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This paper compares results of two different sociophonetic analysis models: a continuous model and a categorical one. The sociophonetic variable investigated is the production of intervocalic /d/ in Madrid. In the continuous model, the weakening of /d/ was calculated by taking acoustic intensity measurements, in such a way that said analysis can accurately inform on the entire spectrum of possible productions of /d/ (i.e., from very occlusive to very weakened). In the categorical model, the weakening of /d/ was coded in a binary way (retention or total elision) so that this analysis only informs of the most extreme case of consonant weakening: elision. The same linguistic and extralinguistic independent variables were included in both statistical analyses. Although the results of both analyses show significant similarities regarding the effect of the independent variables, differences were also found. In addition to providing a sociophonetic characterization of the production of /d/ in Madrid, this article highlights some considerations that must be taken into account when examining sociophonetic phenomena with both continuous and categorical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to carry out a general review of the field of linguistic attitudes and, of its application in foreign languages teaching. It begins with a disciplinary placement of linguistic attitudes, taking into account the main authors and theoretical lines. Likewise, it inquires about their relationships with linguistic awareness, linguistic insecurity, stereotypes and prejudices. Then, the problem of defining linguistic attitudes and the characterization of their various components from different approaches is examined. Similarly, relationships between style, prestige and linguistic attitudes studies in the educational field are analyzed, and how formation of linguistic attitudes influences the teaching/learning processes of foreign languages. Finally, connections between linguistic attitudes, motivation, language acquisition and how these connections intervene in communicative competence and in the processes of communicative accommodation of the language speaker are studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research article is to explain the identity features of the people from Boyaca, such as typical dress, dialect, regional products, and some customs, from a sociolinguistic analysis of the lyrics of the representative songs of Jorge Velosa. In this paper, the song "I am also Boyaco1" is taken as a specific case study. Initially, the relationship between language, culture, and identity is succinctly presented; later the generalities of carranguera music and its main exhibitor Jorge Velosa are exhibited; it concludes with a partial analysis of a sociophonetic, sociogrammatical, sociolexical and sociocultural type of the studied song. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents glotopolitical reflections in relation to multilingualism and bilingualism in Colombia, as well as the characteristics of both sociolinguistic and glotopolitical approach. It also raises the need to implement in our country linguistic policy and planning based on glotopolitical criteria enabling equitable development of languages that are part of the social, cultural and everyday reality in Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Initially, some reflections are exposed in which the problem situation is contextualized and posed: psychosociolinguistic learning of orthography; later, the investigative experience of this paper authors is shared, in relation to the development of a pedagogical proposal to achieve the correct use of the accent mark in Spanish, with two groups of infants, of the same number of educational institutions, from two municipalities of Boyaca state, and, finally, linguistic, grammatical, sociolinguistic, psychosociolinguistic, lexical and contextual elements, among others, related to spelling are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]