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Introduction: The paper "Moluscos de la Isla del Coco" (Mollusks of Cocos Island) published in the Revista del Colegio Superior de Señoritas (1935) is the translation to Spanish of one of the last works of Paul Biolley Matthey (1862-1908), Swiss naturalist that lived in Costa Rica. This article was one product of a malacological research carried out during a scientific expedition organized by the 'Instituto Físico- Geográfico Nacional de Costa Rica' (IFGN) in 1902 to Cocos Island, at a time when the country claimed its sovereignty both in this territory. Objective: To analyze the contributions of the article "Moluscos de la Isla del Coco" from the Social History of Science approach. Methods: Most of the researches that have applied this approach in Costa Rica analyze processes of institutionalization of scientific disciplines. The methodology used in these works was very useful for the analysis of the Biolley article, together with the information of historical data provided by other texts about Cocos Island and the development of scientific research in Costa Rica from a temporal perspective. In addition, tables were made to synthesize the classification of the species and genera studied by Biolley in Cocos Island to identify their provenance and the habitat in which they lived. Results: This study of Biolley constitutes a text of interest from the point of view of the Social History of Science, due to the descriptions it offers of the physical conditions of the territory of Cocos Island, of the different species of mollusks located in them and to the exchange of information with national and foreign scientists that show the participation of Biolley in scientific networks. Conclusions: The analysis of the information with the Social History of Science approach, concludes that the compilation of the flora and fauna permits a greater knowledge of the natural resources of the explored territories, in order to colonize them and integrate them into the economic dynamics of the Central Valley of Costa Rica. However, attempts colonize Cocos Island failed given the distance between this and the continent, in addition to the topographic conditions that prevent the permanent establishment of human populations and their productive activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is part of a broader sociological investigation and on this research what is intended is to studies the narration of television advertising; which is produced to persuade the poor informal and impoverished working classes to consume through informal credit in Costa Rica. Particularly, this academic-scientific paper analyzes advertising, which is conceived as cultural artifacts produced by the advertising industry, then these were the object of a critical political analysis of the image. One of the most important conclusions that the study yielded was the understanding that advertising, as a powerful social fact, operates in a cultural-symbolic key and as an ideological suture in the face of a social, economic and culturally unequal daily life. In addition to advertising as an artifact, a cultural instrumentalized certain mythical elements of the Costa Rican idiosyncrasy to reproduce the capitalist cultural system and also reproduce and update certain parts of the country's nationalist myth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social networks have become essential means of communication and have modified the concept of political communication. Social media have nowadays an increasingly important impact on election campaigns worldwide, and, therefore, the latest election processes within the Latin-American context are ideal environments for this analysis, due to both the volatility and the richness of the political-electoral competition, and their capacity to influence the exchange of political information through the different emotions of the audiences. This paper presents a systematized study of the communication that took place in social media during the first round of the 2022 Costa Rican electoral process (February 6th). The information has been collected from the data available at the Digital Media Communication Observatory of the Universidad Latina de Costa Rica, using the social listening tools Minerva Data, Kantar IBOPE Media's Adspend and Mention, with the objective of revealing the digital conversation trends in this campaign, an unprecedented electoral process with 25 presidential candidates. The reports from the Digital Communication Observatory show the evolution of the electorate's behavior in terms of interaction, sentiment, topics and voting intention, during the first round of the 2022 electoral process, as well as the general dynamics perceived in the social media and public web environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The electoral volatility that has characterized the last electoral processes of the country has intensified with the ballots phenomenon. The instability in party support has been clearly concentrated in rural areas of the country. Objective: This article aims to present some findings regarding the reasons that explain the electoral volatility in the rural areas of the country based on the case study of the Cariari district, Pococí canton in the Limón province in the presidential elections of 2014 and 2018. Method: The paper presents territory as a geographical, political and explanatory concept that allows the understanding of the conditions that derived the electoral results of 2014 and 2018 elections in Cariari district. A mixed methodology has been used which complemented the quantitative and qualitative approaches. Results: The results show that the electoral volatility phenomenon in Costa Rica does not follow a random pattern instead, it has been located in rural areas. The study case allowed to