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This study investigates the effects of digital financial inclusion on partial agricultural productivity for a panel of 18 Sub-Saharan African countries selected for the 2015-2020 period. To this end, secondary data were estimated using the generalized method of moments in dynamic panel. The results show that digital financial inclusion (measured by access and use of mobile money financial services) contributes significantly to the growth of partial agricultural productivity. These findings suggest that agricultural transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa can be stimulated by promoting digital financial services according to the needs of local farmers.

China has woken up and the world is shaking to its rhythm. China's dazzling entry into the restricted circle of countries that are shaking the world is accompanied by a revitalisation of Sino-African relations. These relations are making headlines and sparking passionate debate. People are asking questions about the nature, the games, the stakes, the threats and the opportunities of this cooperation. In an approach that is at once explanatory, descriptive, comparative and analytical, this article draws on oral sources, written sources, digital sources and iconographic sources to demonstrate that Sino-African cooperation create fears, glimmers of light and lures, while positioning Chinese power as an opportunity that sub-Saharan Africa must capitalise on for its development, emancipation and international affirmation.

Abstract Glossina species are known to transmit African Trypanosomiasis, one of the most important infectious diseases for both livestock and humans in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize trapped Glossina spp. from The Gambia using morphological and molecular techniques in relation to the vegetation cover types. A line transect survey was carried out in all the administrative regions of The Gambia. Tsetse fly trapping was carried out for 14 days during each season using line transect. A total of 220 Glossina spp. specimens (117 F and 103 M) were captured, and DNA was extracted from the legs of 100 randomly selected Glossina spp. Further, DNA samples were tested by a conventional PCR assay. A total of 135/220 (61%; 95% CI: 54.6-67.8%) and 85/220 (39%; 95% CI: 32.2-45.4%) flies were identified as Glossina morsitans submorsitans and Glossina palpalis gambiensis, respectively, with most caught during wet season (53.6%) and more females (53.2%) than males. Results of the morphological identification agreed with those of molecular identification. The type of vegetation cover significantly influenced the caught of tsetse flies. Animals and humans at the various trapping sites are at risk of being bitten by tsetse flies.

Education and teacher education policies are embedded in heterogeneous national contexts, which entail priority setting and trade-offs, and which are influenced by global education agendas, such as the United Nations 2030 Agenda. This article seeks to contribute to the understanding of how global education agendas interact in the context of sub-Saharan Africa, using qualitative methodology. In the last decade, satisfaction with education provision and quality of education has declined, but a positive appreciation of the alignment of education with the labour market and teacher training persists, reflecting the incorporation of global agendas into national policies, albeit with a need for further analysis of the achievement of global education goals.

This contribution aims to show the need to integrate postcolonial criticism in education for sustainable development (ESD) in the countries of sub-Saharan Africa. The reflection proposed here intends to show that the education for sustainable development currently carried out in sub-Saharan Africa leads to a westernization of mentalities. It is an ESD that is not rooted in Black African civilization. It is based on training curricula, didactic transmission experiences and pedagogical practices that are Western. It is an ESD that disseminates and reproduces Western thinking on environment and development. The author proposes a postcolonial transition of ESD that involves teaching endogenous knowledge and Black African thought.

This study investigates whether export destination matters for economic growth. This important question is answered by utilising annual time series data spanning the period 1996–2018 on Ghana. Two main export destinations for Ghana – sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and Europe and Central Asia (ECA) regions are selected for the analysis. The results from the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model show that, export destinations really matter for economic growth. Specifically, exports to the SSA region is not growth enhancing in the long-run, but exports to the ECA region is growth enhancing in both the short- and long-run. Based on the findings, we provide policy suggestions, which seek to improve economic growth through exports for consideration.

Abstract Tracing the pathways of cooperation in health in sub-Saharan Africa from hesitant exchanges to institutionalized dimensions from the 1920s to the early 1960s, this article addresses regional dynamics in health diplomacy which have so far been under-researched. The evolution thereof from early beginnings with the League of Nations Health Organization to the Commission for Technical Assistance South of the Sahara and the World Health Organization’s Regional Office for Africa, shows how bilateral dimensions were superseded by WHO’s multilateral model of regional cooperation in health. Alignments, divergences, and outcomes are explored with respect to the strategies and policies pursued by colonial powers and independent African states regarding inter-regional relations, and their implications for public health and epidemiological interventions.

