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The academic research that includes any reference to Santa Fe's municipal female suffrage is scarce and nominal. In this paper, I propose to outline the routes of women's municipal suffrage in the province of Santa Fe. The central exercise is the visibility in order to answer basic, essential questions: what, who, when, where, how, for what, and why. As hypotheses, we propose that changing the scale from a gender perspective will allow us to see different aspects (Fernández "La historia" 19) and "write a more diverse, heterogeneous history, different from the Argentine nation" (Palermo "La historia" 32), which relativizes the predominant "national fact", including female suffrage's histories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to make a qualitative assessment of youthful transitions when finishing secondary school. The main issue addressed by this work revolves around the way in which the young undergo this process while attending their last year of secondary education. The analysis was performed by considering the youth collective’s experiences and post-secondary expectations, which are largely connected with their unique vision in relation to the future they discern for themselves in local scenarios. An in-depth survey was conducted among a purposive sample of young people that attended state-run secondary schools during the 2016-2017 school years. The interviews enquired into the assessment, meanings, feelings, wishes and mandates that characterise this turning point. The findings of the study were then classified into four encompassing categories: educational, socioeconomic, personal, and cultural. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the historical evolution of the anthropology of gender from its birth to the present day. It shows how this anthropology cannot give an integral answer to the question of who the person is because the anthropology of gender exclusively bases its studies on the category of sexuality. Therefore, it cannot be considered a philosophical anthropology because it forgets the other powers and dimensions of the human being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intersections of various inequalities impact the lives of amazigh women in Morocco. This paper addresses the situation of special vulnerability experienced by these amazigh women: for being women, indigenous and rural population. Thus patriarchy, racism and classism intersect, weaving a construct of oppression. But along with making visible and denouncing the situation of vulnerability of amazigh women, we also want to value the contributions of these women to the development of their communities, the wellbeing of their families and the sustainability of life. Through the recognition of their identity, and from their historical-cultural legacy, these women are moving from vulnerability to empowerment. The amazigh women's agency and its resistance are a source of learning and inspiration for the construction of cultures to make peace(s). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we explore the hair and beard grooming narratives of fourteen upper-middle-class men aged between 27 and 40 years from Lima, as well as those of barbers and barbershop managers. We conduct in-depth interviews and analyze their thematic and interpretive content. We find that the interviewees use various strategies to avoid being feminized by their interest in grooming. At the same time, the subjects seek to match their hairstyle and/or beard with their clothing and body type in order to appear well turned-out; in Peru, this practice is strongly linked to racial, gender and class narratives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this paper is to reflect on changes in gender relations in families and parenthood in Mexico. Methodology: Methodologically, documentary information between 1987 and 2020 was consulted. Classic texts that allow locating the changes in meanings around childhood and the relationship of parents with their children are incorporated, since the relationship, care and attention was not always considered a priority as it is today. Results: The results show how the cultural transformations based on the commitments assumed in the International Conference on Population and Development, and World Conferences on women, Mexico City (1975) and Beijing (1995), incorporate actions to involve men in gender equal rights and fatherhood. Conclusion: The conclusion suggests how involvement in families leads them to reconcile participation in various settings, building complex identities as men/couples/parents/workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transdisciplinary dialogue between feminist theories and other approaches is fundamental. The purpose of this paper is to present a theoretical reflection on the pertinence of incorporating the Feminist Standpoint Theory within the psychosocial perspective of Symbolic Interactionism developed from the Chicago School. We find this possibility at various convergence points between both stances: the opposition to positivism and scientificism; the interest in disarticulating essentialist conceptions; a situated, partial and processual vision of the construction of knowledge; the openness to implement various methods; and an investigative orientation based on intersubjectivity and experience. In this way, the possibilities of analysis and interpretation of one frame are neither accessory nor complementary to the other. Instead, we suggest thinking of a Feminist Symbolic Interactionism through the discussion of its epistemological, conceptual and methodological implications. What underlays in this theoretical positioning is