observe how dissatisfaction and apathy with politics are both, the basis of support for parties with different ideological positions from 2014 to 2018. Conclusion: The perception of the abandonment of rural areas and the wish for political change is identified as the basis for the instability of party support. Also, a scenario is identified that facilitated the capitalization of support from the Partido Restauración Nacional due to a complex territorial dynamic in which religious groups play a main role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile technologies are part of children's everyday lives. However, little is known about their context of use in Latin America. The goal of this paper is to describe how Costa Rican caregivers and their children between the ages of 1 and 5 years old use smartphones and tablets. A mixed-methods approach was used, including two studies. Study 1 used non-participant observations to analyze family interactions related to smartphone use in food court areas in shopping malls. A total of 22 children were observed while interacting with their caregivers and their use of smartphones was registered (N = 269 events) and classified according to (a) the person who used the smartphone and (b) the actions that took place during its use. Results indicated smartphones were mostly used by caregivers (n = 226, 84.01 %), followed by a co-use to take pictures or make videos (n = 27, 10.03 %). Children's use was infrequent (n = 16, 5.94 %). During caregivers' use, children usually engaged in activities that did not involve their caretaker, such as silently eating, interacting with another adult not using a smartphone at the moment or looking around. When children attempted to interact with their caregivers while they were using their smartphones, caregivers rarely responded. No disruptive behaviors on children were observed after caregivers' lack of response. Using a survey methodology, Study 2 explored children's and caregivers' use of mobile devices at home. A total of 42.9 % of caregivers reported they sometimes facilitate a device to their children to be able to accomplish other domestic and work-related tasks, as well as to satisfy personal needs. Daily duration of caregivers' use of devices was longer on weekdays (M = 207 minutes, SD = 116.02) than weekends (M = 164.25 minutes, SD = 118.54). Caregivers' daily duration of use was related to children's daily duration of use during weekdays (r = .414) and weekends (r = .451), and during caregiving time on weekdays (r = .328) and weekends (r = .541). Using a Likert scale (1 = never, 5 = always), the children's consumed content was explored. Findings indicate that children mostly consumed content from YouTube (M = 3.60, SD = 1.14) and children's educational apps (M = 3.13, SD = 1.5). Use of educational videogames (M = 3.27, SD = 1.34), puzzle-like videogames (M = 2.36, SD = 1.26) and word games (M = 2.23, SD = 1.14) was more frequent than action (M= 1.48, SD = 1.02) and sports videogames (M= 1.55, SD = 0.93). Educational televised programs (M = 3.58, SD = 1.10) and musical cartoons (M = 3.27, SD = 1.11) were frequently consumed by children. A total of 47.2 % of caregivers also indicated that they always accompany their children while they use devices at home. Caregivers reported a higher use of technological restrictive mediation (M = 4.14, SD = 1.14) and supervision (M = 4.1, SD = 1.11), followed by instructive (M = 3.93, SD = 1.19) and co-use mediation (M= 3.62, SD = 1.14). On a scale of 1 (very negative) to 5 (very positive), caregivers indicated that physical activity (M = 1.72, SD = 1.07) and sleep (M = 2.09, SD = .96) were most negatively affected by children's device use, whereas mathematical (M = 3.36, SD = 1.04) and linguistic skills (M = 3.44, SD = 1.13) were the most positively affected. This study's results provide a preliminary understanding of the context of use of mobile technology during caregiving of young children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This article derives from research on psychosocial risk factors associated with women's work in cooperatives in the Costa Rican Western Region. It should be noted that cooperativism in this area is of long standing and has a marked male tradition. Objective: Therefore, this paper analyzes some elements related to work and gender in six cooperatives with female managers in the western region of Costa Rica. Method: The methodology of the study is qualitative with the application of semi-structured interviews that inquire about the experience of women managers in cooperatives. The information is examined using Critical Discourse Analysis. The types of cooperatives involved, although diverse, have in common that, until before the current management structure, leadership and administration were in the hands of men. The chronological framework of the investigation was developed between August 2019 and March 2020. Results: Among the main findings, the reasons why they were selected as managers in times of crisis stand out, in addition to the different types of violence involved in leading sectors with masculinized structures. It is also relevant that the participants have generated strategies of resistance to such violence, through which they try to transform the working conditions of women in this sector. Conclusions: It can be concluded, based on the scarce research on the cooperative sector with a gender perspective in the region, that it is urgent to learn more about the reality of women cooperative workers in the region, who are making enormous efforts to improve their working conditions and the cooperative model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este trabajo persigue dos objetivos. En primer lugar, estudiar el efecto potencial de la percepción del clima escolar por parte de los profesores y de las variables motivacionales