Search

It is urgent to make a change of strategy that successfully faces the energy transition to achieve the 2030 sustainable development goals, the armed conflict in Europe, the high price of energy supply and the high energy dependence at European and national level. In this scenario, the energy community, as a new legal entity, driven by European regulations, can be considered an effective tool to fight against climate change, accelerating the energy transition and guaranteeing a fair and inclusive energy system so necessary in our country. At the national level, the legal framework that regulates energy communities is insufficient. Thus, is it necesary a legal, technical and financial development to promote the constitution of such entities. In this paper, we study their legal nature, proposing, within the framework of Social Economy organisations, the associations and cooperatives as suitable legal formula. They have similar characteristics, provide environmental, social and economic benefits for their members, under principles of voluntary, inclusive and democratic participation; in order to improve the quality of life of citizens; in short, to work on behalf of people and our planet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the importance of Internationalization Policies in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and aims to describe the technical-methodological aspects taken into account in the construction of Strategic Internationalization Plans within the framework of the project called "Development of Internationalization Policies". Internationalization in Higher Education Institutions" (DHIP2) and reflect them in marketing actions to improve services. The institutional international strategy, the structure of the International Relations Offices (ORIs), international mobility, the internationalization of the curriculum, the internationalization of research, synergy with the territorial context and visibility, were the priorities addressed, therefore, the conclusions refer to the continuous improvement of the internationalization process related to these priorities and how they contribute to the quality of the ORIs services. For the elaboration of this paper, a qualitative approach of documentary analysis was taken into account. Horizontal cooperation between HEIs, both from Latin America, Europe, and also from other regions of the world, constitutes an essential tool for the achievement of the Policies that are designed in each HEI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based on an understanding of the global immigration control regime as one of legal violence. It analyses the specialist literature that reveals the existence of an economy of deportability, understood as the unequal distribution of the forms of state power in the lives and freedoms of non-nationals, with gender playing a preponderant role. Taking a gender perspective, a selection of texts from the past two decades are reviewed that analyse the deportation and anti-trafficking apparatus in Europe, the United States and South America. The literature corroborates the existence of a gendered economy of deportability that generates social suffering that, in different ways and to differing degrees, shapes the (im)migrant presence in the national order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent electoral successes of right-wing and far-right actors in different parts of the world have prompted discussion on various topics: the causes of their rise, their characteristics and strategies, the motivations of electorates and the depth of the right-wing shifts in a range of societies. This paper proposes key themes for systematising this debate and some clues to understanding the rise of the right in such diverse and heterogeneous national realities. It also suggests recovering a constructivist conceptualisation of "authoritarian traditions" in order to analyse the mobilisation strategies, behaviour and coordination of right-wing groups from a perspective that highlights their dynamic and innovative nature. This approach allows us to (re)think authoritarianism as the result of symbolic practices and discourses that are assembled, (re)invented and updated to serve various purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Specialized local production in agrarian societies can be understood in the dynamics of the places where it is developed, based on two concepts: Appellations of Origin and Terroir. These concepts emerge from precision production practices, while being part of rural traditions and heritage of peasants and artisans in Europe and other regions with delimited productive histories and vocations. This paper aims to give an account of different experiences and notions related to these concepts, emphasizing their transformation and resignification processes according to the contexts of production, marketing and consumption where they have been implemented. The methodology reviews documents that discuss the concepts, both in the places where they have originated and in other latitudes where these have been worked in an applied or critical way, thus dealing with a diversity of approaches. The paper proposes a reflection on the inputs that the Terroir and the Appellations provide for the development of opportunities in rural production scenarios, such as those found in emerging regions of Latin America. In addition, it concludes with a review of elements ranging from the physical, organic and bioclimatic conditions of these vocations, to the sensitive, territorial, cultural and popular elements that also shape them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses binding judicial precedent. The semistructured interview was used as a methodology for execution and a total of thirty-two academics, from ten countries in Latin America and Europe, participated of it. The results are structured around the arguments for and against precedent as a theoretical position; to narrate how vertex courts and inferior courts behave on precedents; and finally, to know the roadblocks that prevent following precedent correctly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper an analysis is made of one of the essays, "Of Cannibals", written by Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592) in the Renaissance period. The document's purpose is to describe, through reflective analysis, the contributions that this author gives to the so-called cultural