an analytical and political enunciation platform that allows a critical psychosocial approach to inequality and other phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I study the graphic series entitled Negro Woman (1946) by the American-Mexican artist Elizabeth Catlett. I rely on the concept of "postmemory" in relation to the slavery suffered by the artist's grandparents, as the base to interpret her desire to create consciousness on the double oppression experienced by black women, both in the past and in the present moment. Working in the artistic context of the Taller de Gráfica Popular, Catlett introduced in mid-century México the intersectionality of gender and race in a very explicit and forceful way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the temporal structure of daily life in two historical neighborhoods in San José City. These neighborhoods are Cristo Rey and Escalante. This paper shows how this structure or architecture behaves like a political time-economy through the time. The logic that organizes daily time in both neighborhood spaces is the social division of labor and the social division of gender. The article also shows that the people who live in Cristo Rey experiment daily routine. And those who live in Escalante neighborhood have flexible time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a reflection on the inclusion of the gender perspective in the university classroom, specifically, within the compulsory subject of Strategies for communication in multilingual groups of the Degree in Social Education at the University of Almería (Spain). In this, a didactic training proposal for Social Education students is proposed from the parameters of Critical Discourse Analysis to determine what discursive strategies the Spanish press uses to refer to refugee-type migrants, especially women. For this, the corpus created by the R + D DIPURE Project (The Public Discourse on Refugees in Spain) was used, since we consider that the results of the analysis will collaborate in recognizing possible stereotypes and prejudices that can be transmitted in this public discourse of the media, in this case Spanish, to be able to be combated and overcome in the framework of a democratic society that pursues equity and equality between women and men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The government of poverty becomes educational policy and pedagogical approach in schools that develop proposals of education differentiated according to "sex", aimed at children and adolescents from popular sectors. Teachers' conceptions about their work with these sectors are based on a naturalistic and "social" reading of gender, which justifies the physical separation of boys and girls, and the supposed greater effectiveness of the work of educating if the "sex" of the teacher is homologated with that of the students. A pedagogical work is deployed with families in which they are placed as a threat or as possible allies, in terms of social work on gender violence in the family space. Gender policies are thus re-appropriated locally, justifying an organizational and pedagogical model based on physical separation and segregation according to criteria of inequality and differences, which reinforces the fragmentation of the system and segregation processes. The paper is based on a qualitative research developed in a private Catholic school that separates boys and girls in the city of Buenos Aires, and sought to understand the articulation of class and gender in the production of educational inequalities and their approach from the teachers' point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the state of question and a brief historical sketch of ecofeminism, its impact on ethics, its interdisciplinary method, and the challenges it presents for theology. The main interest of this feminist current consists in its approach towards sustainability, overcoming anthropocentrism and androcentrism. Connections are shown between the feminine condition and the exploitation of the planet and the evolution of the discipline from a movement of anthropological thought towards a current of bridging dialogue between ecological, gender and ethical concerns. The incipient ecofeminist spirituality is the means for the praxis of a biophilic human life where theology can find a future of relevance and influence in society and politics, through the promotion of women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The feminist discourse of the late 20th century, on the diversity of female and male identities, has been subjected to a profound critique of feminist research itself in the plural context of the 21st century. The debate has gone beyond the academic and has extended to the media and the church. We are therefore witnessing an extension of the historical “Women’s Quest” which began at the end of the 14th century on the intellectual capacity of women to reflect on themselves and create knowledge. Querelle in the 21st century has centered on the debate about gender. The intention of this paper is to help clarify some aspects of the notion of gender and to make visible the different positions on it, as well as to set out some interpretative keys that can favour an internal dialogue, where meeting rather than confrontation is the main thing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is based on a fieldwork carried out in the lands of a former rural property in Northeastern Brazil. I consider the history of this property as told by its old inhabitants, who still live there. I intend to demonstrate that the content as well as the social dynamics of their narrations leave out the experiences and the accounts of women. Also, the categories of