This book review highlights the main themes of the Handbook of Quality of Life in African Societies (as edited by Prof Irma Eloff from the University of Pretoria), focusing on meaning and language, culture (and positive culture), and social responsibility. The interrelatedness of all five parts of the book (from a macro, meso and micro perspective) are discussed with specific mention of Ubuntu and its relevance in investigating the phenomenon of quality-of-life. The review emphasises the need for exploratory and indigenous research in communities where social association is of immense importance and to contextualise quality-of-life from this perspective. This book is recommended for scholars who wishes to utilise indigenous methodologies and to deeper understand the diverse influences and social impact on the quality-of-life of individuals south of the Sub-Saharan Africa.

Purpose: A major thread in accounting literature, which has remained a contentious issue, is how accounting alchemy can be modeled. The paper builds on existing accrual models in proposing an accounting alchemy model and tests if it is still the right medicine for earnings and book value of firms. The accounting alchemy model was based on mechanisms of earnings, book value, earnings before extraordinary items, net profit after tax, cash flow from operations, revenue, and total assets. We modified accrual models on the view that accrual models suggest that incomes/expenses are the most manipulated; contrarily, accounting alchemy proposes that assets are alchemized. Originality/value: This paper proposes a new empirical model of accounting alchemy and practically assesses the validity of the model in Sub-Saharan Africa, where there are no studies. The proposed accounting alchemy model can be used in Asia, Europe, and other parts of the world to see if the study results can be replicated. Design/methodology/approach: Ex post facto design was used, and secondary data were obtained for selected quoted firms in Sub-Saharan Africa comprising Nigeria, South Africa, and Kenya from 2012 to 2016. A sample of 64 firms was selected in the consumer and industrial goods subsector, and data were analyzed via descriptive (mean, standard deviation, correlation) and inferential (regression, fixed, and random effects) statistics. Findings: Findings indicated that earnings and book value are significantly affected by accounting alchemy. This implies that accounting alchemy is not the right medicine for firm’s earnings and book value. The result has practical application for researchers and the regulatory framework of accounting. / Objetivo: Uma grande linha da literatura contábil que se mantém como uma questão polêmica refere-se ao fato de a alquimia contábil poder ser modelada. O artigo constrói modelos de provisão (accrual) existentes ao propor um modelo de alquimia contábil e testar se ainda é o remédio correto para os ganhos e o valor contábil das firmas. O modelo de alquimia contábil foi baseado em mecanismos de ganhos, valor contábil, ganhos antes de itens extraordinários, lucro líquido depois das taxas, fluxo de caixa das operações, receita e total de ativos. Modificamos os modelos de acumulados com a visão de que modelos de acúmulo sugerem que renda/despesas são os mais manipulados; ao contrário, a alquimia contábil propõe que os ativos sejam alquimizados. Originalidade/valor: Este trabalho propõe um novo modelo empírico de alquimia contábil e praticamente avalia a validade do modelo na África subsaariana onde não existem estudos. O modelo proposto de alquimia contábil pode ser usado na Ásia, Europa e em outras partes do mundo para ver se os resultados do estudo podem ser repetidos. Design/metodologia/abordagem: Utilizaram-se o modelo ex post facto (a partir do fato passado) e os dados secundários obtidos por firmas selecionadas citadas na África subsaariana, incluindo Nigéria, África do Sul e Quênia, entre 2012 e 2016. Selecionaram-se amostras de 64 firmas dos setores de bens de consumo e industriais, e os dados foram anali­sados por meio de estatísticas descritivas (média, desvio padrão e correlação) e inferenciais (regressão, efeitos fixos e aleatórios). Resultados: Os resultados indicaram que os ganhos e o valor contábil são significativamente afetados pela alquimia contábil. Isso implica que a alquimia contábil não é o remédio correto para os ganhos e o valor contábil da firma. O resultado tem aplicação prática para pesquisadores e estrutura regulatória de contabilidade.

A large number of adults in Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa and Tanzania would like to leave their home countries, according to a series of national surveys conducted by the Pew Research Center in 2017. Many of those surveyed said they hope to move within the next five years, with their preferred destinations Europe and the United States. The factors possibly driving this desire are: demographics, the economy, political instability, conditions and expectations in their countries, conflict and immigration policy worldwide. As a result, Sub-Saharan Africa is poised to emerge as one of the world’s top sources of migrants in the coming decades, though there is no guarantee these potential migrants will manage to leave Africa or even their localities.

Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is a key region for the success of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. However, there is no consensus about the contribution of Official Development Assistance (ODA) in the promotion of economic growth and the reduction of extreme poverty in this region. We build its analytical framework and make the subsequent estimations during the period 1991–2014. We find four main results: i) ODA to SSA has exerted both distorting and stimulating effects on growth but the latter effects were larger than the former; ii) increasing both aid grants and aid loans, and increasing the ratio of loans to grants, may induce higher growth; iii) however, such a reallocation may only be positive in countries with sustainable debt burdens; and iv) although ODA was effective in aggregate terms, it did not significantly boost the income of the poorest citizens, which reveals a grave distributional deficiency.

With the end of the Cold War, international peacebuilding policies were geared to promote a concrete understanding of the peace in post-conflict contexts, most of them in sub-Saharan Africa. This model, called «liberal peace» because it was based on the dominant Western (neo)liberal ideas of representative democracy, market economy and conflict resolution (formal, state-one and nonbased in conflict transformation), has become currently hegemonic. In this article I discuss some of the main critiques that have been made to this model implementation in Sub-Saharan Africa: first, his (neo)colonizer character, directed to protect Western interests; second, the existence of internal contradictions in areas such as democracy and human rights; third, its technical and neutral nature, considered free of political, economic, or gender connotations; fourth, his alleged uniformity and homogeneity; and, fifth, the representation of African countries as contexts which should be «saved» and with no local agency.

In the 2000s, private companies have progressively become a key actor in the global governance of health and a part of the answer to the difficult question of the effectiveness of aid assistance. This article contributes to the debate on the role of the private companies in the local development, from the analysis of their initiatives in the fight against HIV/AIDS in Ivory Coast, supported by a qualitative investigation conducted among thirty private companies. This contribution highlights the ambivalences to consider private companies as public health actor equivalent to others, confronting their effectiveness to their legitimacy, their protection of human rights and equity in access to healthcare.

Introduction: Erysipelas of the leg is a common and serious infection. We carried out this study aiming at describing the epidemiological and clinical characteristics, and assessing the risks factors associated with the local complications of erysipelas of the leg in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: This was a prospective multicentric study carried out in the dermatology units of Hospitals located in seven sub-Saharan African countries during a period of 12 months. Patients aged 15 and above with a first episode of erysipelas of the leg were recruited. Results: In this study, 562 patients were recruited, having a mean age of 43.7±16.9 years and a sex-ratio (M/F) of 0.67. Patients infected on one leg were 562 while those infected with two were 27. Bullous forms of the disease were observed in 95 patients, while purpuric forms were observed in 167 patients. The existence of a point of entry (485 cases), obesity (230), lymph edema (130) and the use of bleaching agents (97) were the mains risk factors. Complications during the course of the infection such as necrotizing fasciitis (34 cases) and abscesses (63 cases) were observed. They were due to the use of antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory treatments, and the use of cataplasm. Conclusion: This study reveals that existence of a point of entry, obesity and lymph edema, and the use of bleaching agents were the mains risk factors influencing the local complications of erysipelas of the leg. Necrotizing fasciitis and abscesses were influenced by the use of antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory treatments, and the use of cataplasm.

Concerns about the academic performance of students from marginalized groups underscore calls for students to be taught by teachers of similar racial, ethnic, or gender identities (e.g., Miller, 2018). In sub-Saharan Africa, projects enlist women teachers as role models for girls in an effort to redress persistent gender disparities in education. However, in casting women teachers as inherent role models to girls, these projects run the risk of reinforcing long-standing portrayals of women in the Global South as a monolithic group with heightened responsibility for development (Chant, 2006; Mohanty, 1988). I identify one policy pilot in Malawi as a window for examining this phenomenon, and I pair discourse analysis and ethnographic analysis to investigate how women teachers are constructed in this policy and how these constructions unravel in practice. Drawing on anthropology of policy, I first trace how female teachers are created as particular types of “policy subjects” (Ball, Maguire, Braun, Hoskins, 2011). Then, I examine how teachers at one school grapple with these narrowly constructed roles. This study’s findings caution against a disproportionate reliance on same-gender teachers for role-modelling, particularly when these teachers also belong to marginalized groups.

