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ABSTRACT The philodendron is a plant with a high sales price, however, in Mexico there is not enough plant material available for the producers of this ornamental. Therefore, the objective of this research was to establish an in vitro aseptic culture of philodendron, for this, the effect of fungicides and bactericides applied from the transplantation of mother plants to the production and harvest of explants (axillary shoots) for in vitro establishment was evaluated. Two experiments were carried out using MS culture medium; in the second, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were added to the culture medium. Both experiments were established in a completely randomized experimental design. It was observed that with the joint action of the sanitizing products in the treatment of mother plants and in the disinfection process, as well as the addition of AgNPs to the culture medium, it was possible to establish an aseptic culture of philodendron. Results show that 2 g L-1 of Agry-Gent Plus 5000® plus 2 g L-1 of Prozycar® in the treatment of mother plants was the one generated the highest percentage of aseptic explants (25.71%) in the first in vitro establishment, while, in the second experiment, the same products plus the addition of AgNPs to the culture medium for seven days generated 100% aseptic explants. The contaminants identified were yeasts, Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different disinfection procedures as alternatives to formaldehyde fumigation on eggshell microbial load and quality of eggs from a 42-week-old Cobb commercial breeder flock. A total of 10,080 clean eggs collected from the nests were randomly distributed in a randomized complete block design, among the following treatment groups: 13.33 g m-3 formaldehyde fumigation, 5-10 ppm ozone fumigation, 6.36 mW cm-2 UV-C light irradiation, spraying with 1.56% hydrogen peroxide, spraying with 0.13% peracetic acid, spraying with water (wet control), and no disinfection procedure (dry control). Per treatment, eight samples of four eggs each were collected before and after the disinfection procedure, in order to count the number of Enterobacteriaceae and total aerobic mesophilic bacteria on the eggshell. Only eggs subjected to the formaldehyde and UV treatments showed a significant reduction in total aerobic mesophilic bacterial count on the eggshell, when compared with those of the dry control group. Treatments did not affect eggshell thickness and resistance force. UV light exposure is effective in reducing microbial load on 42-week-old breeder flock eggshells, without affecting their quality, and can be considered an alternative to formaldehyde disinfection.

Hand hygiene is one of the primary methods used to reduce the fecal-oral transmission of infectious agents. However, conflicting hand hygiene recommendations for different settings are causing confusion among the general public as to what is the best practice to follow or what products should be used for daily handwashing and hand hygiene. This document provides the information necessary for average consumers to make an informed decision.

This study analyzed the quality of water used for the irrigation of five crops based upon microorganism indicators of fecal contamination (group coliforms) and contamination by organic material (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) in both the water and in the irrigated food. The study also verified the decrease in the activity of these microorganisms by heterotrophic bacterial count before and after treatment with three different sanitizers. The presence of coliform (NMP > 1600) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was observed in both the irrigation water and in the irrigated food, and the coefficient of variation (R2) revealed a strong correlation between the rates of contamination of the water and food. All of the sanitizers evaluated reduced the bacterial load of the food, especially sanitization with vinegar at 200 ppm, which, in addition to greatly reducing food contamination, is also considered a low-cost and toxicologically safe product, and therefore may be indicated for this purpose. Thus, the use of poor quality water in the irrigation of vegetables may directly contribute to food contamination, with serious implications for the health of consumers.

Algunos microorganismos útiles y bacterias patógenas como por ejemplo Pseudomonas, Vibrio, Escherichia, Salmonella, Listeria, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Mycobacteria, tienen la capacidad de adherirse y crecer en los alimentos y/o en las superficies que están en contacto con ellos formando biopelículas. Estas son significativamente importantes en el campo alimentario porgue causan serios problemas que dificultan y perjudican las operaciones y los procesos al generar pérdidas de energía, reducción del flujo (en tuberías) y transferencia de calor, y taponamiento de poros de membranas, entre otros. Este documento considera los aspectos biológicos y fisicoquímicos relacionados con la formación y desarrollo de las biopelículas, lo cual, unido al desarrollo de metodologías de diagnóstico e identificación, permitirán desarrollar estrategias gue faciliten la prevención y control de la contaminación en la industria de alimentos para mantener los sistemas libres de biopelículas y favorecer la calidad y seguridad de los alimentos.Alguns microorganismos úteis e bactérias patogênicas, como Pseudomonas, Vibrio, Escherichia, Salmonella, Listeria, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Micobactéria, têm a capacidade de aderir e crescer em alimentos e/ou as superfícies em contato com eles. Neste contexto, os biofilmes são significativamente importantes na alimentação, porque podem causar problemas graves que impedem e dificultam as operações e processos para gerar perdas de energia, fluxo reduzido (tubos) e transferência de calor, e entupimento de poros da membrana, entre outros. Este documento considera a aspectos biológicos e físico-químicas relacionadas à formação e desenvolvimento de biofilmes, que, juntamente com o desenvolvimento de métodos para o diagnóstico e identificação, ajudará a desenvolver estratégias de prevenção e controle da poluição na indústria de alimentos para manter os sistemas de biofilme livre e promover a qualidade e segurança alimentar.Some useful microorganisms and pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas, Vibrio, Escherichia, Salmonella, Listeria, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Mycobacterium, have the ability to adhere and grow in food and/or surfaces in contact with them. In this context, the biofilms are significantly important in the food industry because they cause serious problems that impede and impair the operations and processes to generate energy losses, reduced flow (in pipes) and heat transfer, and plugging of membrane pores, among others. This document considers the biological and physicochemical aspects related to training and development of biofilms, which, together with the development of methods for diagnosis and identification, will help develop strategies for prevention and control of pollution in the food industry to maintain biofilm-free systems and promote the quality and food safety

Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar a influência dos sanificantes peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) e dicloro isocianurato de sódio (NaDCC) sobre a vida de prateleira da cebola (Allium cepa L.) minimamente processada, com base no desenvolvimento da microbiota e características físicas e físico-químicas. As cebolas foram previamente lavadas, descascadas e fatiadas. Foram testados 6 tratamentos em 3 blocos casualizados. Os tratamentos foram: controle, H2O2 (2%), H2O2 (4%), H2O2 (6%), NaDCC (50ppm) e NaDCC (100ppm). Após a sanificação, as cebolas foram embaladas e armazenadas durante 7 dias a 4ºC. A cada dia, uma bandeja de cada tratamento foi retirada e utilizada para coleta de amostras, para realização das seguintes análises: contagem padrão de microrganismos aeróbios mesófilos, contagem total de microrganismos aeróbios psicrotróficos, quantificação de fungos e leveduras, quantificação de coliformes a 35ºC e a 45ºC, sólidos solúveis totais (SST), pH, determinação da acidez total titulável (ATT), textura e perda de massa. Menores contagens de aeróbios mesófilos foram encontradas nos tratamentos com H2O2; todos os tratamentos, exceto o controle, foram eficientes para redução dos aeróbios psicrotróficos e coliformes a 35ºC; não foram encontrados coliformes a 45ºC em nenhum dos tratamentos; apenas os tratamentos com 4% e 6% de H2O2 reduziram os valores de fungos e leveduras; não houve diferenças entre os tratamentos para as análises de SST e perda de massa; foram obtidos maiores valores de pH para os tratamentos com NaDCC; menores valores de ATT foram encontrados nos tratamentos com H2O2 (4%), H2O2 (6%) e NaDCC (50 ppm) e maiores resultados de textura foram obtidos nos tratamentos com H2O2 (4%) e H2O2 (6%). De acordo com as condições deste experimento, concluiu-se que o H2O2, nas concentrações de 4% e 6%, foi mais eficiente como sanificante para cebolas minimamente processadas do que o NaDCC; segundo os parâmetros analisados, a qualidade da cebola se manteve adequada para o consumo em todos os tratamentos até o sétimo dia após o processamento, incluindo o tratamento-controle (sem sanificante).The goal of this work was to evaluate the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and sodium dichloroisocianurate (NaDCC) sanitizers on the shelf-life of fresh-cut onion, based on the microbial development and physical and physical-chemical characteristics. The onions were washed, peeled and sliced. The following treatments were tested using three randomized blocks: H2O2 (2%), H2O2 (4%), H2O2 (6%), NaDCC (50ppm) and NaDCC (100ppm). The slices were packed and stored at 4ºC for 7 days, after sanitation. One package for treatment was used daily and the following variables were evaluated: standard counting of mesophile aerobic microorganisms, total counting of psychrotrophs aerobic microorganisms, moulds and yeasts, total coliforms at 35ºC and 45ºC, total soluble solids (TSS), pH, titratable acidity (TA), firmness and mass loss. Lower counting of mesophile aerobic were found in slices treated with H2O2; all treatments, but control, were effective in decreasing psychrotroph aerobic and total coliforms at 35ºC; coliforms 45ºC were not found in slices of any treatment; only H2O2 (4%) and H2O2 (6%) treatments decreased the values of moulds and yeasts; the treatments did not affect the TSS and mass loss; NaDCC treatments promoted higher pH; lower TA were found in slices treated with H2O2 (4%), H2O2 (6%) and NaDCC (50ppm) and higher firmness were obtained in slices treated with H2O2 (4%) and H2O2 (6%). From the results it is concluded that H2O2 (4 and 6%) was more effective sanitizer for fresh-cut onions than NaDCC; according the analyzed parameters, the fresh-cut onion was held in proper edible conditions for 7 days after processing, including the control (without sanitizer).