de estos relacionadas con los estudiantes en la satisfacción de los profesores con la escuela y el clima motivacional del aula (CMC). En segundo lugar, validar una batería de cuestionarios para evaluar las diferentes variables motivacionales de los docentes relacionadas con los estudiantes: conocimiento motivacional, enfoque de los docentes en las calificaciones y necesidades emocionales de los estudiantes y expectativas. En total, 441 profesores y 5,380 estudiantes de España y Costa Rica participaron en el estudio. Los análisis factoriales confirmatorios mostraron la adecuación de la estructura de cada cuestionario. Además, los resultados de los análisis de correlación y regresión mostraron, en primer lugar, que la percepción del clima escolar, junto con las expectativas de los profesores, son los principales factores que pueden influir en la satisfacción de los profesores con la escuela. En segundo lugar, que el CMC no depende de la satisfacción de los profesores, sino solo de dos componentes del clima escolar, el apoyo mutuo de los profesores y las actitudes de los estudiantes, y de las expectativas de autoeficacia. En ambos análisis de regresión, satisfacción y CMC, se encontraron diferencias transculturales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Environmental compensation is the final alternative to face the impacts of development projects that cannot be avoided, reduced, or mitigated. The offset of affected habitats or environmental elements usually substitutes ecologically equivalent resources. The Habitat-Hectare Method was initially designed to assess the ecological equivalence of native vegetation, and employs indicator scores relative to a reference habitat. The sum of these scores measures the structural condition of the environment against the reference, quantifying the number of hectares needed to compensate for the loss of similar habitat. Although it is not exempt from limitations, the values can be estimated from field data collected without ambiguity, in a reproducible way, with less bias than more qualitative methods. In this paper, we use a modification of the Habitat-Hectare Method to determine the equivalent area needed to compensate for habitat loss in a protected wilderness in Costa Rica. Methods: We worked in the Lomas de Barbudal Biological Reserve, north Pacific of Costa Rica, a protected wilderness where nearly 113 hectares will be flooded for the Río Piedras Reservoir. In a property previously identified as a potential compensation site, we assessed indicators for landscape, soil, vegetation structure, and ecosystem services; the scores were assigned in relation to the environment found at the flood site. Results: The environmental condition score at the compensation site was 44.7% (±15.9%) of the impact site. Consequently, considering the uncertainty in our measurements, compensating for the loss of each hectare would require between 2.23 and 3.49 hectares of a similar environment. Conclusion: Between 2.23 and 3.49 hectares of are needed to compensate for the loss of habitat in the Río Piedras Reservoir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Environmental compensation is a technical-legal instrument of environmental management used to offset damage due to non-reversible and unavoidable impacts. Usually, offset regulations are included in national environmental legislations. This paper summarizes environmental compensation legislation in Costa Rica, a country with a recognized conservation tradition and environmental awareness. Our goal is to describe how compensation is formulated in that country and identify possible regulations gaps. Methods: We carried out a systematic review of environmental legislation through the Costa Rican Legal Information System (http://www.pgrweb.go.cr/scij/avanzada_pgr.aspx), considering both regulations and pronouncements on compensation measures and mitigation. Results: The Political Constitution of Costa Rica recognizes a healthy environment as a fundamental right for all citizens. At least seven laws dealing with environmental issues and their respective regulations are currently enforced. This bulky legislation aims to protect natural resources by regulating their use and creating an assemblage of protected wild areas. However, the legislation is somewhat repetitive and open to interpretation, facilitating confusion. Actions requiring compensation are regulated in a general way, making it difficult to establish when and how to apply them. In addition, compensation is considered based on when the damage is identified and not on its level of environmental impact. Furthermore, the regulations do not make explicit the principles and goals that support the compensatory measures or how they should be carried out, briefly mentioning some actions that do not ensure that the net environmental loss is zero. Conclusions: This review reveals the need to standardize the mechanisms to determine compensatory measures at the regulatory level, also analyzing the strategies that will be followed to ensure proportionality and ecological equivalence. The legislation must emphasize the importance of compensation as a positive practice, which must be incorporated within the guidelines of the Environmental Impact Study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an analysis of political communication in the relations between candidates, citizens, and the Public Administration, to determine the factors that foresee management changes and to establish a frame of reference in the examination of public communications through three dimensions: depth, incidence, and limits, which are studied in a given time and their interaction is called the Alpízar-Mora Effect. This effect arises from the analysis of the technical gaps in the political discourse --identified during the electoral process in Costa Rica for the presidential