Resting on a gender-oriented approach, Zoran Lapov's text aims to retrace the migratory experiences of Sub-Saharan women taking them from their native lands to Europa, with a focus on the Italian case. Starting from the results of the international LeFamSol Project addressing Sub-Saharan migrant women in Italy, Greece and Turkey (2014-15), the present work is split into two parts: the first one, examining Africa-to-Europe migrations with particular attention to Sub-Saharan segments in Italy, is largely interested in push and pull factors underlying the phenomenon of Sub-Saharan female migrations, and in the most recent statistics on the topic; the second part, instead, sheds light on the mechanisms of inclusion, while delving into integration paths and strategies of Sub-Saharan African communities, esp. women, in Italy, and offering a panorama of their community organisation and social mobilisation (associations, networks, groups, etc.), including their specific needs and priorities. While treating the issue in terms of participatory processes in a gender-aware perspective, the paper has the ambition to contribute to the multilevel study and debate leading women, migrations and frontiers to meet.

Morocco's new diplomatic offensive in sub-Saharan Africa: What approach? "Africa must trust Africa": such is the declaration of the King of Morocco Mohammed VI in Abidjan.To join the words to the act, Morocco indeed in recent years due to the South-South cooperation its true workhorse with an intensification of its relations particularly with sub-Saharan Africa, where he made unprecedented economic performance. This oriented sub- Saharan Africa cooperation is also vital for Morocco and its Saharan partners.

This article will question the notion of informal work in order to know how far it can be considered as a concept. Indeed, the International Labour Organization’s definition of the informal work concept has clearly an operational purpose. However, the reality of the working world in Sub-Saharan Africa widely extends beyond such a statistical definition. How can we talk then about a form of work that does not seem to respond strictly to the reference work norms in a strict sense in a market and legal oriented society? How far can a bottom-up definition, starting from micro-activity, apprehends informal work? In this perspective, how can we conceive the relationship between the development and the specific rationalities of informal work?

The Justice and Development Party (AKP) has been central for the contemporary Turkish history due to the its novel domestic identity grounded on the moderate Islamism, and an assertive, autonomous foreign policy, beyond the Western axis. For more than a decade, Turkey developed an active agenda as an emerging middle power, thus opening new spaces and increasing its presence in global political economy forums such as G-20. Until recently, Ankara tried to generate a non-turbulent regional environment to boost its political, economic and cultural relations with the Middle East, the Caucasus and the Balkans. At the same time, Turkey started developing particular strategies for new regions like Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. These spaces were chosen mainly to expand global influence and presence, and pursuit market diversification through the creation of official representations, high-rank visits, and commercial initiatives. This paper attempts to bring some arguments about the sources of Ankara’s diplomatic opening toward these regions in the age of the emerging middle powers, while, at the same time, comparing the similarities and differences of the opening’s process and outcomes in both regional spaces.

The war that broke out in Northern Uganda in 1986 – one of the most forgotten wars of our times – was the result of a long North-South conflict in the country, and has caused the displacement of 2 million people, the deaths of some 100,000 citizens and the kidnapping of 40,000 children by the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) guerrilla. Repeated attempts by civil society (particularly by religious and traditional leaders) to stop the conflict through negotiation has ended, time after time, in failures that have led to new waves of violence, most of them directed against the civil population. In this context, the traditional culture of the Acholi people has played a paramount role, and has backed several reconciliation initiatives. The most successful one was the amnesty law which, since 2002, has succeeded in reincorporating more than 12,000 people from the LRA. However, the use of traditional peace processes, particularly the mato oput, clashes with a reality that is unduly complicated by the thousands of murders that have been committed, sometimes by minors who have been forced to kill. The intervention of the International Criminal Court in The Hague since 2004 has not produced a very favourable response among the Acholi society, which views this court more as an obstacle than as a means to help bring this tragedy to an end. The dilemmas created by conflicts of interest between peace and justice, and the attempts to strengthen the role of traditional leaders to reincorporate combatants returning from war into society are just some of the underlying issues in this conflict which has, furthermore, an international dimension, as it has now affected four African countries.

This article reviews the use of traditional justice in two post-conflicts in the Great Lakes region: those of Rwanda and Burundi. In Rwanda, the government, led by the Rwanda Patriotic Front (FPR), has modernised and shaped for its own interests the gacaca, who are responsible for seeking justice for the victims of the 1994 genocide. In Burundi, the government has yet not deployed all the transitional justice mechanisms as envisaged in the Arusha agreement. The bushingantahe (the rehabilitation of whom is also envisaged in the agreement) have not yet been incorporated into transitional justice.

