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The dynamics of changes ocurring in the global scenario as a result of the boiling phenomena of the fourth industrial revolution, accompanied by globalization in version 4.0, accelerate the transformations in the markets, giving rise to emerging business initiatives (startups), loaded with disruptive digital technologies that arise to offer new products, services and processes to customers that have modified habits and consumption preferences in both natural and legal persons due to the adaptation and evolution of virtual ecosystems in the business and industrial field. The objective of this theoretical review article is to analyze the success and failure factors that achieve scalability of start-ups in Latin America. The methodology used was qualitative, a documentary research of a descriptive level, using the inductive, deductive and analysis-synthesis methods. The findings showed that among the success factors, which can be mentioned: value proposition, market and its needs, motivation, start-ups, a vehicle for digital transformation, open innovation, entrepreneurial team and leadership training, timing, localization, financing, growth, scalability and expansion. While those of failure are: education, training, financial support government policies, transfer of Research and Development (R+D), inadequate testing and scaling before of time. For these businesses to avoid failing in the attempt, they must focus on training to achieve new knowledge that emerges from smart industry and globalization 4.0, consumer demands, feasible technologies for the design of the product, service or process; as well as study the environment where they operate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]