relativism from the historical context of the 16th century. Given the time, the essay is considered "avant-garde" given the approach and reflection made by the author approaching what later in anthropology would be known as cultural relativism at a time when European culture was considered better than the rest of cultures in the world. By comparing the practices that pe- Columbians do, related to cannibalism, with those that Europeans do, the author realizes that "we" should think if our practices are really better than those of "others" -the Amerindians -. However, to this day, Michel de Montaigne's ideas are still present in a world where Human Rights and cultural relativism are debated. Universalism vs. Relativism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is twofold. Firstly, we present a historiographical analysis of the debates around the type of Judaism that existed in Europe in late antiquity. Secondly, we present some definitions on the approach that we consider appropriate with which to trace the history of late ancient European Jewish communities. The text is structured around the work of Erwin Goodenough, who early on called into question the traditional thesis that posited a rapid expansion of the rabbinic movement, both in Palestine and throughout the diaspora and, furthermore, asserted the persistence of an alternative Judaism – Hellenistic and mystical – right until the end of late antiquity. We also present other more recent interpretations in relation to the life of the Jews in late-ancient Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For many largest cities in southern Europe, urban tourism, and particularly the touristification of their central urban areas, have emerged as key mitigation strategies to overcome the negative socioeconomic effects derived from the last financial and economic crisis. While an increasing number of authors suggest a clear interaction between tourist gentrification and commercial gentrification, little scholar attention has been paid to the growing interrelation between the economy of nightlife, urban tourism and their complex forms of simultaneous interaction as fundamental driving forces of change in central areas of European cities. This article will expose the different theoretical and methodological challenges that the touristification of nightlife in central urban areas entails for the study of the tourist city. This paper will also argue that the touristification of nightlife emerges as one of the most aggressive forms of material, symbolic and heritage dispossession of local communities in the central historic neighborhoods of many European cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analysis of who owns large companies and how they are organised is overdue in the study of Latin American elites, especially at transnational level. It is a limitation that has hampered debates on the emergence of transnational business elites in the region. This paper identifies the owners of the largest companies in Latin America and analyses the networks they form. The results reveal the formation of an interlocking ownership network between a small number of transnational owners, most of whom are financial corporations in the United States and Europe. These findings allow us to discuss regional integration and the dominance of economic models imported from those territories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Context: This text sets out a succinct overview of the sweep of the history of emotions and sentiments, from the decisive steps taken by Peter N. Stearns and Carol Z. Stearns in the 1980s up to some of the essential contributions made to the field by numerous academics from Latin America in subsequent moments. The fundamental goal of this exercise is to provide context for the contributions of the articles included in the current issue of Historia Crítica. Methodology: I will point out the main methods and approaches of numerous papers about the history of emotions and sentiments produced in North America and Europe. At the same time, I will inquire about the attention this field has received in Latin American historiography and present the articles of the dossier. Originality: The text condenses and compares a substantial set of historical viewpoints about emotions and sentiments, the pathways it opens to widening historical explanations and invites exploring them from Latinamerican historiography. Conclusions: The articles collected in this issue suggest the importance of continuing to move forward in the study of the history of emotions and sentiments in Latin America, given the authors of these texts prove that the weight of regimes and the signification of emotional experiences matter in the spectrum of causalities, in the decisions, and the agency of individuals and groups, in the formation of political loyalties, in power contests, in revolutions, and wars, in the representations of order and the manners in which to subvert it, but also in the elucidation of the deepest creases of the lives, feelings, and words of the societies of the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents provides an initial assessment of the benefits that can be obtained by applying thinking routines (Project Zero, Harvard University) in contexts of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), an approach to bilingual education that is now commonplace in Europe and that is gaining ground in other continents. The first part of the study provides a discussion of the theoretical compatibility of visible thinking -the larger conceptual framework which supports the routines- and CLIL, which has the student's cognitive engagement as one of its central methodological principles. In turn, the second part presents the result of a systematic application of the 7 introductory or core routines with preservice teacher trainees in Madrid (Spain) studying a university CLIL program, as well as some experiences of these routines with Elementary education students in three schools of the region. All these experiences attest to the significant benefits of using thinking routines in bilingual instruction, especially in what regards a greater student involvement than alternative practices, on the one hand, and the ability to provide extensive oral practice in question forming. However, a number of their limitations is also discussed, specifically in relation to their cognitive quality as well as their ability