period 2018-2022 through qualitative research-- and it contributes to the discussion and evaluation of political communication. As a result, the authors propose factors, variables, and questions to analyze in three dimensions the coherence between the political discourse and the strategic planning of the Government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Music scenes were the most influential expressions in Costa Rican popular culture at the end of the twentieth century. These cultural formations were facilitated by the public relevance of the youths, and the growth of cultural consumption and urban areas. Also, they were leaded by the rock and metal music; therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the articulation and evolution of the metal urban scene of Costa Rica between the years 1980-1992. For that, this investigation will provide evidence of how the metal music separate himself from the rock music and set his own musical dynamic, although that generated public awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a contextualization of the history of ska music in Costa Rica, which has a narrow link with the "third wave of ska" at a worldwide level and the development of other music genres in the decade of the 90's in the country. During this period the participation of groups with young people from the neighborhoods from the south of San José Downtown and other parts from the Great Metropolitan Area it's a big highlight. In a sense of discussion, the researchers show a series of annotations that try to find guidance to study of ska music in the country, from its historical context to its importance at a social level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will present the methodological experience developed at the National University of Costa Rica, with the purpose of contributing to the recovery of part of the historical memory of western Panama, specifically about the guaymi indigenous population in the period from 1880 to 1925. As it will be presented throughout these pages, the reconstruction of facts, subjects, ideas and processes has been conducted through a polyphony of voices, visions and sources that allowed us to approach this forgotten and blurred sector in the national history of Panama, but also of Costa Rica. This period of research is of great importance, as it proposed the foundations for the relationship that these sectors of the population will have with the Panamanian State and, later, with the Costa Rican State throughout the twentieth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper exposes part of the data developed in the chapter related to sociodemographic context, in the doctoral "The coloniality of being in the performative practices of migrant women, workers, and heads of household for the support of the lives of their own families. A research in San Jose, Costa Rica. This article shows data from the sociodemographic context chapter of the doctoral thesis entitled,". The analysis focuses on the conditions of the social organization of care in Costa Rica, and explains the crisis generated by the lack of social co-responsibility on carework in the country. Situation that generates tensions within households, and has a direct effect mainly in women, and particular in migrant Nicaraguan female heads of household. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a review of the last two National Development Plans, implemented by the Central Government of Costa Rica. We study the political and institutional evolution of Solís Rivera's (2014-2018) and Alvarado Quesada's (2018-2022) administrations. The objective of the research is to analyze the territorial perspective into public policies for rural development design, and their evolution as part of the instruments aimed at promoting the sustainable development of rural territories. Some specific questions are: how these policies gave rise to specific instruments to address the complexity and intersectoriality of rural problems? What are the effects of these policies and instruments on the sustainable development of rural territories in Costa Rica? What are the challenges of a complementary rural development agenda with a territorial approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2019, the Constitutional Court issued two sentences that, in a nutshell, legally make equal marriage in Ecuador or of same-sex persons legally viable. These sentences were sent to the Court through the procedure of consultation of norm, in accordance with article 428 of the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador in order that the maximum constitutional justice court of the country exercise the concrete control of constitutionality, with regarding legal provisions that concern civil marriage and Advisory Opinion 24 of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights of November 24, 2017, requested by the Republic of Costa Rica regarding gender identity, and equality and non-discrimination Same-sex couples. The objective of this paper is to criticize the argumentative construction of the Court in these opinions, by demonstrating that said body arrived at inconsistent conclusions based on incorrect premises. For this purpose, the methodology used is hypothetical-deductive, in the light of the argumentative criticism that has been mentioned. The work is composed of the following lines of analysis: First, the denaturation of the concrete control of constitutionality. Second, the interpretation made to the applicable normative statements. Third, about the legal value of the advisory opinions of the Inter-American Court. Finally, some conclusions that will pay for the academic debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper systematizes and provides an analysis of the political discourses regarding the topics of immigration and immigrants, presented