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There are some parameters of economic analysis in specialized papers that barely have incorporated the importance of the economic activity expansion over the geographical scale, no matter in medium, largest or metropolitan cities. We present evidence and hypothesis on the urban nature of economic expansion that might be able to combine the use of concentric and polycentric structure in a city with a population over 300 thousands people. The paper is developed in two main aspects of economic expansion: 1) the nature of the employment that consolidates and structures the labor market; and 2) the organization of intraurban space that is stimulated by those activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contrasts public policies to enforce the payment of water services provided by two water utilities at the US-Mexico border. Our study shows that different payment enforcement strategies are shaped by the institutional context of each city. More importantly, these findings suggest that a high rate of nonpayment is associated with inadequate institutional arrangements that involve utilities, local politicians, and water users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]