social sciences that I take to the fieldwork are predominantly associated with masculine experiences. In this paper I explore the marginalized narratives that fall outside the history of this place. In these, specific gender experiences emerge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first complaint about sexual violence as a form of torture in the Algerian war concerns Djamila Boupacha. Her case was defended in the Algerian and French courts by the feminist lawyer Gisèle Halimi, and it had a massive public impact thanks to the support of Simone de Beauvoir and the mobilisation of a committee composed mainly of women, which sought to raise the political and legal profile of a matter which was destined to remain hidden. The paper assesses the anti-colonial and anti-patriarchal stance on which it is based, analyses the entire judicial process, and highlights the issues that herald the evolution of law towards gender justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose if this paper is to explore the linguistic and creative potential of lexical units resulting from the compression of words or phrases, by analyzing the language of the written press. The linguistic status of the abbreviated units is not uncontroversial, they are accommodating their external configuration, pronunciation and morphosyntactic features to common words. The adaptation of the abbreviations takes place through their lexicalization, semantic demotivation, phonological and spelling accommodation, active participation in word formation. Phono-graphemic and morphological variation (with respect to the gender, plural forms, grammar categories of noun and adjective, hyphenation, use of capital or small letters) is related, on the one hand, to the continuous and growing use of the abbreviations in the language and, on the other, to the absence of the conventional usage norms. High frequency and widespread use to save space and effort come together with the search of stylistic effects, explaining why the abbreviations are widely present in feature articles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution of television viewers' consumption habits explains the renewal of their interests as objects of study. One of the current trends is the production of original contents by VoD streaming platforms, where fiction series starring teenagers stand out. This paper analyzes the representation of teenage characters belonging to the LGTBIQ+ community in a Netflix original series, Sex Education. This series stands out for the diversity in the typology of its characters. The results conclude that even if the intention of the series is to represent diversity in the characters' identities, the series is based on presenting stereotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a theoretical reflection on men's involvement in the activity of caring. First of all, this paper understands care conceptually from a gender perspective. Indeed, men are recognised as subjects of social rights and, therefore, different political challenges in relation to care are considered. Secondly, it addresses the diversity of needs that men currently demand in order to care. The aim is to analyse the participation and involvement of Spanish men in the provision of care, insofar as there are different models that advocate the detriment of traditional masculinity and fatherhood. In this sense, incipiently, many men are beginning to question their masculinity, with the aim of manifesting attitudes and behaviours in relation to the emotion, receptivity and pleasure of caring. The qualitative analysis of 91 publications is based on an integrated manual and computer coding scheme. In conclusion, it is worth highlighting the need to carry out more empirical research on the participation of Spanish men in caregiving, as well as to deepen the academic framework of caring masculinities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze care-provision to women with disability in a great dependency situation as recognized by the Administration, who study or have studied in public universities in Andalusia and the Community of Madrid. From a qualitative perspective, based on their narratives as well as on the account of several Technicians from the Attention to Disability Programs of their corresponding Universities, we can acknowledge the resources, support and care they have relied on from the System for Autonomy and Care for Dependency (SAAD, in Spanish) as well as the Higher Education Institutions. We seek to answer if the right to inclusive education can be guaranteed in our country, based on their own opinions and perceptions about their support systems and the complexity and variety of these, as well as to delve into the articulation of their support system, identity construction and capacity for agency. This paper manifests the many limitations found in the practice of inclusive education and the fact that the support provided by the Public Administration does not enable the right to self-determination and independent life. Some mechanisms to improve inclusive education regarding women with disability in the university sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the time of the 20th anniversary of the adoption of United Nations Security Council resolution 1325, this paper conducts a critical analysis of the track record of the international Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda. The text retraces the history of the WPS agenda by examining its key features, strengths, gaps and weaknesses. What are the main criticisms made of the series of measures on the WPS agenda and their implementation? Answering this question enables us to glimpse the agenda's major weaknesses, as