in the government proposals of the national political parties participating during the presidential and legislative elections, in Costa Rica, for the period 2017-2018.The proposal focuses in the discourses, considering them as a continuum between re-active and pro-active discourses facing the immigration phenomenon, situation which evidences the conception of the political parties as fundamental actors in the formulation of public policies that will affect the immigrant population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines two recent decisions of International Courts that have to do with the protection of the environment, on the one hand, the judgment of the International Court of Justice in the Case relating to the compensation for certain activities carried out by Nicaragua in the border area (Costa Rica v. Nicaragua) and, on the other hand, the Advisory Opinion of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights on the environment and human rights. In both cases, we see how the Latin American States are giving impetus to crucial decisions that have to do with the protection of the environment through International Law, giving rise to the first judgment of the International Court of Justice where an economic compensation for damages to the environment is fixed and, in the second case, because a qualitative leap is taken in the interpretation of the inter-American human rights system and the obligations that derive from it regarding the protection of the environment and its new concept of jurisdiction. However, beyond its historical relevance, some of its problems and criticisms received by them will also be analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Along this paper I study two cases of land occupations at the banana enclave zone of Sarapiquí from 1980 to 2009, in order to know the state's role in political processes of agrarian conflict. The analysis of the peasant's narratives -on land occupation, public negotiation, collective action, discursive and organizational dispositions- problematizes the notions of state's "absence" and/or "abandonment", leading to the conclusion that the state can be absent in its institutional forms when it is understood within the welfare ideal, but selectively present when it comes to judicialization, criminalization and repression; also, is shown that state is found where is least looked for: in peasant's organizational practices and daily desire for legal recognition. Structural adjustment promoted state's institutional reduction, however, reduction wasn't absolute, and this study concludes that such withdrawal occurred in redistributive policies, not in the repressive ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews historical and epidemiological aspects of cutaneous leishmaniasis located in Costa Rica, as the clinical variants that have prevailed over time in the country. Declared as a mandatory reportable disease to the Ministry of Health since 1983, leishmaniasis is currently collectively notified and reporting it in recent years has remained among the top ten diseases of mandatory reporting in the country. This anthropozoonosis has held through the years an important role within the public health problems in the continent. The cutaneous form has prevailed over other forms in the territory of the Americas. In Costa Rica not all known clinical forms have been described, dating back from 1999 when the only case of visceral leishmaniasis in this country was published. Today it remains endemic in the country (except Guanacaste). The province of Limon is the one with the highest number of cases being the most affected counties Talamanca, Matina, Guácimo, Limón Centro, followed by Siquirres and Pococí. This paper makes a description of statistical data based on the last outbreak occurred in the Area of Health Guácimo in the province of Limón in the first quarter of 2013. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Governments shape social problems, discourses and the solutions to solve them. In this context, the main goal of this paper is the comparative analysis of childcare policies in the following countries: Chile, Costa Rica, Uruguay, and Mexico. In order to contribute to the debate about childcare in Latin America, in the light of the frame critical analysis, the problem that each policy solves is analyzed and compared, as well as its aims and solutions. The study is based on governmental documents such as plans and programs, as well as on academic and social organizations discourses, and the literature about the topic in the Latin American region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to explain the curriculum modifications in secondary education in Costa Rica. Specifically, it is centered on the review, analysis, and interpretation of the characteristics of the plan of study for basic secondary education in Costa Rica, as well as on the identification of progress and problems. The article first analyzes the tendencies in Latin America for secondary education and the tensions generated in various nations given the social, economic, and educational demands; subsequently, the proposals that Costa Rica has made in this framework, given the need to achieve quality and pertinence. Lastly, it reflects on the reforms of curriculum change in secondary education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objetive of this paper is to identify how the Ashkenazi Jewish community is built in Costa Rica with the intention of creating a chronology of Ashkenazi settlement, social interaction and communal integration, and the relationship between them and Costa Rican society during the Second World War until the creation of the State of Israel (1939-1948). With the purpose of obtaining a thorough kwoledge about the particular circunstanc-es of the Askenazi community and its social