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Introduction and aim Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is a subtle but significant brain dysfunction resulting from chronic liver damage, with symptoms that can be difficult to detect. It affects patients' quality of life by causing problems with concentration, memory, and motor coordination. Untreated MHE may progress to more severe neurological disorders, such as overt hepatic encephalopathy. The importance of this condition lies in its impact on patients' daily functioning and the increased risk of accidents, particularly in situations requiring quick responses, such as driving.Neurological symptoms caused by the disease are potentially reversible with treatment. Materials and Methods Available literature from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases was reviewed using the following keywords: "minimal hepatic encephalopathy," "hepatic encephalopathy," "cirrhosis," and "SIBO." Conclusion The significance of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy is crucial from the perspective of preventing further progression and the onset of overt hepatic encephalopathy, as well as improving the quality of life for our patients. Patients and their families are often unaware of the condition, and the cognitive impairments are frequently underestimated. Enhancing diagnostic methods would enable physicians to identify these patients more promptly.

Introduction and purpose of the study: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth syndrome (SIBO) is a syndrome characterized by an increased number of bacteria in the small intestine. The condition causes many non-specific symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain and bloating. The purpose of this study is to review the current knowledge regarding treatment options for SIBO. Methodology: A literature review was conducted based on PubMed, GoogleScholar databases and American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) guidelines. Current knowledge: SIBO is a heterogeneous syndrome. Symptoms of bacterial overgrowth include bloating, abdominal pain and abnormal bowel motility. In more severe cases, patients may experience malabsorption leading to weight loss and malnutrition. SIBO can occur in healthy individuals, but very often accompanies other conditions. The primary test for diagnosis is non-invasive lactulose or glucose breath tests. For treatment, the antibiotic rifaximin is preferred. It exhibits a broad spectrum of activity and a low toxicity profile. Treatment may also include diet therapy and the use of probiotics. Summary: SIBO continues to be both a diagnostic and therapeutic problem. Effective treatment includes not only elimination of the bacteria but also treatment of predisposing conditions. Conclusions of the study show a positive effect of rifaximin on the reduction of SIBO symptoms and improvement of patients' quality of life. The use of certain probiotics has a proven effect. According to the currently available literature, the effectiveness of the low-FODMAP diet in SIBO is hypothetical and further studies are needed to unequivocally confirm its efficacy.

Introduction: The gut microbiome is an integral part of the body, and the eubiosis conditio significantly influences homeostasis. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is connected with an increased numer of bacteria, it causes gastrointestinal symptoms. The main symptoms are abdominal pain, bloating and diarrhea. SIBO correlates with the occurrence of other chronic diseases. The basis of treatment are antibiotics. There are also scientific reports on supplementing pharmacological therapy with dietary management. Objective: The purpose of this paper is to review the current knowledge on the bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine. Particular attention took notice of to the relationship between SIBO and other chronic diseases as well as potential and applied treatments. Material and methods: The review includes publications published in 2020-2023 and certain works published earlier, in the years 2008-2017. Data were collected using PubMed, ScienceDirect i Google Scholar. Results: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is heterogeneous disorder. Its symptoms are nonspecific. SIBO is related to several different diseases and corresponds with them. Empirical treatment consists in administration of antibiotics. Supplementing therapy with alternative methods for example probiotic and diet therapy promotes success in treating. Conclusions: The lack of standarized therapeutic menagment and focused on bacterial eradication only approach makes, SIBO is recurrent ailment. More research is needed. The important thing is holistic approach on etiology, pathogenesis and therapy.

Introduction: The human digestive tract contains 38 trillion bacteria in the colon. Physiologically, there is much less of them in other parts of digestive tract. The concentration of bacterial colonies grows along the intestine. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is characterized by an increased number of bacteria in the small intestine that correlates with gastrointestinal symptoms. The main symptoms of SIBO are bdominal bloating and diarrhea. Diagnostic methods used in SIBO include measuring methane or hydrogen levels. However, the use of antibiotics is prevalent, there is still a necessity to search for the gold standard of treatment. Objective: The purpose of this paper is to review the current knowledge on the management of patients with proliferative small intestinal bacterial flora syndrome. Particular attention was paid to the types of diagnosis and treatment of this ailment in recent years. Material and methods: The review includes publications published in 2001- 2022. Data were collected using PubMed or az published online American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) 2020 guidelines. Results: SIBO is an incompletely understood disease. Its symptoms are nonspecific and found in many gastrointestinal disorders, and its diagnosis is not fully specified. The gold standard for diagnosis is the collection of a small bowel aspirate during endoscopic examination. Antibacterial treatment is given empirically, mainly rifaximin, while other types of treatment are not strongly established in the publications. Conclusions: The lack of standardized management and the lack of sufficient evidence for the effectiveness of current methods make SIBO a recurrent complaint. All above aspects confirm that SIBO requires a lot of research to provide better life quality for these patients.

Introduction: rosacea affects approximately 10% of the world's population. It is a recurrent, inflammatory dermatosis that is difficult to deal with despite treatment. Material and methods: literature review from PubMed databases from 2017-2022. Conclusions: It is very difficult to find the cause of acne lesions. What is certain is that various factors overlap: genetic, environmental, immunological disorders, intestinal abnormalities, dietary factors. New treatments are constantly being sought. The overall health of the organism is very important in maintaining the proper function of every organ, but also of the skin - as a barrier against rosacea.