well as the key challenges for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For dwellers of informal settlements the value of housing is not only determined by its material aspects, but also by immaterial and political elements. The theoretical notion of 'home' by feminist geographers has gradually been introduced in housing studies as a way to counteract the view of housing just as a material need, as well as to introduce a gender approach to housing. Although women have played a key role in accessing housing in Chile, there has been little recognition of this in literature or in practice. The paper presents four aspects of the feminist literature of home in order to discuss a gender approach to the production of informal housing. In order to do this, the paper presents four dimensions: home-making and the emotions that drive it; home-making through the intersectionality of identities; home-making at different territorial scales; and home-making and its political dimension. The dimensions are discussed through a gender-approached research in informal settlements in Viña del Mar, using qualitative methodology with participatory photography and life stories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze women's participation in the Development with Territorial Approach Programs (PDET) from a gender perspective. The PDET were issued in Decree 893 of 2017 and originate in the first point of the Peace Agreement between the Colombian government and the FARC-EP, which contains the Integral Rural Reform guidelines. The paper analyzes the implementation strategies of the aforementioned decree to determine if women are guaranteed and allowed to participate actively and in a differentiated manner in the rural territory's transformation during the post-agreement, and if such participation constitutes an effective affirmative action that seeks gender equity and the historical claim of women's rights. The methodology for gender analysis regarding legal aspects proposed by Alda Facio is adopted as a guide to determine the material presence of the gender equity approach for women. Basic concepts on gender and affirmative actions, as well as the treatment they are given in Decree 893 of 2017 are analyzed to contextualize the current situation of inequality experienced by rural women in Colombia and the role assigned to them in the Integral Rural Reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we analyze the ideas and practices that the medical field deployed around birth control. From a relational and gender perspective, we find differences in the approaches to contraceptive methods, abortion and sterilization. In the context of the demographic transition and the rise of eugenic ideas, voluntary birth control was a problem for the medical elite. In contrast, the marginal positioning spread knowledge to access sexual pleasure without worrying about reproduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we will analyze some fundamental issues to undertake the edition and translation into Spanish of the Renaissance treatise Gli Asolani by Pietro Bembo, according to a gender perspective. We will consider the history of the different redactions of this Renaissance work and the influence that the author's biography had on its development. We will also review the only existing Spanish translation of Gli Asolani and take into account the main contributions that have so far revealed the role played by female figures in the treatise, analyzing the most significant fragments of the text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What are the limits of childhood? When does it start and when does it end? Does it happen at the same time for girls and boys? What impact do physiological processes have? What impact do social institutions such as the school have? These questions, all too familiar to many childhood researchers, emerged again when researching menstruation in four different regions of Peru. This paper focuses on one of them, Ucayali, where I reconsider research conducted in previous years in different communities in the light of more recent work. The aim was to examine the characteristics of childhood among the Shipibo people, with a particular focus on girls, and how a biological process such as menstruation implies social representations and actions, and reflects gender norms. Results show an imaginary in which sexual maturation and the possibility of being a mother signals the end of childhood, entering a period of danger and the need for greater control, which is not present for boys of the same age group. Since this is such a defining process, there is a strong lack of information on menstruation among girls, as well as gaps and silence in school that contribute to the reproduction of such a lack of information. Fear and embarrassment, fuelled by lack of information, reduce girls' assistance or restrict their participation in the school when menstruating, which in turn negatively affects school experiences and learning, reproducing and strengthening gender inequalities during childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sex, porn and video games are cultural elements of great importance and consumption. Additionally, a critical and artistic movement called post-porn has emerged in recent years and seeks to create new forms of experimenting sexual pleasure as well as non-normative porn in order to visibilize and empower both women and sexual minorities. The present paper aims to explore the intersection between sex and porn with video games, spaces historically conceived for male use. To that end, we provide an overview of the representation of sex and we analyze if there are examples of works that could be considered