environment from: a de-moghaphic and occupational profile, the institutionalization of Judaism and Jewish sociocultural life. Especially to deepen into the social interaction of the Ashkenazi group, with the aim of establishing the links and bonds that are forged by sociability within the Jewish community, and the Costa Rican society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers the results of an analysis of the level of mathematical anxiety, understood to mean a feeling of discomfort experienced when someone is required to take mathematics classes, as displayed in students of secondary education in Costa Rica. The study was performed with a sample of 3,725 students in public secondary education in Costa Rica in 2013. The results show statistically significant differences between the sexes in the level of mathematical anxiety, with female students experiencing moderately higher anxiety levels. Differences in anxiety levels are also determined by the student's educational level, with significant differences found between third-cycle students (7th, 8th and 9th grades) and diversified education students (10th and 11th grades); the latter displayed moderately higher anxiety levels. Nonetheless, the study concludes that despite the differences observed, only 22.4% of students show high or very high levels of mathematical anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the advance of the neoliberal model brings challenges that Public Universities must face. It is necessary to discuss about future scenarios of our society, and the role that Psychology professionals should play. This paper shows the main findings from the interviews to four experience psychologists who have diverse theoretical perspectives about the possible scenarios, challenges and competences that the discipline must address. The findings highlight the potential impact of communication technologies on future society, as well as the discipline's challenges in instructing professionals with social awareness, critical thinking and the skills to develop community intervention modalities. It also evidences the importance of developing the ability to work in interdisciplinary teams which has been neglected in the training programs. Finally, it debates on the role that Public Universities must play in attaining the Costa Rican Psychology that promotes the transformation required by society in order to achieve an adequate approach to mental health and wellness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the species concept within genus Elaphrothrips is discussed, as well as problems of taxonomic criteria related to this group. In addition, the morphological variations and the characteristics of the species groups that occur in the genus, are also discussed. Furthermore, specimens of Elaphrothrips sampled in Costa Rica which belong to the collection of the Senckenberg Museum Frankfurt, Germany, were studied and three new species were found and described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The different socioeconomic, cultural, and socio-territorial conditions of the costarican society show that the experiences of young people are not equal. The objective conditions are different, but so are their subjective constructions. It is important to understand the way the different objective realities influence the subjectivities of young people, and therefore the real capabilities that they actually have. One way to understand this is by reaching in to the way young people think of their future. This paper analyzes the aspirations and expectations about the future of costarican urban youth, related to study, professions and jobs, depending on the level of social inclusion or exclusion in which they develop. The fact that the idea of a “dream" doesn't means the existence of a bond with reality, leads to think that dreams should be infinite for all, and that the only differences between people's dreams should lay on their individual particularities. However, the truth is that in reality this isn't necessarily like that. The social conditions on which people develop, their interactions, and the “habitus" that are built from the different ways of knowing and experimenting the world, influence the subjectivities, to the point of potencialize or limit the future wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a discussion on the connection between the language and ideology of young people, and the possible relationship between these aspects and the stereotypical mentality of the Costa Rican society. Furthermore, the analysis follows a social and historical perspective about the relationship between thought and language, and applies a method of thematic analysis to interpret the lyrics and themes of a selected song form the musical genre called Dancehall. In addition, two main points are presented. In first place, this particular musical language is evidence of the encryption strategy that limits the access to this cultural group to other social groups, and generates some linguistic and cultural changes at a long term. In second place, on the thematic level, this cultural manifestation doesn't differ from other Costa Rican cultural expressions because it perpetuates certain stereotypic world visions. As a result, the study conclusions are part of a working hypothesis for further research about the relationship between language and ideology of youth groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents some developed ideas based on the research entitled “The contribution of Ethic programs, aesthetics and citizenship to improve human rights on adolescence." Mainly, the analysis focuses on the characterization of the ideology behind Costa Rican educational model and its consequences as well as the display of a critical education as a way to achieve peace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]