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At the time when Spanish Crown was consolidating its presence in American lands through the dispatch of its royal officials, in his treaty Sobre justicia distributiva Friar Juan Zapata y Sandoval, who belonged to the Creole elite, supports the idea that men born in the New World should enjoy ecclesiastic benefits and secular trades in their republics by election, since he considers them worthy and with enough merits to be candidates. In this paper my aim is to research his actual position on these matters within the section "Acerca de la distribución de los oficios seculares" in the same treaty, to prove that Zapata could not really sustain his defense in favor of those men born in the New World. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study analyses the creation of the Juzgado de Indias and the problems that arise between the first Official of the new institution, Francisco de Vera, and the Cabildo of La Palma, despite the determination with which the local government defended the establishment of the institution on the island, because it was the monopolistic control of commercial traffic between Canary Islands and America. For this work, we use as primary sources the Acts of the Cabildo de La Palma between 1559 and 1599 and the royal papers included in the Archivo General de Indias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The American storyteller Grace Paley (December 11, 1922-August 22, 2007) has been known for her political activism and her ability to construct powerful voices which recollected female, migrant, and urban collective experiences in post-world war ii America. In her stories, Paley emphasizes the act of storytelling as a tool for creating a collective shared experience out of individual characters, making the personal and domestic collective and political. In this paper, I will analyze the role of Paley's most prominent narrator, Faith Darwin, bridging the gap between the private and public urban spheres in three different and evolutive stories: "A Conversation with My Father" (1972), "The Long-Distance Runner" and "Faith in a Tree" (1974). These stories exemplify how Faith uses different strategies in storytelling with the purpose of achieving personal identity and empowerment through communal identification and the recollection of familiar experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to expose how the ideas of social law circulated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries between Europe and America. To do this, this text shows, with some generalizations for reasons of space, the German, French, Italian, Spanish, American and Latin American case, to make clear how this Atlantic communication of academic ideas and social rules operated. Furthermore, this paper aims to demonstrate that, although there was a global circulation of social ideas in law, it cannot be lost sight of how these ideas were received locally, in such a way that one cannot be studied without the other, an aspect that this article called "glocalization" of social law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Carrera de Indias has been one of the areas of study that has received the most attention in historiography, especially on the relationships between Spain and America throughout the colonial period. The traffic of ships, men and merchandise continues to appeal considerable treatment, since the phenomenon presents enormous research possibilities: nautical, emigration, trade; but it is also true that the economic and human aspect has prevailed, leaving aside other dimensions. And so, among the emigrants settled there and the families that remained here, a large correspondence was maintained throughout the centuries of Modernity. Multiple references were made in these letters to the new life they were beginning in the West Indies. Among these references there was no shortage of those corresponding to life on board. This research paper aims to analyze what were the foods shipped for the journey to America and what recommendations were contained in the letters in this regard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the second half of the 1970s, the American continent has been experiencing exponential growth of neo-pentecostalism as a politicalreligious movement. Therewith, this paper, derived from a research, focuses on a multi-scale analysis of the political-religious discourse within the neopentecostal movement, as a means of understanding the imaginary and geostrategic approach of the neo-pentecostal elites. This, as a contribution of geographic science to the study of neo-pentecostalism in America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a systematization of the contributions of several Latin American authors to the debate on the taxonomy of the forms of cooperation, coordination and integration between disciplines. To this end, we adopt a conceptual reference where the ideas of coexistence, combination and unification between disciplines are included in a continuum of increasing convergence. We consider that the scheme accounts for the European or "classical" tradition of thinking on inter-disciplinarity. On these bases, we develop a classification scheme that is compatible with the "classical" tradition, and with the categories that emerged from the work of the Latin American authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. This paper describes and analyses recommendations to protect and mitigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, on the physical and mental health of children and adolescents. Objective. To analyze recommendations to manage the COVID-19 pandemic of several restoring rights programs for children and adolescents in American protection systems. Methods. A literature review was done, using the form of rapid evidence syntheses, to provide information about social and health policies. Results. The results show that in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a convergence of both the interest in promoting mental health in girls, boys, and adolescents and the interest to prevent COVID infection through the recommended biosecurity measures. Conclusions. Recommendations show the need for reviewing the internment treatment as a main caring program, considering the side effects of institutionalization on children and adolescents mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to analyze cases of possible nominal regular polysemy by metaphor. The analysis of these cases involves a review of the classical definition of regular polysemy proposed by Apresjan and developed primarily for metonymic extensions. From the advanced search in Diccionario del español de América y España (Dictionary of the Spanish of America and Spain) of possible cases of regular polysemy that respond to person and sensation hyperonymes, metaphorical and metonymic extensions are studied and the semantic dimensions in which the senses can diverge are analized. It is hypothesized that for there to be regular polysemy by metaphor, the senses of a group of lexical items must differ in paralell, which implies agreeing on three variables: a) the directionality of the polysemy, b) the non-descriptive meaning and c) the aspect on which similarity is based. It is concluded that there are three classes of regular polysemy by metaphor, although groups that exhibit an intermediate status are also detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to study the features of the military command that was exerted by the kings of Castile in Late Middle Ages with respect to its performance during the campaigns against the Muslims, particularly from the reign of king Alfonso XI to the conquest of Granada by the Catholic Kings. These military traits were strongly associated to the notions of 'the recovery of Spain' (restauratio Hispaniae, 'Reconquista'), Crusade and Chivalry. From its analysis through 14th-15th centuries chronistical texts, we propose the hypothesis that this medieval model of monarchical military leadership, linked to the aforementioned ideological framework, could have been reflected in the narrative of the 'Crónicas de Indias' and concurrently have been assumed by the Spanish captains of the Conquest of America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes that the colonial discourse by Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo, the Official Chronicler of Indies in the first half of the 16th century, takes in contact with certain pre-Columbian indigenous expressions of the Caribbean and Central America. In particular, we focus on the representations that the chronicler creates about the areíto, or Indian feast, the most indescribable and incomprehensible manifestation among their practices. I propose that, in presence of the areitos, Oviedo's colonial discourse becomes brittle and contradictory, plurivalent. Thus, to approach the symbolic level of the Historia General j Hatural de las Indias, I utilize a literary-critical perspective together with the help of the study of some information provided by ethnography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In general, the probanzas de méritos y servicios have been used to reconstruct the history of the New World Conquest from the viewpoint of Spaniards. However, many Indians quickly familiarized with this legal tool and employed it in order to defend their own interests in the colonial system. This paper aims to examine the use that Mayas, Chontales or Mexicans made of the probanzas in sixteenth-century Yucatán. I will try to highlight how the strategies they implemented in order to present their merits and deeds not only depended on the objectives they followed and on their familiarity with the colonial legal culture, but also on their knowledge of the agents and interests at stake in the peninsula. Therefore, I will claim the intrinsic political value of the probanzas, being their authors either Indians or Spaniards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]