to generate situations of authentic communication in L2. Based on these preliminary findings, specific questions for future studies are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of rural space has been changing considerably in Europe since the mid-twentieth century. Due to that the integration of the rural in the global society has been neither simple nor homogeneous, which leads us to suggest that in each territory, rurality has been built from some heterogeneous territorial, cultural and productive bases. Therefore, there is no single rurality, in other words each territory has specific features that should be considered in social analyses. The aim of this paper is to establish a delimitation of the rural area in the province of Malaga using the factorial analysis technique. This analysis has been complemented by a cluster analysis and a non-systematic direct classification, which have both been compared. The final result has been to develop typologies based on the level of productive transformation and the dynamism of the municipalities of Malaga with less than 20000 inhabitants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the technological advance in electricity generation techniques and the prevailing need for sustainable development of countries, the massive use of alternative energies has been in force for the last 15 years, with clear goals towards 2020 for sustainable development. At the regulatory level, Colombia cannot be left behind in the regulation, and progress has already been made on the subject with law 1715 of 2014 and several decrees of incentives in the promotion of renewable energies. The objective of this paper is to show the state of the art on the way in which the net balance and residential energy self-consumption by DER is handled by several tax regulations in different countries of Europe; moreover, it will also go into detail about the advantages offered by using a selected methodology to consider fair charges of support for the use of the electrical network by generators distributed from photovoltaic solar energy, all this as a contribution to advances already made in this field. This is provided from a network planning approach, in which a long-term methodology is selected that efficiently integrates the distributed generation into the interconnected system and allows transition periods in its implementation to avoid disruption of network operators (ORs). Likewise, this analysis is supported by the simulated operation of a system with DER together with the changes in load flows due to decongestion and surplus injection that the electric system has in the scenario of massive use of these resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides some contributions (both methodological and empirical) by the photography in a sociological study on the urban art. It deals specifically with the graffiti and the street art. The central objective is to question how pertinent it is to use a photographic record as a tool for gathering information and carrying out a documentary analysis based on a dual action basis: on one hand, to highlight the methodological process in a research where the photograph is pivotal as a visual means, discussing critically on different views of the city. On the other hand, to provide examples on how the photography is relevant in the social universe under research, i.e., among the artists doing graffiti and street art. In these two cases, taking photographs of the works in the public space provides a double game: 1) as a tangible practice of legitimization and gaining prestige within a collective; and, 2) as a material proof for the recognition and appreciation of their artistic track record. The analytical framework includes to record in situ the produced images in different Latin American (Buenos Aires, Lima, Montevideo) and European cities (Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin, Lisbon, Paris, Porto). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The friction that has occurred - and continues to occur - at some of the European Union's internal borders is a reflection of mechanisms for the delegation and transfer of immigration control between member states. This paper addresses these dynamics - defined as "internal externalisation" - through a comparative analysis of the specific management and legal regulation of France's border with Spain and Italy. These two borders are similar in many respects (being two mountain ranges) but are, at the same time, very different (in the geographical intensity of the controls and types of crossings). Comparing them could reveal the border control mechanisms that characterise the subordinate relationships between member states, and which represent true externalisation of the EU's internal borders. Some states are forced to take on the role of containment states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops a relational analysis of populism. After placing the rise of contemporary European populism in the post-Cold War context, the static definition of populism as a "thin-centred" and restrictive ideology is exposed. A definition of populism as a process is used, in contrast with the tendency to apply static definitions. The figure of Pablo Iglesias is in this sense presented as an exemplary case that demonstrates the limitations of the use of these static definitions. The EU is also examined as a body that is spearheading the depoliticising processes that provoke the populist reaction - placing the focus on the "New Intergovernmentalism" to interpret the integration dilemmas - and the populist-technocratic and liberal-democratic dichotomies are addressed as historical endosymbioses. Finally, consideration is given to what should be done about the populist impasse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature maintains that not all populisms are equal. Some are seen as projects of regeneration or democratisation because they would incorporate an excluded people; others are movements that would weaken democracy by promoting exclusion (xenophobia and racism). The former is "left-wing populism" while the latter is "right-wing populism". This paper shows that what is central to populism is its model of democracy, not whether it is situated on the right or the left. To do this, an evaluation is made of the democratic balance of populisms in three countries in Europe (Austria, France and Hungary) and three in Latin America (Bolivia, Ecuador and Venezuela). As will be shown, those of the right have no more contributed to the destruction of democracy than those on the left may be presented as democratising successes; but all represent a profound challenge to liberal democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the extent to which students are able to assess their own learning and that of their peers (peer assessment and self-evaluation) through erubrica, standards and evaluation criteria proposed by the faculty in the configuration, design and development of project evaluation. This type of evaluation and self-assessment presumes in the New European space of Higher Education that students take a more active role in the learning process and the evaluation itself will serve in helping to achieve the knowledge of professional skills. Thus the use of new technologies in self-regulatory assessment processes allows the student to achieve an optimal, effective and quality performance in the proposed content, as much as in the development of them before the group, considering the act of evaluation as a process of improvement and learning through tools such as the erubrica that favor the "overall assessment"; that is, the assumption of all core competencies. This study has been carried out in the academic year 2011-2012, for two semesters with different core subjects (theory and child education policy and towards an inclusive school: patterns and practices) and with identical groups (Group 1, 1st degree of infant A as the experimental group; and Group 2, 1st degree of infant B, as the control group). This paper exposes the results of peer evaluation and self-evaluation through the implementation of projects, where students evaluate their peers and evaluate themselves by comparing the results with the assessment made by the teacher with their groups and each student individually. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the differences in both access and use of information and communication technologies (ICT) by elderly women in the Europe of 28. An analysis of secondary sources based on Eurostat data is presented, which allows us to describe and compare the access and use of technologies among elderly women, with special attention to the differences between countries and their geographical location within Europe. The aim is to find out whether there are differences in access and use of ICTs according to age and gender, which could constitute a double vulnerability in the use of these technologies, and thus further increase the digital divide and contribute to greater social exclusion of elderly women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of the following paper is to compare the impacts of the financial and economic crisis of 2008 and the following years to the European Union and Latin America. Afiera brief description of the origins and characteristics of the 2008 crisis, the article analyse its effects on the two regions, the implemented politics on both sides and its results. Based on the comparative evaluation of these answers, we deduce some lessons and formulate some recommendations which could contribute to reduce the probability that such crisis repeat in the future or make it at least easier to manage. From a theoretical point of view, we refer o the concepts of neo-realism, new-institutionalism, social-constructivism (norms, values, self-perception, discourse) and, taking on consideration the strong relationship between internal and external factors, "two level game". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic reflection on Islam in Europe began at the start of the 1980s as a phenomenon linked to the settlement of migrant populations. Profound transformations in terms both of the articulation of Muslim identities in Europe and the changes underway in the European national contexts of which the members of these groups form part mean new analytical approaches are required. This paper proposes a reading of the collective religious expressions of Muslims in Europe and the reactive scenarios arising in post-migratory terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has as its goal the measure of the accuracy of the pre-election surveys published in the Spanish media for the 2014 european Parliament, the regionals in the first half of 2015 and the locals in seven of the biggest Spanish cities. Starting with 120 analysed surveys, the aggregated distance model consists of the differences between predictions and actual results by every party and it develops an error coefficient that allows the measure and comparison of those predictions. Results are presented by election, communication group where predictions were published, research company producing them, political party and time distance to election day. Also it is analysed the existing relation between these and some other variables, such as sample size, and the error coefficient as dependent variable with the objective of knowing which are the most decisive factors affecting polls accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article will analyse factors which, since the end of last century, have made interregional relations very important to understand the world geopolitical and economic order. Interregional relations are defined as those which pertain to relations between regions or between a given state and a given region, or within a megaregion. This evolution results from: the growing demand in the emerging economies and the interaction among them, a new framework of interregional economic relations, and the development of new commercial channels. Finally, this paper will introduce the different articled included in this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the dynamics of the reconfiguration of Bolivian migratory fields in the context of the crisis affecting European destination countries. At a global level, we show how the 2008 worldwide economic crisis, and, in particular, its severity in Spain, has reoriented Bolivian migratory flows towards regional Latin American destinations: economies undergoing larger relative growth, such as Brazil and Chile, are newer destinations, while migration to Argentina has a long history. In a more qualitative approach, based on fieldwork interviews with Bolivian migrants in Spain, we explore the key factors that determine migratory strategies: whether to stay, return or re-emigrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]