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The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of protein and/or starch supplementation on the nutritional performance of cattle grazing on low-quality tropical forage. Five crossbred steers (Holstein × Gyr) with an average body weight (BW) of 397 kg that were fitted with ruminal and abomasal cannulae were used. The animals were kept in individual signal-grass (Bracharia decumbens) paddocks. Five treatments were evaluated: 1 - control (without supplementation); 2 - supplementation with 1 g of crude protein (CP) per kg of BW; 3 - supplementation with 2.5 g of starch per kg of BW; 4 - supplementation with CP and starch as described for treatments 2 and 3; and 5 - supplementation as described for treatment 4 but replacing the corn starch with a mixture of corn starch and nitrogenous compounds, thereby resulting in an energy supplement of 150 g CP/kg of dry matter. The experiment was performed according to a 5 × 5 Latin square design in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement. The forage intake was not affected by any of the factors evaluated in this study. The production of microbial nitrogen in the rumen was not affected by nitrogen or starch supplementation. The apparent nitrogen balance was only increased when both starch and nitrogen were supplied. Supplementation with both starch and nitrogenous compounds for cattle grazing on low-quality tropical forage is characterized by an interactive metabolic effect that increases nitrogen accretion by the animals.

Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a divergência nutricional de genótipos de cana-de-açúcar para uso na alimentação de animais ruminantes. Foram avaliados os genótipos: RB72454, RB835486, SP80-1842, IAC86-2480, RB977512, RB867515, RB935566, RB925345, RB977625, SP79-1011, SP80-1816, SP81-3250 e SP91-1049, colhidos em soca aos 11 meses de idade, quanto às variáveis FDN, hemicelulose, lignina, relação FDN x carboidratos solúveis, fração indegradável da FDN, taxa de degradação da FDN e taxa de degradação da matéria seca. A aplicação da análise de agrupamento segundo o método de Tocher, utilizando a matriz de distâncias euclidiana média, permitiu o estabelecimento de três grupos de genótipos. A FDN e a taxa de degradação da MS foram as variáveis de maior importância para a discriminação dos grupos, contribuindo cada uma com 25,64% do poder de discriminação total. A fração indegradável da FDN foi a variável que apresentou a menor contribuição para discriminação dos grupos (11,54%). A variáveis FDN, fração indegradável da FDN, hemicelulose, taxa de degradação da MS e taxa de degradação da FDN mostraram-se eficazes para o estudo da diversidade nutricional da cana-de-açúcar. O grupo III, constituído pelo clone RB977512, apresentou as melhores médias para as variáveis avaliadas e, portanto, pode ser considerado de melhor qualidade nutricional para alimentação de ruminantes.The objective of this trial was to study the nutritional divergence of sugarcane genotypes for feeding ruminants. The following sugarcane genotypes were evaluated: RB72454, RB835486, SP80-1842, IAC86-2480, RB977512, RB867515, RB935566, RB925345, RB977625, SP79-1011, SP80-1816, SP81-3250, and SP91-1049 all harvested at 11 months of age. The discriminatory variables were: neutral detergent fiber (NDF), hemicellulose, lignin, NDF to soluble carbohydrate ratio, NDF undegradable fraction, and rates of NDF and DM degradation. Application of the cluster analyses according to the Tocher approach, using the mean Euclidian distance matrix, yielded three groups of genotypes. Neutral detergent fiber and DM degradation rates were the most important variables for group discrimination contributing individually with 25.64% of the total discrimination power while the least contribution was observed with NDF undegradable fraction (11.54%). The variables NDF, NDF undegradable fraction, hemicellulose, and rates of DM and NDF degradation all showed to be effective to evaluate sugarcane nutritional divergence. Group III formed by the clone RB977512 showed the best responses for the studied variables and as such can be considered of higher nutritional quality for ruminants.

Com o objetivo de avaliar a degradabilidade ruminal da matéria seca (MS) e da proteína bruta (PB) de diferentes alimentos concentrados utilizados na alimentação de bovinos, pela técnica in situ, foram utilizados três novilhos Nelores, inteiros, com 24 meses e peso aproximado de 350 Kg, fistulados no rúmen. As amostras referentes aos alimentos foram pesadas e colocadas no interior de sacos de náilon (6,5 x 4,0 cm de área livre), com porosidade conhecida de 50 micras, na quantidade de 1,0 grama de MS; esses foram incubados em ordem decrescente no rúmen nos tempos de 48, 36, 24, 12, 6, 3 e 0 horas. Foram avaliados seis alimentos: glúten de milho, polpa cítrica, farelo de soja, farelo de trigo, milho moído e o farelo de amendoim. Os dados foram ajustados por regressão não-linear, segundo o modelo p = a + b(1-e-ct). As degradabilidades efetivas (DE) da matéria seca dos alimentos foram, respectivamente, de 29,3; 76,6; 71,3; 60,5; 59,6; e 60,8, para a taxa de passagem de 5%/h, e da proteína bruta foram de 8,5; 56,1; 57,4; 67,9; 30,1; e 85,2, para a mesma taxa de passagem, respectivamente. A polpa cítrica apresentou alto valor para a degradabilidade efetiva de MS (76,6%); o milho, uma lenta degradação ruminal da PB, com uma taxa de degradação para a fração “b” de 2,9%; o glúten de milho apresentou uma fração “a” de 11,9% para a MS, sendo uma fonte de proteína de alto escape ruminal, apresentou DE de 8,5%; o farelo de amendoim apresentou valor, para a fração “b”, de 67,3%, o valor nutritivo desse alimento é semelhante ao farelo de soja, mas teve a maior DE de PB superior 48% ao farelo de soja. O glúten de milho apresentou baixa degradação ruminal, enquanto a polpa cítrica e o milho tiveram uma lenta degradação ruminal, principalmente quando comparados ao farelo de amendoim.With the objective of evaluating the ruminal degradation of the dry matter and the crude protein of different concentrated feed used when feeding bovine, through the in situ technique, we used three young Nelore steers, rumen fistulated, with 24 months old, and weighting approximately 350 kg. The feed samples were weighted and put inside of nylon bags (6,5 x 4,0 cm of free area) with 50 micras porosity in the quantity of 1,0 g of dry matter, and they were put in decreasing order in the rumen with intervals of 48, 36, 24, 12, 6, 3 and 0 hours. Six feeds were analysed: corn gluten, citrus pulp, soybean meal, wheat meal, ground corn and peanut meal. The data were adjusted by non linear regression, according to the model p = a + b(1-e-ct). The effective degradability of the dry matter were, in order, 29, 3, 76, 6, 71, 3, 60, 4, 59, 6 and 60,8, to the passage ratio of 5% an hour, and of the crude protein, 8,5; 56,1; 57,4; 67,9; 30,1; and 85,2 fot the same passage ratio. The citrus pulp presented high value for the effective degradability of DM (76,6%), the corn a slow degradation ruminal of PB, with the value of the degradation ratio for the fraction “b” of 2,9%, the corn gluten presented a fraction "a", of 11,9% for to DM; where a source of protein of high ruminal escape, it presented ED of 8,5%; the peanut meal presented value, for the fraction "b", of 67,3%, the nutritional value of this food is similar to the soy meal, but had the largest ED of CP 48% highest than the soy meal. The corn gluten presented low ruminal degradation, while the citrus pulp and the corn had slow ruminal degradation, specially when compared to the peanut meal.