies in this sector, even in alternative systems such as organic farming and fair trade were observed. However, for organized peasants who produce organic coffee and participate in fair trade, it is reluctant to give this production strategy because it is a way to survive and maintain its system of social reproduction in their condition as peasants, despite challenges this implies them. In this paper we analyze the socioeconomic impact of this production strategy in peasant families that are integrated into organizations of Chiapas. We start to recognize coffee growers as part of the peasantry and the constant current problems faced to keep an exclusionary system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the procesing of the coffee of the Guamuhaya mountainous group large numbers of organic pollutants are generated. One of them is the pulp, which contains acid pH and high load of phenols and polyphenols that are toxic for most of the soil fauna. To give an efficient use to this compound is one of the main alternatives to this environmental problem. For that reason the objective of the present work was to determine the effect of the coffee pulp in proportion 3:1 on the structure of the soils Acrisol Alúmico Crómico (AAC), Cambisol Éutrico Húmico (CEH) y Cambisol Éutrico (CE) with different stages of sustainability. To complete the objective was calculated the distribution of the aggregations in the dry and humid sifters, the coefficients of structural stability and the index of average weight of aggregations considered by diameter. For the prosecution of the information was used the statistical program STATGRAPHICS Plus for Windows 5.1 and the factorial test ANOVA. Was obtained as main results that the coffee pulp can be used like a compound to improve the soil structure because it increase the aggregation of the soil fractions, principally the 5 and 3 mm, decrease the contents of dispersed particles less 0.25 mm and increase the average weight of each conglomerates useful for the agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]