Recent research has increasingly questioned the link between natural resources and violent conflict while stressing the importance of resource-specific context conditions under which internal conflicts become more likely. This paper engages in a systematic analysis of six of these resource-specific conditions comparing 15 African oil and diamond producing countries. Employing a Boolean logic, the results of our analysis indicate that, typically, a conflict-ridden diamond or oil producer is highly dependent on resources, its revenues are hardly spent on distributional policies and the security apparatus and, moreover, it suffers from intercommunal problems in the producing regions. Little income from resources per capita and substantial production of lootable resources in peripheral regions seem to constitute necessary conditions for civil war. Thus, our findings imply that future theoretical models and empirical strategies should integrate the full set of (resource specific) context conditions. Efforts to raise a more integrative approach combining quantitative and qualitative research designs seem particularly promising.

During 2005, several events took place on the external borders of the European Union that caught the attention of the media and brought management and control of these borders onto the EU political agenda. Having acknowledged that a global approach to migrations is required, the EU has stated the need for its immigration policy to possessa coherent external affairs dimension, and recognises that both the Mediterranean and Africa have become priority regions. In December 2005, and in the Conclusions of the Presidency of the Council of Brussels, the Union acknowledged the growing importance of the phenomenon of migration within its territory, and highlighted the need to find an approach that would signify, at the very minimum, increased dialogue and cooperation with the African nations and with all the countries within the Mediterranean space. To this end,the Euro-African Conference on Migrations and Development, held in Rabat in 2006, was the first and the most visible gesture toward a consolidation of the acknowledgment that the management of migration flows requires the participation of the countries of origin, transitand destination; that is to say, the countries of Europe, North Africa and the sub-Saharan region. The aim of this article is to reflect on the role that Spain has played in the political organisation of the Euro-African migrations scenario.

THE ROLE OF THE INFORMAL SECTOR IN THE URBAN ECONOMY OF THE SUB-SAHARIAN AFRICAN COUNTRIES’. In this paper, presented as a tribute to CARLOS ALBERTO MEDEIROS, the author begins by evoking some of the most important moments in the brilliant academic career of his former student and collaborator, as well as the feelings of mutual friendship and respect that bind the two. The subject of the importance of the informal sector in the urban economy of Sub-Saharan African countries is then addressed in two parts – 1. On the informal nature and informality of the urban economy; and 2. On the multi-segmentation of the informal sector –, which are followed by a Conclusion. The result of many years of careful reflection and analysis, based on field observation, countless literature surveys and exchanges of knowledge with other specialists from the social sciences, this paper is actually an early version of part of a book currently under preparation, and is offered as such as a gift accompanying this tribute. The first part of the paper begins with a reflection on the expression ‘informal sector’ (for long in current usage) and others still being used, as well on the validity of the formal/informal dicotomy as an analytical instrument, and proceeds by presenting examples of the differences between these two sectors (Table I), their inter-relationships, the existence of hybrid forms and some data on the importance and expansion of the informal sector, which is responsible for ensuring the livelihood of most city inhabitants. The second part focuses on the myriad activities and small-scale individual, family and even ‘firm-like’ businesses and trades that bring the streets and markets to life. Street hawkers and producers, among whom the women play a central role, predominate, many of whom are newcomers to the city that have just arrived from the countryside, or from abroad in the case of the immigrants (Table II). According to another author (Table III), it is particularly difficult to create a taxonomy of these multiple micro-activities, and to draw a clear-cut distinction between formal and informal activities. In the concluding remarks, attention is drawn to the unquestionable reality, complexity, expansion and importance of the informal sector of the urban economy. Hence the need to study it in the field while bearing in mind its wider context and to regard it as a structural feature rather than a marginal or marginalized phenomenon.

After a protracted conflict, societies have to cope with the need of promoting reconciliation and peace consolidation, in order to prevent the resurgence of violence. Several mechanisms have been developed to address human rights’ violations, which go far beyond the national judicial systems: specific international courts; truth and reconciliation commissions; programmes for reparation of victims and reintegration of ex-combatants and war crimes perpe­trators; traditional and local mechanisms of conflict resolution. This paper addresses reconcil­iation and justice issues in three different post-conflict situations in sub-Saharan Africa (Rwanda, Mozambique and Sierra Leone) highlighting the approaches and responses adopted in each one of them.