post-pornographic in video games. We conclude that the presentation of sex in this medium is still cisheterocentric and catering to the male gaze but that the existence of some post-pornographic practices illustrates the potential that video games have to dismantle gender and sexual stereotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the results of a research carried out in the Sociology Department at Universidad de las Villas, in accordance with the guidelines of the Network Design and Attention to Gender Opportunities in Higher Education for the year 2020. On the basis of five dimensions, the Study Plan of the Sociology career was analyzed in order to arrive at proposals for the transversality of the gender perspective. It was found that, given the flexibility of the new Study Plan, it was possible to endorse in the contents of 13 subjects of the career, concrete elements of gender ideology, in addition to making proposals from research, postgraduate and extracurricular activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper lays out a critical reading of the II Equality Plan of the Judicial Career, approved on 30 January 2020 by the plenary session of the General Council of the Judiciary. Specifically, this study notices the context and content of the new Equality Plan, analyzing the actions to be developed by the General Council of the Judiciary and introducing lege ferenda proposals for its improvement. In addition, the existing previous situation is examined, tracing the evolution of the entire normative framework on equality, in order to have a broader and more critical view of the arduous and difficult path towards an equal Judiciary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores to what extent individual, organizational and social factors determine academic trajectories, controlling for socio-demographic variables such as sex and academic rank. For this, a correlational study was developed in a convenience sample of academics from the Federico II University of Naples, in Italy (N = 228, 55.3 % men and 44.7 % women), between 21 and 67 years old (M = 51.7, SD = 9.2), with the use of descriptive statistics and multiple correspondence analysis. The results show two differentiated tendencies: (1) that of male and full-professors, and (2) that of women and middle and early-career levels. The first group perceive less difficulties and value personal (Model 1, 53.9 % of variance) and family success (Model 2, 50.3 % of variance) factors more. Barriers such as the influence of informal power networks (Model 3, 42.7 % of variance) and family issues, as work-life balance (Model 4 and 5, 50.2 % and 59.9 % of variance), are perceived with greater intensity by the second group. The results highlight the importance of measures for equal opportunities in academia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is intended to determine the worth of unpaid health care in Uruguay and to characterize the caregivers (either paid or unpaid) who serve ill people. These objectives are accomplished mainly through the quantitative analysis of the data gathered by the first National Survey of Unpaid Health Care (2013) in Uruguay. This survey enables to become aware and set the worth of the unpaid health care times (replacement cost method) and to characterize the unpaid caregivers. This paper shows how the unpaid health care provided by homes accounts for a third of whole health care aggregate in the Gross Domestic Product. Women are the main caregivers, thus assuming the costs of losing their autonomy and seeing reduced the opportunities to enjoy their rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the novel entitled The Autobiography of my mother by Caribbean writer Jamaica Kincaid. An analysis of some of the characteristics of the genre known as "Bildungsroman" concludes that this novel does not belong to that genre. It specifically suggests that the Bildungsroman novel deals with the history of a young male and white character that undergoes a development process accompanied by a mentor until he is able to settle into his rightful social role. On the contrary, Xuela, the protagonist of the novel, is a Caribbean girl growing in a post-colonial world where she rebels against the racial and gender categories imposed on her. Based on José Santiago Fernández' reflections on comparisons between Bildungsroman and colonialism, and Gayle Rubin's and Luce Irigaray's theory of gender and psychoanalysis, this paper analyzes the social models present in the novel and the resources used by Xuela to reject them. This is what precludes the incorporation of this novel into the Bildungsroman genre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze 39 academic papers on different themes about sexual diversity produced 1988-2015. The analysis is based on four pairs: Sexual practices/Bodies, Marriage/Families, Identities/Prejudice and Rights/Citizenship. Based on that, we propose new themes for investigation and reflections about the challenges within the Salvadoran higher education to build the field of Sexual Diversity Studies. In conclusion, despite the existence of 39 papers - which are a step forward -, the closet of the Salvadoran Academy is still closed, and therefore a question arises: how can we open it? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with a customary topic on Spanish compound studies: the structures of pez globo and niño prodigio, and their classification as compounds or appositions. I propose that both structures are appositions (created in the syntax), even if they are provided with distinctive properties. I develop a suitable framework for characterizing the existing differences between both classes. In my proposal, globo establishes with pez a different syntactic relationship (one of direct modification) from the one that prodigio establishes with niño (a predication relationship). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper identifies factors that influence the decisions to take credits from formal and from informal sources in Mexico. Employing data from the Mexican National Survey of Financial Inclusion, the econometric results reveal a set of factors that have a positive effect on the choices of formal credit, but negative in the choice of informal sources (income, education, marital status, gender, and access to insurance), another set that statistically explains only the choice of formal sources (ownership of collateral, size of the household, financial savings, and ownership of cellphones), and a variable that only influences the use of informal sources (age). The study helps to improve our understanding of why participation in the formal sector in Mexico remains low relative to its informal counterpart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the production, themes and relations between authorship and direction of Ph.D. theses on photography in Spain (2010-2020) from a gender perspective. Bibliometric techniques have been applied using Dialnet as the main source and two thesis samples in Social Sciences and Humanities. The 354 theses in photography (54.52% female authors, and 62.16% male professors in management roles), show a weak academic model to ensure a constant scientific production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the mechanisms used by four sisters to request a license to make bread with the image of the Virgin of San Juan de los Lagos that could be used as relics by pilgrims. Said document was made and written by the Márquez sisters: Gertrudis, Paula, Inés and María. The elements used by these women consist of managing their gender role as a tool to obtain the license to manufacture the rolls. In turn, these ladies sought to earn some money, contribute to the salvation of the pilgrims, that they carry a relic to their places of origin. In short, they sought to perform a common good for the faithful of the image of the virgin of San Juan de los Lagos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a first analytical effort to constitute a feminist sociology of transgression. Based on the sociology of deviation, feminism and psychoanalysis, some notes are proposed to provide theoretical and epistemological content for concepts to enable us to understand the phenomenon of the rupture of the social order, characterized as the grammar of horror. First the conceptual basis of this proposal is explained. Then the author debates why the concept of deviation is insufficient for interpreting and understanding the rupture of the social order. Finally, the conceptual and thematic proposal that should be adopted by a sociology that seeks to make women's bodies, behaviors and practices visible is presented. From a methodological point of view, this is an analytical theoretical debate that uses empirical references from the current social order in Mexico where necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I will focus on the making of interviews as a work strategy. I do not propose, then, to reflect in the abstract, but based on the historical research I produced from the interviews. I will attend the representative dimension of the concept of citizenship. I will expose the lessons learned in the process of constructing my research problem about how women became political citizens in Argentina between 40's and 50's. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This paper presents the partial results of an interdisciplinary research following an innovation project funded by the University of Salamanca. Gender studies within the framework of intersectionality emerge as an analytical tool through which to understand the complexity of the world, the diversity of people and experiences. Social inequalities, in this case related to gender, sexuality, age or life skills, after youth are the driving forces behind research. The media is all-powerful as a reflection screen of social and cultural models, of male and female patterns. Methodology: The chosen methodology was based on the application of the Bechdel test, to differentiate the presence and the dialogical issue between the two female protagonists, and on the Rydel Inclusion, to evaluate the gender representation on the artistic-technical teams. The purpose is the identification of gender stereotypes and their disruption on the series Grace and Frankie, where protagonists are over 70 years old and keep on overcome the psychological barrier of the 70 years showing continuously vital expectations, on an active and intense way Results: There is a paradigm change of the traditional stereotypes presentation so that senior protagonists continue to have important vital principles, accepting weaknesses as an age result, or as something natural and existential. Conclusions: The outcome show surprising data on the Rydel test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women and Public Space in Bogotá, Colombia: 'A Field of Battles, of Risk and of Fear' presents some of the results of an investigation aiming to determine in which way the women of Bogotá use urban public spaces. It is based on a fundamental premise: urban regions are not a place of neutrality but rather involve unequal relations between men and women. One of the most significant contributions of this paper is the approach to the scenarios through an intense ethnography. In the Colombian case, this is the first investigation developed on the relationship between women and public space through the realization of an important fieldwork. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to their characteristics, cooperatives have a great potential for women and men to participate on equal terms, although gender imbalances still exist. In order to explore this issue, this paper reviews the evolution of the cooperative movement with respect to gender equality, paying attention to the forces in the environment that have strengthened this position. It also analyses the elements that act in environments as disparate as those of Cuba and Spain and that favor the participation of women in cooperatives. Reference is made to Non-agricultural Cooperatives in Cuba and Associated Work Cooperatives in Spain, which are similar organizations. Using a qualitative methodology, theoretical methods of a socio-legal nature were used, which made it possible to focus on the evolution of cooperativism as part of a historical process and to compare the cases of both countries. The corpus has been made up of the main international declarations on gender and the Social Economy, as well as laws, regional and national public policies that promote gender equality in cooperatives. The results indicate that, with the particularities of each country, the evolution of the international context has exerted pressure for action in this area. However, the changes introduced by cooperatives require that the experience for women be successful, in terms of promoting real long-term empowerment and being a viable economic alternative that transcends the times of crisis that have encouraged them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is the result of a research carried out under the umbrella of the "UNESCO UniTWIN Network on Media, Gender, and ICTs" Project, and it tries to determine the presence of subjects with a specific focus on gender in the current Communication Degrees offered at Spanish universities. The inclusion of subjects about gender equality in relation to media follows the suggestions of the IV World Conference on Women in Beijing (1995). The main objective of this research will be to investigate the presence of these subjects in Communication Degrees, identifying the elements that define them at a thematic, methodological and relevant levels within the curriculum. A mixed methodological design is proposed based on ex-post-facto research, with a descriptive orientation and the search for improvement, a qualitative analysis of study plans using ATLAS.ti and a panel of experts. The results reveal a scarce presence of this type of subjects, with a higher percentage in public universities than in private ones, and also a minimal relevance as compulsory subjects. This research study reveals the current formal training in gender studies of future generations of media professionals and serves as an endorsement for forthcoming changes of curricula in the European Higher Education Area context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to analyze the link between the consumption patterns oriented by social, ethical and environmental dimensions, with responsible consumption trends. Within the framework of a research project about the responsible consumption patterns in the Uruguayan's millennial generation of the university population, the results of an opinion poll show an important predisposition towards consumption forms that incorporate social and environmental aspects. The statistical sample corresponds to a non-probability sample of 328 cases. Specifically, 14 variables will be analyzed according to university degree and sex. In conclusion, we observe a more responsible opinion among women, although it does not always acquire statistical relevance, and when this occurs, it is with low values. Unfortunately, the sample size does not allow us to draw conclusions about how the type of university degree studied affects behavior. Even so, it would seem that the students of some careers such as engineering or law show a behavior less affected by the socioenvironmental and ethical dimensions, in both the students of careers such as Architecture and the whole of the Social Sciences (we do not include the econommics sciences here) behave more responsibly. Although in the analysis compared to other research it is not clear whether or not there is an association between responsible consumption and new generations, our study shows that certain patterns of responsible consumption are affecting the majority of millennial university students, an aspect that would be confirming a correlation between educational levels and responsible consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a line of reflection on gender differences rooted in the construction sector in the country, taking as a reference official statistical data regarding the labor participation of women in this sector and others in general, and that this phenomenon occurs in other countries, with which it acquires a practically global nature. The gender difference at work constitutes an obstacle for the development of women potentialities and a barrier for the society development, since they are marginalized from scientific and formative processes, not only labor ones. In a field such as construction where ethics is an integral part of the professional, equity should also be understood as a component of this professional ethics, to lay the foundations of an enriching professional practice for both genders, that is, to practice ethics through of gender equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/context: Gender mainstreaming policies have been adopted by local governments to advance gender equality as well as women's rights. Existing research addresses several dimensions of this