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The main aim of this paper is to identify social protests that took place in Brazil and Argentina during the first 100 days of the Pandemic known as COVID 19 determining the symbols, slogans, and demands of those who lead the collective action. The identity perspective of collective action and a collection of qualitative information allowed to reconstruct its political trajectory and its dynamics. The argument developed in this paper consists in understanding social protest from the dynamic of social polarization. In fact, despite differences in health strategy and presidential leadership styles, the dynamics of social polarization characteristic of the pre-pandemic era, have persisted in terms of collective actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes debt securitization in underdeveloped countries, using the case of Argentina, Mexico, and Brazil. We argue that the three countries have had a significant increase in the issuance of debt securities. However, the nature of the securities issued is different in each nation. In the case of Argentina, the increase in international debt securities in circulation has to do with the issuance of government securities. In Mexico, the increase is more related to the new financing needs of Mexican non-financial corporations. While in Brazil, the increase in the issuance of debt securities is due to a combination of both factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we work about the sense that the concept of inclusion acquired as a guiding principle of educational policies in the context of progressive governments 2003-2010 in Argentina, Uruguay and Brasil. We describe and analyze some educational policy programs aimed at educational inclusion in those countries based on theoretical contributions and political perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between fiscal and monetary policy coordination and fiscal multipliers in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico. To do so, we first look at the theoretical framework of the New Consensus Macroeconomics (NCM), and then analyze the trends in the four countries for variables including consumption, investment, government spending, and interest rates. Finally, we present an estimate of the spending and monetary multipliers with proxy variables. The contribution of this paper consists of one, showing the inexistence of the crowding out effect, and two, quantifying the multipliers for the aforementioned countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reflects on achievements of the expansion policies in Latin American universities, focusing on their strengths and the grey areas that can limit their democratizing effects. From a theoretical viewpoint, outlines of the concept of democratization will be examined, acknowledging diverse meanings and approaches. This theoretical construction will be applied to analyze the cases of Argentina and Brazil. The working hypothesis poses the existence of a certain cut back in the democratizing scope of these policies, which implies that, although new social groups have access to a college education, this situation does not always translate into reducing social inequalities [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the problem of the professionalization of the military forces of the River Plate state in the first half of the 19th century, analyzing the attempts to establish a particular type of discipline and bureaucratic procedures in combat units that had emerged from a very intense popular mobilization. This problem is studied in two times. The regulations governing the administration of the armies and the kind of administrative tasks that were demanded from each officer will first be analyzed. Then this ideal administrative model imported from Europe will be confronted with the realities of its application, through the study of a particular case: the traumatic attempt to transform the Freedom Dragoons -a unit born from the Banda Oriental rural uprising of 1825- into a Line Cavalry Regiment within the Republican Army which was about to open the war against the Brazil. This modest episode, explored through the memoirs of the officer in charge of the reform, will enable us to shed light on the specific constraints encountered by those officials who spoke on behalf of the State and intended to discipline the forces of a people in arms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the archaeological record of the lower basin of the Paraná river, Myocastor coypus has been always present. For this reason in this paper we analyze the recurrence of this prey characterized as living in river ecosystems, and, because of its ease of hunting and the possibility of multiple uses of its fur, we estimate that this species was a resource highly exploited by hunter-gatherers in the past. Quantitative (NISP and MNI) and qualitative (modification of the bone surface) analyses of the recovered samples have been done in order to determine how M. coypus might have been exploited in the past. In order to evaluate the variability of the record, we compare samples from different sites in order to establish the similarities and/or differences among them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper expects to prove that, between 1958 and 1962, Brazil and Argentina converged towards a national project with similar characteristics, reaching its highest point at the Uruguayana Accords. This successful outcome of the collaboration promoted by Kubistchek and Frondizi, and then further pursued by Quadros, was the result of a mutual decision to leave behind the traditional competitive relations and evolve towards a period of important joint action. In order to understand this paradigm shift, the elements relating to the configuration and influence of the internal and external context, the implementation of an independent foreign politics and the pursuit of objectives that would overcome economic dependency have been explored, while keeping in mind the different theoretic approaches of the main players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the relationship between the performance of Latin American stock markets with their real economies, applying seven econometric models for the cases of Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico. The relationship between stock market yields in these countries and their respective GDPS is examined and compared, applying to the series for each country unit root tests, cointegration analysis, error correction model analysis, Granger causality modeling, self-regression vector analysis, stimulus and response functions, and variance decomposition analysis. The series comprise the following stock markets: Argentina's MERVAL, Brazil's BOVESPA, Chile's IGPA, and Mexico's IPC, as compiled by Economática. The GDP series were obtained from the Cepalstat data base. The series are monthly and are for the period 1993-2005. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the progress achieved during a brief stay within the framework of a postdoctoral research that the author conducted in 2009 with the aim of acknowledging the conditions under which the "hospice" movement emerges in Argentina and Brazil, and assess to what extent this has enabled innovation in the treatment of disease. We consider that 'palliative care' is a polysemic concept, which results from a process of "refocusing" of caring, through which new meanings appear from contributions of doctors, philosophers, theologians, psychotherapists, nurses, social workers, caregivers, pastors, religious and social activists, etc., in both theoretical and practical aspects and in its complex links with religion, morality and culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses educational reforms undertaken during the last two decades in Argentina and Brazil focusing on the structure of teaching, teacher's work, its organization, resistance and conflicts arisen from the expected changes. The starting point results from two researches developed over the last few years, in which the ongoing educational reforms in Latin American countries are analyzed from a comparative perspective. The article concludes that the reforms carried out in Argentina and Brazil since 1990, have meant deep transformations both in school organization and school work organization; they have accomplished, amongst the main consequences, the intensification and precariousness of teacher's work, and have brought about different expressions of educational conflict as regards the individual, group and collective areas, all evidence provided by the schools under study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last quarter of the 20th century, Argentina was still concentrating the largest amount of intra-regional migrants in the southern cone of Latin America, whereas the number of Bolivian, Paraguayan, Uruguayan and Argentine migrants in Brazil was also increasing. This paper identifies the differences and transformations in the education and labor profile of new and old regional migrants recorded in Argentina and Brazil. Thus, it analyzes the distribution following the criterion of education level and occupation of migration cohorts determined by the year in which residence was taken up in both countries. It also shows differences between native and migrant workers. The conclusion arrived to is that in Argentina, the higher schooling of the new regional migrants did not substantially affect the segregation in occupations with a lower qualification, in branches such as agriculture, construction, manufacturing and housework. In Brazil, the increase in the number of Paraguayans, Bolivians, Uruguayans and Argentinians coming in matched a heterogeneization of the predominantly qualified profiles of the last three groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotechnology, which is the manipulation of matter at a scale of one billionth of a meter, is poised to be one of the main technological developments of the twenty-first century. Although great uncertainty still surrounds it, the advances in nanotechnology have been impressive, and, given its potential, capitalist competition in the field is becoming increasingly intense. This paper addresses nanotechnology from a socio- political and geo-economic perspective in order to highlight the dynamics and interests at stake, the social networks and power relations involved, and the existing tensions due to capitalist competition and contradiction, among other aspects. This case study of nanotechnology in the Western hemisphere allows us to show and discuss some of the principal ways high technology is fomented in the metropolis (the United States in this case) and how this research agenda is adopted in the periphery (in Mexico, Brazil and Argentina). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the impact of the transnationalization in Economy localization patterns of the urban activities in an intermediate city -Mendoza, Argentina- and in a city linked with the global economy-San Pablo, Brasil- is evaluated. This study is based on the retrospective and comparative analysis of the aspects related to the land use and to the population, stemming from the definition of geographical typologies and geographical associations. It has been established that the distribution patterns differ according to the consideration of "traditional" or "new" activities. Also, the territorial transformation and the process that originates them are considered. Among the conclusions, it is important to underline the existence of similarities between the localization patterns of urban activities in both cities, although there is a difference in there magnitudes. As a difference between both cities it is noted that while in one of them diversification prevails, in the other specialization develops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mercosur, a common market comprising Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay, tends to derogate tariffs, non-tariff barriers and to adopt a shared foreing trade tariff. It also promotes production factors' free mobility and a shared trade policy. The integration process will have deep consequences throughout our countries' economies, including sheep husbandry and marketing. This paper includes a brief summary of the characteristics of Mercosur's sheep husbandry, with a review of its development possibilities so as to then produce a critique of the gene improvement goals and strategies in place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]