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Introducción: A pesar de los avances en las iniciativas mundiales para abordar la epidemia, el SIDA continúa desafiando nuestros esfuerzos. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo, de las personas VIH/sida del municipio Arroyo Naranjo, desde el 1ro de enero de 1988 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2008. Resultados: Se evidenció un incremento en las tasas de incidencia de VIH y de caso SIDA por año. El mayor número de casos es del sexo masculino. El grupo de edad más afectado es 25 a 29 años y existe un elevado porciento de desocupados. El debut clínico se presentó en grupos etarios mayores con incremento progresivo por quinquenios. El síndrome de desgaste fue la enfermedad marcadora de SIDA más frecuente. La tasa de mortalidad mostró tendencia descendente. Conclusiones: La población VIH/sida del municipio Arroyo Naranjo mantiene tasas de incidencia por año ascendentes; predomina en el sexo masculino y edades jóvenes, siendo el debut tardío más frecuente en edades mayores y el síndrome de desgaste la entidad marcadora de SIDA más frecuente.In spite of the advances in the world initiatives to approach the epidemic, the AIDS continues challenging our efforts. Material and method: A retrospective and descriptive study on HIV/aids population was carried out in Arroyo Naranjo municipality from 1988 to December 2008. Results: Increases in the rates of incidence per year in relation to HIV and aids case were evidenced. The biggest number of cases are men. The most affected age group was from 25 to 29 years and there is a high percent of unoccupied people. The clinical premiere showed up in groups older with progressive increment for five year period. The wasting syndrome was the most frequent indicative illnesses of aids. The rate of mortality showed descending tendency. Conclusions: The HIV/aids population of Arroyo Naranjo municipality maintains rates of incidence for year upward; It prevails in the men and in young ages, the premiere later is most frequent in bigger ages and the wasting syndrome is frequent indicative illnesses of AIDS.

A linfadenopatia no lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) é um achado benigno encontrado comumente em jovens, com atividade cutânea e sintomas constitucionais, apresentando boa resposta à corticoterapia. O achado mais frequente à biópsia é a hiperplasia folicular reacional. Relatamos o caso de um paciente que, desde os 13 anos de idade, apresentava surtos recorrentes de linfadenopatia, acompanhados de hepatoesplenomegalia, febre e emagrecimento. Na evolução, apareceram artrite, hipertensão arterial, proteinúria, miocardiopatia e neuropatia periférica. Foi amplamente investigado sem esclarecimento diagnóstico e submetido a tratamento empírico de tuberculose. Somente após cinco anos de evolução firmou-se o diagnóstico de LES e recebeu tratamento específico. O diagnóstico precoce nestes casos é difícil, pois a investigação laboratorial pode ainda não demonstrar presença de autoanticorpos ou hipocomplementemia.Lymphadenopathy is a benign finding in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), commonly seen in young patients with cutaneous involvement and constitutional symptoms, with good response to corticosteroids. Reactive follicular hyperplasia is the most frequent finding in biopsies. We report the case of a patient with recurrent episodes of lymphadenopathy associated with hepatosplenomegaly, fever, and weight loss since the age of 13 years. The patient also developed arthritis, hypertension, proteinuria, cardiomyopathy, and peripheral neuropathy. His condition was investigated extensively without diagnostic clarification; he was treated, empirically, for tuberculosis. The patient received a diagnosis of SLE only five years after the original presentation and received the specific treatment. Early diagnosis in those cases is difficult because laboratorial exams may not show the presence of auto-antibodies and low complement levels.