policy. However, a crucial dimension is its governance structure. In this article, we address the governance of gender mainstreaming policies under the governments of the Frente Amplio in Montevideo (Uruguay) and the Socialist Party in Rosario (Argentina), two left-wing parties with gender agendas. Methodology: The research is based on an analysis of policy trajectories over a decade and a half of implementation, comparing Montevideo and Rosario. By focusing on the governance structures of these policies, the paper examines legal, institutional and participatory instruments. The two cases are selected for their support to gender policies uninterruptedly for three decades, as well as for their recognition as successful experiences in Latin America. Conclusions: A significant contrast is identified between the two local administrations, despite their similarities. In general terms, the governance of gender mainstreaming in Montevideo tended to be broader and more democratic, while in Rosario it was partial and with a reduced multi-stakeholder participation. The explanations of these differences are linked to the characteristics of the local processes of decentralization and management reforms promoted by both governments. Originality: The originality of the article is given by an explanatory framework drawing upon broader discussions of the social sciences regarding decentralization and policy management, and extending it to account for the different governance structures of gender mainstreaming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores a form of digital communication among young people that arises with the cheapening of digital technologies and the emergence of the Internet: sexting. Based on a qualitative methodology and a gender theoretical approach, it explores the forms of experience and significance of this practice in young people aged 15 to 19, from two Mexican cities. It is concluded that sexting should be understood as a collective practice, not individual, inserted in a framework of gender relations and, therefore, of power. It seeks to contribute to the understanding of a new and hardly studied communicative phenomenon in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an analysis of the working conditions and the working/post-work environment of workers in commercial shops in La Araucanía is developed. The focus of this study was identifying gender inequalities in these two dimensions of retail that is increasingly taking center as economic sector in Chilean society. On the basis of a quantitative methodology, workers from five retail companies in the region were contacted (n=205), who answered a survey consisting of six sections. Among the main results --which were analyzed as particular variables-- it is relevant to mention that there was a high level of precariousness regarding to working conditions; gender differences in health services; double feminized working hours; dissatisfaction related to routinely work in the company and gender wage gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the political and intellectual trajectory of Alicia Eguren and its incidence in the orbit of the Peronist left. First, we analyze the steps taken by this referent for the channels of the Peronist Resistance. Subsequently, the incidence of the Cuban experience in its political projections is examined. Finally, her options for militants are explored since the death of John William Cooke, in September 1968, until the end of the proscription of Peronism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to elaborate on the practical implications of an understanding of human dignity both as an element intrinsic to the concept of person and as a foundation of human rights. These implications are projected on decisions pertaining to the refusal of medical treatment and surrogacy agreements in order to assess their alignment with or contradiction of the proposed notion of human dignity. Firstly, a definition is provided on the basis of international legal instruments on human rights as well as European and Argentine bills of rights. This is followed by a historical review of a classic philosophy approach to the fundamentals of human rights and human dignity. From the conclusions drawn, cases of refusal of medical treatment and self-determination over one's own body under conscientious objection and both altruistic and commercial surrogacy agreements are addressed. The former seems coherent with a founding sense of dignity; the latter is understood as contrary to the affirmation of dignity. Surrogate maternity practices are envisioned as a gender stereotype that reduces the woman and child to objects of third parties' rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender and women's studies have become more visible in recent years. A tangible advance not only in academic terms, but also at a social and educational level. Although these issues have gained notoriety in our country, we note that this does not affect the same intensity in the educational field. At secondary level, these issues enter preferably from the hand of the Comprehensive Sexual Education Law (Law No. 26,150) although this does not happen systematically. We ask ourselves then about the History that is taught not only in high school, but also at University. Within this framework, we promptly inquire into the entry of these issues within the History Teachers Program at the National University of La Plata. In sum, this is a paper that tries to question which historical subjects regain voice in the teaching of university History and at the same time it presents the curriculum as a cultural, historical and gendered device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]