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Disciplinary measures and, more broadly, the pursuit of upholding the quality of professional performance are not new but have a long history. Although the disciplinary processes, disciplinary law and the disciplinary measures imposed in the past were, in principle, intended to ensure a certain degree of decency (cf. the honour of the rank), the centre of attention seems to have now shifted to ensuring a high degree of professional expertise, including non-ethical regulation and enforcement. This contribution addresses the evolution and development of the way one attempted to guarantee the professional standards of medical practitioners, lawyers and notaries in legal history. Disciplinary law is one of the roads pursued for this purpose. In discussing these professions, their origins, their (legal) development throughout history (with an emphasis on the Modern Age) and the current state of affairs will be dealt with. Some comparative remarks then follow concerning the differences and similarities in the way these professionals sought to monitor the quality of their professional performance.

In this article, the author shows how a cultural model of consultation and community thinking –the dutch “polder model”– together with specialization and separation of tasks can lead to fragmentation and paradoxes in mental health care that –in turn– result in dilemmas and costly negotiations between mental patients and therapists. The author discusses the development of the model in psychiatry since 1970 and shows by ethnographic data how therapists and patients are engaged in a struggle in which metaphors, counter transference and patients’ resistance and how they transform the “polder model” into a compromise and double therapeutic perspectives. The author argues that the democratic model only works by unequal power relationships, fragmentation of therapeutic work and ambiguity and results in a pragmatic attitude that denies the ontological status of the patients.

A survey, defined as a succession of stages ranging from acquisition to representation, has historically an ambition of analysis, understanding, and knowledge representation of architectural artefacts. However, there is a paradox. While for many years this discipline has seen a development in digitization methods and techniques, the purpose of the survey seems to mainly focus on the metric representations of building, and on the production of beautiful (or figurative) images. Acquisitions by lasergrammetry or photogrammetry bring in a quantity of data that are qualified as massive, but appears to be too often underlooked. The present paper attempts to consider work acquisition beyond the ambition of the acquisition of measurements, which investigates new methodological approaches for the characterization of architectural shapes according to different scales of observation. To understand whether the data resulting from the acquisition work can assist "beyond the visible" in the study and analysis of built heritage, this paper addresses three methodological avenues, which relates to the morphological / semantic characterization of architectural objects according to different nature and scale, to consider new methods of analysis by using further massive data.DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.26.2021.3