The present article doesn't has the pretension to be understood as a socio-anthropological study about the political parties in Africa; alternatively, it essays to synthesise a proposal of «state of the art» and of critical analysis of what it is possible to empirically find on the «reality». The disciplinary lenses used to achieve this goal were heterodox, although centred on Sociology, Political Science and Anthropology. This was essentially a methodological option given the diversity of authors consulted (true vehicles of information and knowledge) and the effort to delimitate a study object that demanded an epistemic cartography built with an elevated scale, although illustrated, when possible, by real, located and contextualized pictures. These methodological constraints were imposed by the study object itself, given its geographical dimension (all the sub-Saharan Africa) and its temporal length (the XXth century, understood as a timeline of colonization-decolonization-post colonization-independences).

The introduction by the editor of this issue informs about the international conference which originated the collection of papers presented here. It tries to locate these studies in the context of the international debate on the structure of, and changes in, politics in Africa. Distinguishing between the discussion on structure and that on the subjective dimension, it refers to what seems to be in this context the core contribution of each article. It points out the merits as well as the limitations of the collection and emphacises the importance of continuous and intensified empirical research articulated with a theoretical elaboration aimed at overcoming the present shortcomings in this field.

In an attempt at lining out a framework for the debate on pattern changes in African politics, this articles focuses mainly on the structures of interaction on the «national» level. In this perspective, it points out a series of processes common to all of Africa which have been provoking alterations in the original patterns. It lists a number of problem areas important for future research, but does not propose hypotheses for future patterns. This part is complemented by a critical discussion of the attempts at interpreting the political processes in Africa which have to date been made in the social sciences, denouncing their sometimes flagrant inadequacies.

The wide-ranging impact of HIV/AIDS on demographic trends and socio-economic development of African countries deserves renewed attention and additional research. HIV/AIDS severely undermines the development prospects of many African countries, most of which have recorded shockingly high prevalence rates of the epidemic. In the years to come, Sub-Saharan Africa is far more certain to experience further demographic changes that would continue to impact negatively on development trends. The epidemic is decimating human capital and institutions, perpetuating intergenerational poverty and inequality, and threatening the security of populations and countries. In this regard, it has become one of the most serious challenges facing African countries. This paper asserts that in high HIV prevalence countries, the majority of which are in Sub-Saharan Africa, the size, composition, structure and distribution of populations have experienced profound mutations. The new demographic structure has a direct and significant bearing on all facets of sustainable development. It is therefore essential to examine how these demographic modifications affect efforts towards socio-economic progress.

Almost 98% of the refugees in Africa today could beconsidered as in protracted refugee situations. We needconcerted efforts to draw as many as possible to a close.

Introducción: los resultados a largo plazo de la terapia antirretroviral combinada (TARVC) en África han sido escasamente reportados. Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad de la TARVC a través de 2 factores determinantes: la mortalidad y la pérdida del seguimiento. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, longitudinal, en 1 000 adultos que comenzaron TARVC en el 2004 y fueron seguidos hasta el 2009 en el hospital "Esperança", en Luanda. Resultados: el conteo basal medio de linfocitos T CD4+ fue de 147,1 cél/mm³. El 46 % se presentó con estadio clínico III o IV de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. La edad promedio fue 34,6 años. Durante 60 000 meses-personas de seguimiento (media 34 meses), 335 pacientes fallecieron, 153 fueron perdidos en el seguimiento y la retención en el tratamiento a los 5 años fue 51,2 %. La tasa cruda de muerte fue 7,9 por 100 años-persona (95 % IC 5,6-8,3). Se detectó un tiempo medio de supervivencia significativamente menor en las mujeres (39,1 meses vs. 42), en aquellos con un conteo basal de linfocitos T CD4+ menor de 200 cél/mm³ (27,3 meses vs. 32,4), en los clasificados en los estadios avanzados de la OMS (25,6 meses vs. 31,7) y en los que alcanzaban tanto criterios clínicos como inmunológicos para iniciar la terapia (30,4 meses vs. solo con inmunológicos 33,7). Conclusiones: se observó una buena retención a largo plazo y resultados clínicos. La mortalidad relativamente elevada a los 5 años presenta un desafío importante para lograr mejores resultados de la TARVC y sugiere la necesidad de reforzar las estrategias que promuevan la adherencia al tratamiento.